莫斯科在占领领土方面遭受了进一步的损失，但正在使用新型无人机来突破乌克兰的防御防线，以应对即将到来的冬季。
Moscow has suffered further losses of occupied territory, but is using new drones to beat Ukraine’s defences ahead of winter.
根据乌克兰军方的统计，2026年9月俄罗斯军队的伤亡人数达到了全年最高水平：共有46,230名士兵阵亡或受伤。
Russia suffered its highest losses of 2026 in September, when 46,230 of its soldiers were killed or wounded, according to the Ukrainian military.
这一新的伤亡数字是在俄罗斯自6月以来每月平均伤亡约40,000人的背景下出现的，也接近乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基在1月份设定的“每月造成50,000名俄罗斯士兵伤亡”的目标。据报道，俄罗斯在9月28日的单日伤亡人数达到了战争以来的最高水平。
The new record comes after Russian casualties of about 40,000 a month since June, and is close to the goal Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy set in January of 50,000 Russian casualties a month. Russia reportedly lost 2,090 troops on September 28 – its highest 24-hour casualty rate of the war.
半岛电视台无法核实双方关于伤亡情况的声明。乌克兰方面表示他们掌握了所有伤亡人员的视频证据，因为其中超过90%的伤亡是由使用第一人称视角（FPV）拍摄的无人机所造成的。
Al Jazeera cannot verify casualty claims from either side. Ukraine says it has video of each casualty, as more than 90 percent of them are caused by first-person view (FPV) drones.
尽管遭遇挫折，俄罗斯仍试图夺取乌克兰东部卢甘斯克和顿涅茨克地区尚未控制的领土——这些地区正是伤亡最为严重的地方。
But despite setbacks, Russia has been trying to seize the remaining areas of Ukraine’s eastern regions of Luhansk and Donetsk that it doesn’t control — which is where casualties have been heaviest.
乌克兰第三军军司令安德烈·比莱茨基准将表示，他们的反击行动取得了显著成效：他们假装从西方向俄罗斯军队发起攻击，迫使俄军在该方向上消耗大量预备兵力；随后又从北方发动了进攻。他们的战术还包括使用装有炸药的俄罗斯装甲运兵车来破坏俄军的防御工事。
在利曼地区，乌克兰军队取得了尤为重大的胜利：在名为“维瓦尔第行动”（Operation Vivaldi）的第三阶段反击中，他们最近几周夺回了176平方公里的领土。
Ukraine’s Third Army Corps has inflicted particularly heavy losses in the area around Lyman, where the third phase of a counteroffensive called Operation Vivaldi has reclaimed 176sq km (68sq miles) of territory in recent weeks. Corps commander Brigadier General Andriy Biletsky said it succeeded by feigning an attack from the west, and “forced it [the Russian army] to senselessly burn through its reserves in counterattacks precisely in that direction”. Then it attacked from the north.
乌克兰军队还使用了遥控操作的装甲运兵车来打击俄军防线。一位在利曼前线的乌克兰指挥官称，“维瓦尔第行动”的第一阶段成功歼灭了俄军的前锋部队。此外，乌克兰的无人机操作人员还不断破坏俄军的弹药和燃料供应，从而削弱了俄军的作战能力。
Among its tactics was the use of remotely operated Russian armoured personnel carriers filled with explosives that smashed into Russian defences. A Ukrainian commander on the Lyman front described how Vivaldi’s first phase eliminated a vanguard of Russian soldiers. Ukrainian drone operators have also been busy disrupting Russian ammunition and fuel supplies, starving the front.
俄罗斯方面否认了乌克兰方面的反击成果，并发布了相关视频作为“证据”。
Russia denied the Ukrainian counteroffensive’s gains, posting videos as purported evidence.
俄罗斯经常声称自己占领了某些地区并扩大了领土范围。然而，根据“战争研究机构”（ISW）和“DeepState”等组织的评估（这些机构通过开源的、带有地理位置信息的视频资料来监测领土变化情况），他们的地图上几乎从未反映出俄罗斯所声称的领土扩张情况。
Russia has frequently claimed to hold positions and gain territory. But assessments by the Institute for the Study of War and DeepState, organisations that track territorial gains using open source, geolocated footage, rarely reflect Russian claims on their maps.
