Kaukab Shairani Nico Martin 2026年10月5日西伯利亚一家鼠疫研究所的一名工作人员死亡，她的近200名接触者正在接受医学观察。俄罗斯当局否认与细菌感染有关。美国正在密切关注事态发展。
Kaukab Shairani Nico Martin October 5, 2026 A worker at a plague research institute in Siberia has died, and nearly 200 of her contacts are under medical observation. Russian authorities deny a link to the bacterial infection. The US is monitoring the situation.
关于瘟疫您需要了解的信息瘟疫有三种形式，均由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌引起。鼠疫的三种形式是淋巴腺鼠疫、败血症鼠疫和肺鼠疫。
What you need to know about plague There are three forms of plague, all caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. The three forms of plague are bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic.
腺鼠疫是最常见的形式;它不会在人与人之间传播。如果不治疗，细菌可以通过身体和血液移动，引起败血症鼠疫，导致内出血和器官衰竭，如果它们到达肺部，就会引起肺鼠疫。
Bubonic plague is the most common form; it does not spread from person-to-person. If untreated, the bacteria can move through the body and bloodstream, causing septicemic plague, which causes internal bleeding and organ failure, and if they reach the lungs, they cause pneumonic plague.
鼠疫具有高度传染性，因为它可以通过空气在人与人之间传播，例如通过咳嗽。
Pneumonic plague is highly contagious as it can pass from person to person through the air, via coughing, for example.
如果不加治疗，黑死病会导致30-60%的患者死亡。败血症和肺炎未经治疗总是致命的。
If untreated, bubonic plague kills between 30-60% of patients. The septicemic and pneumonic forms are always fatal without treatment.
对俄罗斯鼠疫实验室死亡事件的猜测一名俄罗斯实验室工作人员死亡后，人们猜测肺鼠疫爆发，这是一种高度传染性的肺部细菌感染。俄罗斯否认该社区面临更广泛的风险。
Speculation over the death in a Russian plague laboratory Following the death of a Russian laboratory worker, there is speculation about an outbreak of pneumonic plague, a highly contagious bacterial infection of the lungs. Russia denies there is a broader risk to the community.
俄罗斯官员表示，实验室工作人员的死亡不是由鼠疫病原体引起的。据俄罗斯国际文传电讯社援引俄罗斯疾病控制机构Rosspotrebnadzor报道，这名28岁的男子死于“不明原因肺炎”。据该机构称，从这名妇女身上采集的样本显示没有“与她的职业活动有关的微生物”。“这与早期的信息相矛盾。
Russian officials have said the laboratory worker's death was not caused by a plague pathogen. The 28-year-old died of "pneumonia of unknown origin," according to Russia's Interfax news agency, citing Rospotrebnadzor, Russia's disease-control agency. According to that agency, samples taken from the woman showed no microorganisms "related to her professional activities." This contradicts earlier information.
当地媒体此前曾报道称，这名在一家致力于抗击瘟疫的研究所工作的妇女掉落了一根试管。
Local media had previously reported that the woman, who worked at an institute dedicated to fighting plague, had dropped a test tube.
据报道，她于2026年10月2日星期五在西伯利亚伊尔库茨克附近小镇谢莱霍夫的地区医院去世。
She reportedly died on Friday, October 2, 2026, at the district hospital in Shelekhov, a town near Irkutsk in Siberia.
据俄罗斯官方消息，两家医院和一家儿童诊所已被隔离。当地报道称，该研究所的工作人员正在工作场所接受隔离。美国新闻网站Axios报道称，约200名曾与该女子接触的人已被纳入观察。没有报告其他新增感染病例。
According to official Russian figures, two hospitals and a children's clinic were placed under quarantine. Local reports said staff at the institute were being quarantined at their workplace. The US news site Axios has reported that around 200 people who had been in contact with the woman had been placed under observation. There were no further reported infections.
尽管如此，人们对俄罗斯信息处理方式的不信任依然存在。DW一个俄语社交媒体频道的一名用户写道：“如果这件事现在演变成一场灾难，无论在传播范围还是隔离措施方面，我都不会感到意外。”肺鼠疫：一种发展迅速的肺部感染。截至本文撰写及首次发布时（2026年10月5日），唯一能够确定的是，肺鼠疫具有高度传染性。世界卫生组织将肺鼠疫描述为鼠疫中致病性最强的一型。
Even so, distrust of how Russia handles information persists. On one of DW's Russian-language social media channels, a user wrote: "It wouldn't surprise me if this turns into a disaster now, both in terms of the spread and the quarantine measures." Pneumonic plague: a fast-moving lung infection All that is known for certain, at time of writing and first publication (October 5, 2026), is that pneumonic plague is highly contagious. Pneumonic plague is a form of plague that infects the lungs. Like every form of the disease, it is caused by a bacterium usually found in small mammals, such as rodents and in the fleas that feed on them. World Health Organization describes the pneumonic form as the most virulent type of plague.
