世界卫生组织表示，俄罗斯可能出现的肺鼠疫病例在该国境外构成“非常低”的风险。
The World Health Organization says that a possible case of pneumonic plague in Russia poses a "very low" risk outside the country.
杰米·基顿日内瓦--世界卫生组织表示，俄罗斯可能出现的肺鼠疫病例在国外的风险“非常低”，调查人员正在调查上周俄罗斯一名实验室员工死于肺炎的原因。
JAMEY KEATEN GENEVA — The World Health Organization says a possible case of pneumonic plague in Russia presents a “very low” risk outside the country as investigators look into what caused the death from pneumonia of a lab employee there last week.
联合国卫生机构周二表示，在有报道称上周一名在西伯利亚和远东伊尔库茨克抗瘟疫研究所工作的妇女死亡后，该机构已与俄罗斯当局保持联系。
The U.N. health agency said on Tuesday that it has been in contact with Russian authorities following reports of the death last week of a woman who worked at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East.
此案和俄罗斯官员领导的调查让人们重新想起了COVID-19大流行以及有关中国实验室可能出现冠状病毒的指控。世卫组织尚未就疫情如何开始提供明确的答案。以下是有关此案的信息以及专家在该妇女死后如何动员：肺鼠疫是影响肺部的一种疾病。根据世界卫生组织的数据，肺鼠疫的潜伏期--这意味着以肺部为基础的，是该疾病中毒性最强的形式--可能短至24小时。这是一种不太常见但严重的形式，可以通过呼吸道颗粒在人与人之间传播。
The case and the investigation, led by Russian officials, have revived memories of the COVID-19 pandemic and allegations that the coronavirus may have emerged at a Chinese lab. WHO has not provided a definitive answer to how the pandemic began. Here’s what to know about the case and how experts are mobilizing after the woman’s death: Pneumonic plague is a form of the disease that affects the lungs The incubation period for pneumonic plague — which means lung-based and is the most virulent form of the disease — can be as short as 24 hours, according to WHO. It’s a less common but severe form that can spread between people through respiratory particles.
世卫组织表示，如果不加治疗，这种疾病可能是致命的，但如果及时发现和治疗（在症状出现后24小时内），康复率很高。症状包括呼吸急促和咳嗽，通常涉及咳血。
If untreated, the illness can be fatal, but recovery rates are high if detected and treated in time — within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, WHO says. Symptoms include shortness of breath and coughing, often involving the coughing up of blood.
更常见的鼠疫形式--黑死病--是由受感染的跳蚤咬伤引起的，可以发展成充满脓液的开放性疮。
The more common form of plague — bubonic plague — is caused by the bite of an infected flea, and can develop into open sores filled with pus.
肺炎是一种急性呼吸道感染，主要由病毒或细菌引起，通常通过与感染者接触或空气中的飞沫传播。世卫组织说，肺炎是全球儿童死亡的最大单一传染性原因。
Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that is mostly caused by viruses or bacteria, and is spread generally through contact with infected people or from airborne droplets. WHO says pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide.
俄罗斯卫生官员周二表示，通过国际卫生警报系统，俄罗斯已采取了一系列预防措施，包括追踪死者的接触者、医疗监测和实验室检测。
A look at what Russian officials are saying about the case Through an international health alert system, Russian health officials on Tuesday said a full range of preventive measures had been carried out — including tracing of the deceased woman’s contacts, medical monitoring and lab tests.
“检测结果显示，在任何接触者中都没有危险的传染病病原体，”俄罗斯当局的说明说，世卫组织将其转发给美联社。
“Test results showed no presence of dangerous infectious disease pathogens in any of the contacts,” said the note from Russian authorities, which was relayed to The Associated Press by WHO.
“根据现有数据，实验室检测结果和健康状况，对100%接触者的医疗监测现已结束，”它说。“流行病学情况稳定，仍在监测中。”这名妇女在伊尔库茨克郊外谢莱霍夫镇的一家医院死亡，该镇市长表示，该医院已被隔离。俄罗斯国家公共卫生监管机构的高级官员周五前往该地区。
“Based on available data, laboratory test results, and health status, medical monitoring for 100% of the contacts has now been concluded,” it said. “The epidemiological situation is stable and remains under monitoring.”The woman died at a hospital in Shelekhov, a town just outside the city of Irkutsk, and its mayor said the hospital was placed under quarantine. The top officials from Russia’s national public health watchdog traveled to the region on Friday.
周一，克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫建议公众关注监督机构Rosspotrebnadzor的官方声明，而不是“谣言或猜测”。
On Monday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov advised the public to follow official statements from the watchdog agency, Rospotrebnadzor, rather than “rumors or speculation.”