据“战争研究机构”估计，俄罗斯今年实际占领的领土面积仅为148平方公里（57平方英里），远低于俄罗斯自己宣称的5300平方公里。
The ISW has estimated Russia’s net gains this year at 148sq km (57sq miles), nowhere near the 5,300sq km that Russia claims.
俄罗斯持续对基辅发动攻击：在过去一周里，俄罗斯继续对乌克兰的城市进行轰炸，袭击了能源基础设施，同时也摧毁了住宅楼、幼儿园、学校、办公楼等非军事目标。9月28日，一架无人机炸毁了基辅的国家科学院的部分设施，导致多人死亡。9月30日，俄罗斯无人机袭击了基辅地区的一座热电厂，导致全国至少有5人死亡。
Russia pounds Kyiv Still, Russia pounded Ukraine’s cities during the past week, striking energy infrastructure but also residential buildings, kindergartens, schools, office buildings and other nonmilitary targets. Several people were killed on September 28, when a drone destroyed part of the National Academy of Sciences in Kyiv. Kyiv experienced power outages on September 30, when Russian drones struck a thermal power plant in the Kyiv region.
总理科尔茨基在社交媒体上写道：“自夏季以来，敌人每天都在攻击乌克兰的能源基础设施；但如此大规模、协同性的攻击还是自上一个供暖季节结束以来首次发生。”泽连斯基数周前就警告称，俄罗斯打算对乌克兰的能源系统发动猛烈攻击，以在冬季给乌克兰人民带来苦难。乌克兰国防部的电子技术顾问谢尔盖·贝斯克列斯特诺夫表示：“9月30日，俄罗斯还测试了一架携带特殊战斗头的无人机，这种战斗头专门用于摧毁高压电线杆；我认为敌人的目标是破坏乌克兰的重要高压电力设施。”
At least five people were killed across the country. “Since the summer, there has not been a single day when the enemy has not attacked energy infrastructure. However, such a massive and combined attack has not occurred since the end of the last heating season,” wrote Prime Minister Sergii Koretskyi on social media. Zelenskyy has warned for weeks that Russia intends to strike Ukraine’s energy sector hard to cause suffering this winter. On September 30, Russia also tested a drone with a cumulative cutting warhead “specifically designed to destroy high-voltage pylons,” said Ukraine’s defence ministry electronics adviser Serhii Beskrestnov. “I believe the enemy’s plan is to attack important high-voltage power lines.”
此外，俄罗斯在9月还袭击了多个数据中心，显然是为了破坏乌克兰的通信网络和数字商业系统。
Russia has also targeted data centres during September, in an apparent effort to disrupt connectivity and digital commerce.
乌克兰面临拦截导弹的严重困难：泽连斯基指出，乌克兰目前缺乏足够的导弹拦截器来拦截弹道导弹；9月30日仍有多枚导弹成功击中了乌克兰的目标。他表示，如果相关技术能够得到共享，乌克兰有望以更快的速度、更低的成本自行制造这些拦截器。
Ukraine has been suffering from a shortage of interceptors with which to stop ballistic missiles, and several got through on September 30, Zelenskyy said. Ukraine believes it can manufacture interceptors faster and more cheaply than its allies if the technology is shared.
泽连斯基曾在去年7月的北约峰会上说服美国总统特朗普，允许乌克兰在许可证下生产“爱国者”系统的拦截弹，但特朗普后来收回了这一提议。
Zelenskyy had persuaded US President Donald Trump to allow Ukraine to manufacture interceptors for the Patriot system under licence at the NATO summit last July, but Trump later retracted the offer.
喷气式无人机也是近期的一个挑战。乌克兰已掌握击落螺旋桨动力无人机的技艺，拦截率远超90%。然而，在截至10月1日的那一周，他们仅击落了俄罗斯发射的1933架长程无人机中的81%，因为其中许多是喷气式动力。
Jet-powered drones are a recent challenge, too. Ukraine had mastered the art of shooting down propeller-powered ones, eliminating well over 90 percent. During the week ending October 1, however, they downed only 81 percent of the 1,933 long-range aerial drones Russia launched because many of them were jet-powered.