其潜伏期可能短至24小时，而且它是唯一一种容易通过患病患者咳嗽时释放的呼吸道颗粒在人与人之间传播的鼠疫类型。因此，世界卫生组织认为，它可能引发严重的流行病。
Its incubation period can be as short as 24 hours, and it is the only form that passes easily from person to person through respiratory particles released when a sick patient coughs. This is why, according to the WHO, it can trigger severe epidemics.
该病症状出现迅速，包括高烧、头痛和乏力，随后会出现迅速恶化的肺炎，伴有呼吸困难、胸痛，以及经常咳血的咳嗽。
Symptoms appear quickly: high fever, headache and weakness, followed by a rapidly worsening pneumonia with shortness of breath, chest pain and a cough that often brings up blood.
人们可能因直接吸入细菌而感染肺鼠疫；当腺鼠疫和／或败血性鼠疫未得到治疗并蔓延至肺部时，也可能发展为肺鼠疫。
A person can catch pneumonic plague by breathing in the bacteria directly, or by developing it when bubonic and/or septicemic go untreated and spread to the lungs.
腺鼠疫与肺鼠疫有何区别：肺鼠疫并非一种单独的疾病，而是鼠疫的三种形式之一：腺鼠疫、败血性鼠疫和肺鼠疫。三者均由同一种细菌引起。
What is the difference between bubonic and pneumonic plague Pneumonic plague is not a separate disease. It is one of three forms of plague: bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic. All are caused by the same bacterium.
真正使两者有所不同的是感染在人体内发生的部位，而这会影响疾病的传播方式及其致命程度。
What sets them apart is where the infection settles in the body, and that shapes how the disease spreads and how deadly it is.
腺鼠疫是最常见的类型，也是大多数人听到“鼠疫”时首先想到的类型。它通常由跳蚤叮咬引起。细菌会扩散至附近的淋巴结，形成疼痛的肿块，称为“鼠疫横痃”。据世界卫生组织称，腺鼠疫很少在人与人之间传播。
Bubonic plague is the most common form and the one most people think of when they hear "plague". It usually follows a flea bite. The bacteria travel to the nearest lymph node, which swells into a painful lump known as a bubo. According to the WHO, it rarely spreads between people.
如果腺鼠疫得不到治疗，细菌可能在人体内进一步扩散。如果细菌进入血液，疾病可能发展为败血型鼠疫，导致皮下出血、手指和脚趾组织坏死以及器官衰竭。如果细菌到达肺部，疾病则会发展为肺鼠疫，这是能够通过空气在人与人之间传播的类型。败血型鼠疫和肺鼠疫也可能在没有首先出现鼠疫横痃的情况下直接发生。
If bubonic plague goes untreated, the bacteria can move further through the body. If they spread into the bloodstream, the disease can become septicemic plague, which causes bleeding under the skin, tissue death in the fingers and toes, and organ failure. If the bacteria reach the lungs, the illness becomes pneumonic plague, the form that can pass from person to person through the air. Both septicemic and pneumonic plague can also develop directly, without a bubo appearing first.
肺鼠疫的治疗：在最初24小时内使用抗生素 肺鼠疫可以治愈，但必须尽早开始治疗。世界卫生组织警告称，如果不治疗，肺鼠疫可在出现首批症状后的18至24小时内致命。
Pneumonic plague treatment: antibiotics within the first 24 hours Pneumonic plague is curable, but only if treatment starts quickly. The WHO warns that without treatment it can kill within 18 to 24 hours of the first symptoms.
常用抗生素可以治愈这种感染，患者在发病后约一天内接受治疗时，康复率很高。
Common antibiotics can cure the infection, and recovery rates are high when patients are treated within about a day of falling ill.
速度决定最终结果。美国疾病控制与预防中心建议医生不要等待实验室检测结果，一旦怀疑患者感染鼠疫，就应立即开始使用抗生素。这些药物本身并不罕见，也不是特殊专用药，而是标准且广泛使用的抗生素，患者通常需要接受一个最长约两周的疗程。世界卫生组织表示，为阻止感染传播，患者应当被隔离，佩戴口罩也有助于保护周围人员。
Speed is what decides the outcome. Doctors are advised not to wait for laboratory confirmation and to start antibiotics as soon as plague is suspected, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The drugs themselves are not rare or specialized. They are standard, widely used antibiotics, and patients usually need a course of up to two weeks. To stop the infection spreading, patients are kept in isolation, and wearing masks helps protect those around them, the WHO says.
预防性抗生素和密切接触者的隔离与患者关系密切的人也会得到治疗，即使他们没有任何症状。世界卫生组织和疾病预防控制中心都建议对肺鼠疫的密切接触者使用为期7天的预防性抗生素疗程。
Preventive antibiotics and isolation for close contacts People who were close to a patient are treated as well, even if they have no symptoms. Both the WHO and the CDC recommend a seven-day course of preventive antibiotics for close contacts of anyone with pneumonic plague.
世界卫生组织不建议公众接种鼠疫疫苗。它为高危群体保留了疫苗接种，例如与细菌一起工作的实验室工作人员和卫生工作者。编辑：Zulfikar Abbany
The WHO does not recommend a plague vaccine for the public. It reserves vaccination for high-risk groups, such as laboratory staff who work with the bacterium and health workers. Edited by: Zulfikar Abbany