随着美国临近中期选举，参议院对《保障美国选民资格法案》（SAVE America Act）的决定仍在悬而未决。这一僵局加剧了围绕选民准入、身份识别规则和州控制权的更广泛斗争。
A Senate decision on the SAVE America Act remains pending as the US nears midterm elections. The stalemate has sharpened a wider fight over voter access, identification rules and state control.
随着国家迈向11月3日的中期选举——届时众议院所有435个席位和参议院35个席位将进行角逐——关于一项旨在改变美国选民登记程序的拟议法律的辩论仍未解决。唐纳德·特朗普总统一直在推动变革，包括联邦要求各州收集寻求在联邦选举中投票者的美国公民身份文件证明。
The debate over a proposed law to change the voter registration process in the United States remains unresolved as the country moves towards the November 3 midterm elections, when all 435 seats in the House of Representatives and 35 Senate seats will be contested. President Donald Trump has been pushing for changes, including a federal requirement for states to collect documentary proof of US citizenship from peopleing to vote in federal elections.
这项名为《保障美国选民资格法案》（简称SAVE America Act）的拟议措施旨在修订1993年的《国家选民登记法》，使此类证明成为强制性要求。众议院于2月通过了该立法，但其参议院版本仍在悬而未决，使该问题在中期选举前仍未解决。
The proposed measure, called the Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act, or SAVE America Act, seeks to amend the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 to make such proof compulsory. The House passed the legislation in February, but its Senate version is still pending, leaving the issue unsettled ahead of the midterms.
与印度在很大程度上统一的国家框架下举行选举不同，美国选举制度主要由各个州自行管理。这意味着选民登记、身份识别、投票和选举管理的规则因州而异。北达科他州是唯一不要求选民登记的州，尽管那里的合格选民必须满足该州的居住和身份识别规则。即便如此，仍有多部联邦法律管辖全国的选民登记并保护投票权，包括1965年的《投票权法案》、1993年的《国家选民登记法》和2002年的《帮助美国投票法案》。
Unlike India, where elections are held under a largely uniform national framework, the US electoral system is run mainly by individual states. This means rules on voter registration, identification, voting and election administration differ from state to state. North Dakota is the only state that does not require voter registration, though eligible voters there must meet the state's residency and identification rules. Even so, several federal laws govern voter registration and protect voting rights across the country, including the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 and the Help America Vote Act of 2002.
《投票权法》禁止投票中的种族歧视，而《国家选民登记法》则要求该法律涵盖的州更容易登记，并制定了维护选民名册的规则。该法律由时任总统比尔·克林顿于1993年签署成为法律，要求各州通过机动车辆机构和某些其他指定机构提供选民登记，并规定了邮寄登记的程序。它还制定了从选民名册中删除姓名的规则。
The Voting Rights Act bars racial discrimination in voting, while the National Voter Registration Act requires states covered by the law to make registration more accessible and sets rules for maintaining voter rolls. Signed into law by then president Bill Clinton in 1993, the law required states to offer voter registration through motor vehicle agencies and certain other designated agencies, and also laid down procedures for registration by post. It also sets rules for removing names from voter rolls.
根据州法律，在刑事定罪或精神丧失行为能力后，或者因为选民死亡或转移到管辖范围之外，可以根据选民的要求删除姓名。在涉及变更居住地的情况下，联邦法律要求选举官员遵循具体通知和等待期程序。
Names may be removed at a voter's request, under state law, after a criminal conviction or a determination of mental incapacity, or because the voter has died or moved outside the jurisdiction. In cases involving a change of residence, federal law requires election officials to follow specific notice and waiting-period procedures.
各州的注册截止日期也有所不同。据全国州立法机构会议称，19个州和哥伦比亚特区允许选民在选举日登记，而北卡罗来纳州和蒙大拿州允许在提前投票期间当天登记，但不允许在选举日当天登记。总体而言，24个州和哥伦比亚特区有某种形式的当天或选举日登记。其中，17个州和华盛顿特区允许在整个提前投票期间和选举日进行，4个州仅允许在选举日进行，3个州仅允许在提前投票期间进行。
Registration deadlines also vary across states. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, 19 states and the District of Columbia allow voter registration on Election Day, while North Carolina and Montana allow same-day registration during early voting but not on Election Day. Overall, 24 states and the District of Columbia have some form of same-day or Election Day registration. Of these, 17 states and DC allow it throughout the early voting period and on Election Day, four allow it only on Election Day and three only during early voting.
两个州仅允许总统选举当天登记。在线选民登记由亚利桑那州于2002年首次推出，现已在42个州、哥伦比亚特区、关岛和美属维尔京群岛提供。
Two states allow same-day registration only for presidential elections. Online voter registration, first introduced by Arizona in 2002, is now available in 42 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and the US Virgin Islands.
《拯救美国法案》也成为有关选民身份识别和邮寄投票的更广泛辩论的一部分。共和党议员寻求更严格的身份识别规则，而民主党人则反对这些措施，称这些措施可能会让一些符合资格的选民更难投票。例如，加利福尼亚州向所有活跃选民发送选票，县选举官员最多可以在七天后收到选举日邮戳的选票，并且仍然会被计算，但须遵守该州的其他要求。由于参议院尚未就该法案采取行动，随着美国进入中期选举，有关选民登记和投票规则的更广泛辩论仍然悬而未决。使用PTI输入
The SAVE America Act has also become part of a wider debate over voter identification and mail-in voting. Republican lawmakers have sought stricter identification rules, while Democrats have opposed the measures, saying they could make voting harder for some eligible voters. California, for example, sends ballots to all activeed voters, and ballots postmarked by Election Day can be received by county election officials up to seven days later and still be counted, subject to the state's other requirements. With the Senate yet to act on the bill, the wider debate over voter registration and voting rules remains open as the US heads into the midterm elections. With PTI Inputs