“乌克兰对喷气式‘见证者’无人机的拦截率目前为55%，”泽连斯基写道。
“Ukraine’s interception rate for jet-powered “shaheds” is now 55 percent,” Zelenskyy wrote.
情况可能会更糟。别斯克列斯特诺夫表示，俄罗斯正在研发一套无线电信标系统，以更好地制导无人机。
Worse may be to come. Beskrestnov said Russia was working on a system of radio beacons to better guide drones.
他写道：“该系统将使它们能够深入我方领土，纵深达100公里。这基本上意味着能够精确打击乌克兰绝大部分领土。”
“This system will allow them to navigate deep within our territory, at a distance of up to 100 km. This essentially means the ability to accurately attack a vast portion of Ukraine,” he wrote.
泽连斯基称，俄罗斯计划明年在喷气式无人机和游荡弹药上花费120亿美元。
Zelenskyy said Russia planned to spend $12bn on jet-powered drones and loitering munitions next year.
乌克兰反击 乌克兰也继续对俄罗斯炼油厂实施纵深打击，以切断其战争机器的燃料供应并扰乱其经济。
Ukraine strikes back Ukraine, too, has continued deep strikes against Russian refineries to starve its war machine of fuel and disrupt its economy.
9月25日，乌克兰无人机袭击了彼尔姆和新沙赫金斯克炼油厂，次日又袭击了伊利斯基炼油厂。两天后，他们袭击了克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的四个油库。
Ukrainian drones struck the Perm and Novoshakhtinsk refineries on September 25, and the Ilsky refinery the following day. Two days later, they struck four oil deposits in the Krasnodar Krai region.
乌克兰还打击了国防工业。9月25日，它袭击了“火花”工厂（NPP Zavod Iskra），该厂生产俄罗斯发射入乌克兰的Kh-59巡航导弹和“铠甲-S”防空系统的电子元件。它还袭击了叶夫列莫夫合成橡胶厂，该厂生产“伊斯坎德尔-M”弹道导弹的固体火箭燃料。
Ukraine also struck defence industries. On September 25, it struck the NPP Zavod Iskra factory, which makes electronic components for the Kh-59 cruise missiles Russia flies into Ukraine, and the Pantsir-S air defence system. It also struck the Efremovsky Synthetic Rubber Plant, which makes solid rocket fuel for the Iskander-M ballistic missile.
第二天，乌克兰击中了亚速光学机械厂的铸造车间和五栋建筑，该厂生产用于火炮、导弹和反坦克武器的光学器件。成本超支 俄罗斯和乌克兰今年均已超支国防预算。
The next day, Ukraine hit the foundry and five buildings of the Azov Optical-Mechanical Plant, which makes optics for artillery, missile and antitank weapons. Cost overruns Both Russia and Ukraine have outspent their defence budgets for the year.
乌克兰表示，正在与欧盟委员会和国际货币基金组织进行谈判，以争取额外的270亿美元资金。
Ukraine said it was looking for an additional $27bn, in meetings with the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund.
“其中一部分资金需要立即用于支付预计在2027年第一季度到货的物资的预付款，”科雷茨基总理说。
“Part of these resources is needed immediately for advance payments for supplies that are expected to arrive in the first quarter of 2027,” said Prime Minister Koretskyi.
他补充道，部分资金将通过重新调配现有资金来筹集，但“我们也期待欧盟的支持”。
Some of the money would come “by reallocating funds”, he said, but “we are also counting on support from the EU”.
根据乌克兰外交情报部门的数据，俄罗斯在上半年用于战争的开支比去年同期增加了30%。
It was a similar story in Russia, which has spent 30 percent more on its war in the first half of the year than the same period last year, according to the Ukraine Foreign Intelligence Service.
路透社援引了俄罗斯政府泄露的文件，称俄罗斯计划明年将国防开支再增加27%，预计2027年的国防预算将达到2040亿美元。
Reuters cited leaked Russian government documents indicating that Russia plans to raise its defence spending by another 27 percent next year. It put the estimated budget at $204bn for 2027.
莫斯科计划通过额外举债以及削减非军事开支来为这一增长提供资金。
Moscow planned to pay for the increase through extra borrowing and budget cuts to nonmilitary expenditures.