世卫组织已动员自己的专家调查此案世卫组织发言人克里斯蒂安·林德迈尔周二在联合国简报会上表示，这名妇女工作的研究所“研究危险病原体”，包括西伯利亚地区的鼠疫，那里的疾病“自然发生在野生动物身上”。
WHO has mobilized its own experts to look into the case WHO spokesman Christian Lindmeier told a U.N. briefing on Tuesday that the institute where the woman worked “studies dangerous pathogens,” including plague in a part of Siberia where the disease “occurs naturally in wild animals.”
他说，俄罗斯官员尚未要求世卫组织专家部署到俄罗斯，俄罗斯当局正在“调查肺鼠疫是否导致了她的死亡”。最近几天，世卫组织向其日内瓦总部和哥本哈根欧洲区域办事处派出了与调查有关的技术专家，其中包括高威胁病原体专家。
He said Russian officials have not yet asked for WHO experts to deploy to Russia, where authorities are “looking into whether pneumonic plague caused her death.”In recent days, WHO has brought in technical experts to its Geneva headquarters and the European regional office in Copenhagen in connection with the investigation, including specialists in high-threat pathogens.
“世卫组织根据现有信息进行的初步风险评估估计..伊尔库茨克的风险为中至低;整个俄罗斯联邦的风险较低;世卫组织欧洲地区的风险非常低，”林德迈尔说。
“The WHO initial risk assessment from the information available estimates ... the risk to be moderate-to-low for Irkutsk; a low risk for the Russian Federation as a whole; and very low for the WHO European region,” Lindmeier said.
特朗普和卢比奥对此案发表了评论美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周一表示，他正在关注事态发展，美国愿意提供帮助，尽管他表示他尚未与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京谈论此案。
Trump and Rubio have commented on the case U.S. President Donald Trump said on Monday that he was watching the situation with concern and that the United States would be willing to help, though he said he had not spoken to Russian President Vladimir Putin about the case.
当被问及特朗普的言论时，克里姆林宫发言人佩斯科夫周二表示，“提供互助总是很好的。”他不愿进一步详细说明，听从罗斯波特雷布纳佐尔的意见。美国国务卿马可·卢比奥敦促俄罗斯当局分享更多信息。
Asked about Trump’s remarks, Kremlin spokesman Peskov said Tuesday that “it is always very good when mutual assistance is offered.”He wouldn’t elaborate further, deferring to Rospotrebnadzor. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio urged Russian authorities to share more information.
“也许那里什么也没有。也许它比我们想象的要大。我们不知道，”他在冰岛的新闻发布会上说。“我们正在非常密切地关注它，我认为全世界都在非常密切地关注它。”
“Maybe there’s nothing there. Maybe it’s bigger than we thought. We don’t know,” he said at a news conference in Iceland. “We’re watching it very closely and I think the whole world is watching it very closely.”
卢比奥说：“我们鼓励俄罗斯更加透明，并与世界分享更多信息。”他补充说，到目前为止，这“相当有限，但希望这种情况将在未来几个小时和几天内发生改变”。雷丁大学病毒学教授伊恩·琼斯表示，“瘟疫有着悠久的历史，仍然存在于包括俄罗斯在内的世界许多地区”，尽管由于现代生活条件和抗生素的原因，它的潜力有限。
“We encourage Russia to be more transparent and share more information with the world,” Rubio said, adding this has so far been “quite limited, but hopefully that will change in the next few hours and days.”Ian Jones, professor of virology at the University of Reading, said that “plague carries a huge history and is still present in many parts of the world, including Russia,” although because of modern living conditions and antibiotics, its potential was limited.
博士MedStar华盛顿医院中心的格伦·沃特曼（Glenn Wortmann）表示，导致鼠疫的细菌不会“传播很远”，一个人“确实需要与感染者面对面”才能感染肺鼠疫。
Dr. Glenn Wortmann, at the MedStar Washington Hospital Center, said the bacteria that cause plague don’t “travel very far” and a person would “really need to be face-to-face” with an infected person to get pneumonic plague.
他补充说：“这种病毒在俄罗斯广泛传播并蔓延到美国的可能性不会发生，这种细菌不会发生，因为它不容易传播，我们有抗生素来阻止它传播。”
“The chance of this spreading widely in Russia and then extending here to the U.S. will not happen, not with this type of bacteria, because it’s not spread easily and we have antibiotics to stop it from spreading,” he added.
美联社记者达莎·利特维诺娃从爱沙尼亚塔林、马修·李从冰岛雷克雅未克对本文亦有贡献。
Associated Press writers Dasha Litvinova in Tallinn, Estonia, and Matthew Lee in Reykjavik, Iceland, contributed to this report.