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彭博社

保守党考虑取消英国遗产税和儿童保育悬崖边缘Tories Eye End to UK Inheritance Tax and Childcare Cliff Edge

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文/亚历克斯·威克姆 英国保守党领袖凯米·巴德诺克正利用该党的年度大会,呼吁废除遗产税,并将育儿补贴扩大至高收入者。

By Alex Wickham UK Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch is using her party’s annual convention to call for the end of inheritance tax and an expansion of childcare support to higher earners.

为标志着大会的开始,这位反对党领袖在一系列媒体采访中,向英国有进取心的中产阶级选民抛出橄榄枝,呼吁他们重新考虑支持保守党。背景是奈杰尔·法拉奇的“改革英国党”已取得进展,而工党在新首相安迪·伯纳姆的领导下,民调支持率正出现反弹。

In a series of media interviews to mark the beginning of the conference, the opposition leader set out a pitch to Britain’s aspirational middle-class voters to reconsider her party, against a backdrop where Nigel Farage’s Reform UK has made inroads and Labour, under new Prime Minister Andy Burnham, is enjoying a bounce in polls.

“我的原则是遗产税不公平,”巴德诺克对《泰晤士报》表示。“最富有的人不缴纳遗产税,缴纳的只是中产阶级,”她辩称,将这种税收描述为“不道德的”。在截至2024年的纳税年度中,不足5%的英国人缴纳了该税,该税对超过32.5万英镑(约43万美元)的遗产征收40%的税率。这为国库带来了67亿英镑收入。根据预算责任办公室的数据,该税将在截至2025年的年度筹集84亿英镑,到2031年将增至147亿英镑。

“My principle is that inheritance taxes are unfair,” Badenoch told The Times newspaper. “The richest don’t pay them. It is just the middle class,” she argued, describing the levies as “immoral.”In the tax year through 2024, fewer than 5% of Britons paid the tax, which is levied at 40% on estates above £325,000 ($430,000). That raised £6.7 billion for the exchequer. According to the Office for Budget Responsibility, the tax will raise £8.4 billion in the year through 2025, rising to £14.7 billion through 2031.

巴德诺克表示,如果没有资金来源,她不会宣布废除遗产税的计划。“在能够证明我们在财政上可信且负责之前,我不会减税,”她说,同时也暗示这是她的政策方向:“准备好时我们会宣布。”在接受BBC的另一场采访中,巴德诺克承诺保留所谓的“三重锁”机制,该机制保障国家养老金上涨,而伯纳姆曾表示将修改该机制以资助养老护理。她还誓言终结她所谓的“荒谬的悬崖边效应”,即如果父母年收入超过10万英镑,就会失去国家提供的育儿补贴。

Badenoch said she would not announce a plan to scrap inheritance tax without a way to fund it. “I’m not doing tax cuts until I can show that we’re being fiscally credible and fiscally responsible,” she said, while also signaling that was her direction of travel: “When we’re ready we’ll announce.”In a separate interview with the BBC, Badenoch pledged to keep the so-called triple lock prjecting rises in state pensions which Burnham said he would alter to fund elder care. She also vowed to end she called the “absurd cliff edge” that sees parents lose out on state-provided childcare if they earn more than £100,000 a year.

现行制度意味着,如果一方父母收入超过该门槛,全家将不再符合政府资助或免税育儿补贴的资格。财政研究所等智库表示,该制度为收入接近该门槛的人制造了扭曲激励,导致他们放弃加班和晋升机会。

The current system means that if one parent earns above that threshold, the family becomes ineligible for government-funded or tax-free childcare. Think tanks such as the Institute for Fiscal Studies have said the system creates perverse incentives for those nearing the level to eschew longer hours and promotions.

“我们希望看到的是,努力工作的人不会因此受到惩罚,”巴德诺奇在接受英国广播公司(BBC)采访时表示。她说,这将是保守党税制改革提案的“第一步”。

“What we want to see is that people who work harder don’t get punished for doing so,” Badenoch told the BBC. She said this would be the “first step” in Tory proposals to reform the tax system.

在大会召开前夕,保守党还宣布了一项建设5万个新监狱床位的计划,称该计划每年耗资20亿英镑,资金将来自包括削减对外援助支出在内的各项开支削减。

Ahead of the conference, the Tories also announced a plan to build 50,000 new prison places, which they said would cost £2 billion a year and be funded by cuts including to foreign aid spending.

此前,保守党政府曾通过法定要求,规定英国须将国民总收入的0.7%用于海外发展,而工党政府已将这一比例大幅削减至接近0.3%。

The previous Conservative government had instituted a statutory requirement that the UK spends 0.7% of gross national income on overseas development, which the Labour government has slashed to nearer 0.3%.

彭博社周六报道称,伯纳姆上周在工党自身大会上发表演讲,阐述了英国的长期愿景,包括减缓国家养老金的增长、改革选举制度,以及可能让英国重新加入欧盟。这番言论让保守党嗅到了抓住机会、乘势而上的契机。

Bloomberg reported Saturday that Burnham’s speech at Labour’s own conference last week, in which he laid out a long-term vision for Britain including reducing the rise in the state pension, reforming the electoral system and potentially taking the UK back into the European Union, had the Conservatives sensing an opportunity to capitalize.

保守党官员表示,他们认为对手正在将竞选引向传统的左翼与中右翼对抗格局,并补充称,巴德诺奇将在下一届选举中承诺,使保守党成为经济增长、商业繁荣和稳健货币政策的政党。

Tory officials said they saw their opponent setting up a more traditional contest along left-wing and center-right lines, adding that Badenoch would go into the next election pledging to be the party of economic growth, business and sound money.

追溯至该党撒切尔时代的根源,巴德诺奇自称是“一名经典的老派保守派”,并将自己的政党称为“常识政党”,以此呼应其削减福利的计划。

Harking back to the party’s Thatcher-era roots, Badenoch called herself “a classic old school conservative,” and branded her opposition “the common-sense party” in relation to plan to cut welfare.

尽管如此,许多保守党人士怀疑,在2024年选举中遭遇惨败后,他们能否在一个选举周期内扭转颓势。党内官员表示,选民可能需要更长的时间来原谅并忘记莉兹·特拉斯短暂执政期间引发的市场动荡,以及该党执政期间的混乱局面。

Still, many Tories doubt they’ll be able to turn around their fortunes in one electoral cycle after a wipeout in the 2024 election. It would likely take longer than that for voters to forgive and forget the brief market-roiling Liz Truss premiership and their chaotic years in office, party officials said.