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伊拉克寻求增加油轮以控制霍尔木兹海峡过境Iraq Seeks More Oil Tankers in Effort to Control Hormuz Transits

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据萨尔玛·埃尔·瓦尔达尼(Salma El Wardany)和哈立德·阿尔-安萨里(Khalid Al-Ansary)报道,伊拉克计划增租更多油轮;至少有两艘油轮将在未来几天内抵达该国。伊拉克希望加强对通过争议重重的霍尔木兹海峡运输石油的控制。

By Salma El Wardany and Khalid Al-Ansary Iraq is set to hire additional tankers, with at least two arriving over the next few days as the country looks for greater control over moving its oil through the heavily contested Strait of Hormuz.

知情人士透露,伊拉克国有石油运输公司(Iraqi Oil Tankers Co.)预计在未来几天内会租用至少一艘超大型原油运输船(VLCC)和一艘较小的苏伊士max型油轮(Suezmax)。这些人士要求匿名,以免泄露敏感信息。他们还表示,该公司正在重新发布招标文件,以租用更多油轮——此前试图租用两艘或更多油轮的尝试因未能收到合适的报价而失败。

State-owned Iraqi Oil Tankers Co. expects to charter at least one very large crude carrier and a smaller Suezmax in the coming days, people familiar with the matter said, asking not to be identified discussing private information. The company is separately planning to reissue a tender for more tankers after a previous effort to hire two or more freighters was canceled because it didn’t get acceptable offers, the people said.

这一举措标志着伊拉克战略的调整:由于中东地区的战争,通过霍尔木兹海峡的航运活动已变得极其危险,石油运输也面临严重威胁。由于伊拉克自身没有油轮,巴格达不得不提供大幅折扣才能吸引客户冒险将船只驶入海湾深处装载石油货物。

The push marks a shift in Iraq’s plans as the war in the Middle East has made journeys through the Strait of Hormuz perilous for months and imperiled oil shipments. Baghdad has been hit particularly hard because it doesn’t own any tankers of its own, forcing it to offer steep discounts for its crude to entice customers to take the risk of sending ships deep inside the Gulf to load cargoes.

伊拉克石油部及伊拉克石油运输公司(IOTC)均未对相关报道发表评论。

Iraq’s oil ministry and IOTC didn’t respond to requests for comment on the tankers.

伊拉克石油运输公司的总经理阿里·凯斯·阿卜杜勒·贾巴尔(Ali Qais Abdul Jabbar)在周末的视频讲话中表示,该公司“几十年来首次”安排了一艘超大型原油运输船通过霍尔木兹海峡。据知情人士透露,此前伊拉克企业已购买了至少两艘超级油轮;其中一艘油轮的成交价格约为2亿美元(约合2亿美元)。根据全球最大船舶经纪公司克拉克森研究服务公司(Clarkson Research Services Ltd.)的数据,这一价格创下了此类油轮交易的最高纪录。

IOTC loaded a VLCC to sail through Hormuz “for the first time in decades,” Director General Ali Qais Abdul Jabbar said in video comments over the weekend. Previously companies in the country had bought at least two supertankers, with one costing about $200 million in a deal last month, according to people familiar with the matter. That price would make it the biggest ever for such a vessel, based on data from Clarkson Research Services Ltd, a unit of the world’s largest shipbroker.

伊拉克石油部长巴辛·穆罕默德·胡代尔(Basim Mohammed Khudair)周六表示,政府正在努力为伊拉克石油运输公司筹集购买油轮的资金,但未具体说明计划购买的数量或成本。他表示,拥有自己的油轮将有助于提升石油出口量并增加经济效益。

Iraq’s Oil Minister Basim Mohammed Khudair said on Saturday that the government is working to secure funding to buy tankers for IOTC, without specifying how many vessels it intends to acquire or their cost. Owning ships would support exports and increase financial returns, he said.

这一举措的背景是:随着海湾地区石油出口的恢复,对能够通过霍尔木兹海峡航行的有限数量的油轮的需求也在不断增加。据一位官员上月表示,科威特等产油国也在积极寻求购买新的油轮。阿拉伯联合酋长国已投入数十亿美元用于购买油轮;而沙特阿拉伯则拥有庞大的油轮舰队,这使该国在海湾地区拥有明显的竞争优势和更大的灵活性。

The move comes as recovering Gulf oil exports increase demand for the limited pool of tankers available to navigate Hormuz. Producers such as Kuwait are also seeking to purchase vessels, an official said last month. The United Arab Emirates has spent billions of dollars to buy ships while Saudi Arabia has a large fleet, giving them an advantage and greater flexibility over their Gulf neighbors.

需求的激增推动了油轮市场的繁荣,油轮租金已经达到了行业高管们此前认为几乎难以想象的水平。根据伦敦波罗的海交易所的数据,目前沙特阿拉伯至中国的运输航线上的每日收入达到了129万美元;相比之下,2021年至2025年间这一航线的日均收入还不到3万美元。

The demand is creating a boom in the tanker market with rates reaching levels that industry executives said would have been almost unimaginable before the conflict. Daily earnings on the industry’s benchmark Saudi Arabia-to-China trade route are now $1.29 million. In comparison, earnings averaged less than $30,000 a day from 2021 through 2025, according to data from the Baltic Exchange in London.

据一位了解内情的人士透露,伊拉克租用的油轮的租约将持续到今年年底,这些油轮将把原油运送到霍尔木兹海峡,然后再转交给其他船只,以便将原油运出该海峡。多年来,海湾地区的各国一直依赖这一运输渠道将原油交付给客户。

Iraq’s leased tankers, whose charters run until the end of the year, will carry crude through Hormuz and transfer it to other ships outside the chokepoint, one of the people familiar with the matter said. The shuttles through the waterway are a system countries across the Gulf have been using to get their oil to customers.