埃拉·基普林报道：西班牙各地爆发抗议，呼吁加强租户权益保护。此前，政府未能于周五推动紧急住房立法在议会获得通过。
By Ella Kipling Protests are taking place across Spain calling for greater protections for tenants after the government failed to get emergency housing legislation through parliament on Friday.
周六，马德里、瓦伦西亚和巴塞罗那等城市预计将举行约50场游行，其中一些已经在进行。
About 50 planned marches were expected to take place in cities such as Madrid, Valencia and Barcelona on Saturday - with some already under way.
“街上弥漫着强烈的愤怒情绪，”瓦伦西亚租户联盟的一名发言人说，该市的一场示威活动已经开始。
"There is a lot of anger in the streets," said a spokesperson for the Valencia Tenants' Union, where a demonstration has already started.
佩德罗·桑切斯领导的左翼联合政府周五提出的措施，是在此前公众强烈抗议之后出台的。上月，一名87岁女子因无力承担大幅上涨的房租而遭逐出住所，引发公愤。
The measures put forward by Pedro Sánchez's leftist coalition government on Friday followed public outcry over the eviction of an 87-year-old woman from her home last month after she was unable to afford a sharp rent increase.
她的遭遇触发了西班牙全国范围内的抗议，示威者要求降低租金、停止驱逐，并禁止投资基金会——或按政府所称的“秃鹫基金”——收购房产。
Her eviction triggered nationwide protests across Spain with protesters demanding lower rents, an end to evictions, and a ban on investment funds - or "vulture funds" as the government has termed them - buying property.
桑切斯的提案周五在国会遭到失败，使外界进一步猜测他可能提前宣布举行大选；原定明年夏天才到期。
Sanchez's defeat in congress on Friday heightens speculation that he might call an early general election, which was not due until next summer.
他的联合政府由执政的社会主义党和规模较小的伙伴苏马尔联盟组成，在议会中并不占据多数席位。
His coalition government, made up of his ruling Socialist party and junior partner the Sumar alliance, does not command a majority in parliament.
周六，西班牙规模最大的示威活动将在首都马德里举行。示威者已连续数日驻扎在市内主要广场之一——太阳门。
The biggest demonstration in Spain on Saturday is set to take place in the capital Madrid. Demonstrators have been camping in one of the city's main squares, Puerta del Sol, for days.
一名名叫戴维的示威者对西班牙公共广播公司RTVE表示：“我们来这里不是为了享乐或舒适，而是出于信念。”周五晚，马德里租户联盟表示，尽管政府提出的措施仍不够充分，但拒绝相关立法“加剧了正在夺走工人阶级生命的住房危机”。该组织呼吁就住房危机发起全国总罢工。周五提交国会的立法分为两项独立法令。
One protester, David, told Spanish public broadcaster RTVE: "We're not here for pleasure or comfort. We're here out of conviction." On Friday night, the Madrid's Tenants' Union said that although the government's proposed measures were insufficient, the rejection of the proposed legislation "exacerbates the housing crisis which is costing the working class their lives". It is calling for a general strike over the housing crisis. The legislation put forward in Congress on Friday was divided into two separate decrees.
第一项法令包括暂停驱逐弱势租户至2030年、将2028年之前到期的租赁延长两年、增加旅游公寓税收以及限制购买住宅物业所谓的“秃鹫基金”。
The first decree included the suspension of evictions of vulnerable tenants until 2030, a two-year extension to rental leases due to expire before 2028, tax increases for tourist apartments, and a restriction on the purchase of residential properties by so-called "vulture funds".
第二项法令包括自动续签租赁合同，这是许多左翼人士和租户联盟的主要要求。
The second decree included the automatic renewal of rental contracts, a major demand of many on the left and the Tenant's Union.
议员们以178票对172票否决了第一项法令，并以184票对166票反对第二项法令。
MPs rejected the first decree by 178 votes to 172 and voted against the second by 184 to 166.
投票前，保守派人民党（PP）和极右翼Vox已经表示，他们将投票反对这两项倡议，从而使少数党政府依赖于加泰罗尼亚和巴斯克地区较小的民族主义政党的支持。
Prior to the vote, the conservative People's Party (PP) and far-right Vox had already said they would vote against both initiatives, leaving the minority government depending on the support of smaller nationalist parties in Catalonia and the Basque Country.
然而，在议会开会前夕，中右翼支持独立的加泰罗尼亚团结党（JxCat）已表示反对这两项法律，并谴责它们失败。
However, by the eve of the parliamentary session, the centre-right, pro-independence Together for Catalonia (JxCat) had signalled its opposition to both laws, condemning them to failure.
桑切斯的执政联盟匆忙制定了法令法，以平息9月份87岁的马里卡蒙·阿瓦斯卡尔被驱逐时引发的住房抗议活动。
Sánchez's ruling coalition hurriedly drew up the decree laws in an effort to defuse the housing protests that were sparked when 87-year-old Maricarmen Abascal was evicted in September.
社会的强烈反对导致Abascal公寓Urbagestión的所有者公司就她以低租金返回公寓进行谈判。然而，抗议活动仍在继续。
The social backlash led to the company that owns Abascal's flat, Urbagestión, negotiating her return to the flat on a low rent. However, protests have continued.
根据需求和新建筑之间的差距，西班牙央行估计该国缺少70万套住房。
The Bank of Spain estimates the country is short of 700,000 homes, based on the gap between demand and new construction.
根据国家统计机构INE 2026年第二季度的数据，过去一年房价上涨了12.2%。
House prices have risen by 12.2% in the past year, according to figures for the second quarter of 2026 from national statistics institute INE.
房地产公司Idealista的数据显示，租赁住房短缺意味着2025年成本上涨了8.5%，仅马德里的租金就上涨了9.7%。
The shortage in rental housing means that costs rose by 8.5% in 2025, according to real estate firm Idealista, with Madrid alone seeing an increase of 9.7% in rents.
报告称，巴塞罗那和马德里是西班牙租房成本最高的城市，分别为每平方米23.80欧元和每平方米22.70欧元。
It said Barcelona and Madrid were Spain's most expensive cities to rent a home, at €23.80 per square metre and €22.70 per square metre respectively.