莫莉·奎尔 荷兰海牙报道——纳维·皮莱是一位经验丰富的南非裔法学家，她于周五荣获诺贝尔和平奖。她因捍卫纳尔逊·曼德拉的权利，以及领导一个认定以色列在加沙实施了种族灭绝行为的调查小组而声名远扬。
MOLLY QUELL The Hague, NETHERLANDS — Navi Pillay, the veteran South African-born jurist who won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday, made a name for herself defending the rights of Nelson Mandela and leading a panel that found that Israel committed genocide in Gaza.
多年来，皮莱还一直在国际法庭担任法官，致力于为卢旺达种族灭绝等暴行受害者伸张正义，并裁决各国之间的法律争议问题。
She has also worked for years as a judge in international courts that have sought to deliver justice for atrocities such as the Rwanda genocide and to adjudicate divisive issues of law between nations.
现年85岁的皮莱是在德国纽伦堡参加一场法律论坛时得知自己获奖的消息的。纽伦堡正是当年审判纳粹战犯的地点，这些审判为现代国际法奠定了基础。
Pillay, 85, heard she had won the prestigious award while attending a law forum in Nuremberg, Germany, the location of the trials of Nazi war criminals that helped lay the foundations of international law.
皮莱的获奖再次引发了人们对美国总统唐纳德·特朗普抨击国际刑事法院的关注。皮莱曾在2003年至2008年间担任该法院的法官。
Pillay’s win brings renewed attention to U.S. President Donald Trump’s attacks on the International Criminal Court, where Pillay was a judge from 2003 to 2008.
国际刑事法院成立于2002年，旨在处理战争罪、危害人类罪、种族灭绝罪以及侵略罪等最严重的国际罪行。美国和以色列并非该法院成员国，但另有125个国家签署了其基础条约《罗马规约》。当各国无力或不愿在本国境内起诉相关罪行时，国际刑事法院便会介入。今年1月，乌克兰正式成为该法院的最新成员国。迄今为止，法院已对11人作出有罪判决。
The court was created in 2002 to be a last stop for the most serious international crimes, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and aggression. The United States and Israel are not members, but 125 other countries have signed the court’s foundational treaty, the Rome Statute. The ICC becomes involved when nations are unable or unwilling to prosecute crimes on their territory. The court’s newest member, Ukraine, formally joined in January. Judges at the court have convicted 11 people.
皮莱在任法官期间参与审理的案件之一涉及刚果武装头目托马斯·卢班加，他是首位被该法院定罪的人。2012年，卢班加因招募童兵而被判处14年监禁。
One of the cases that Pillay was involved with as an ICC judge centered on Congolese warlord Thomas Lubanga , the first to have been convicted at the court. He was sentenced in 2012 to 14 years in prison for conscripting child soldiers.
然而，特朗普指责国际刑事法院带有反美倾向。他的政府还对包括主要检察官以及包括法院日籍院长赤根智子在内的9名法官在内的13名法院工作人员实施了制裁。
But Trump accuses the court of being anti-American and his administration has sanctioned 13 of the ICC’s staff members, among them key prosecutors and nine judges including the court’s Japanese President Tomoko Akane.
在上个月的联合国大会发言中，他敦促各成员国立即退出这个“非法机构”。人们担心整个国际刑事法院可能会遭到制裁，这一举措将严重削弱其伸张正义的能力。
In his speech to the United Nations General Assembly last month, he urged member states to quit the “rogue institution immediately.”There are fears the court as a whole could be sanctioned , a move that could seriously hamper its ability to mete out justice.
皮莱于2008年离开国际刑事法院，出任联合国人权事务高级专员。2019年，她重返海牙，担任另一司法机构——国际法院的法官。
Pillay left the ICC in 2008 to serve as U.N. human rights chief. In 2019 she returned to The Hague, to serve as a judge at another court, The International Court of Justice.
目前，她正以临时法官身份参与国际法院正在审理的针对缅甸的种族灭绝案。
She is currently sitting as an ad hoc judge at the ICJ in the ongoing genocide case against Myanmar.
国际法院创建于二战之后，是联合国的最高司法机关，负责裁决各国之间的争端。包括联合国大会在内的多个联合国机构均可请求由15名法官组成的国际法院提供咨询意见。
Set up in the aftermath of World War II, the ICJ is the highest court of the United Nations and adjudicates disputes between countries. Certain U.N. bodies, including the General Assembly, can request advisory opinions from the court’s 15 judges.
联合国所有193个成员国均为国际法院的成员，不过并非所有国家都自动承认其管辖权。
All 193 U.N. member states are members of the ICJ, though not all of them automatically recognize its jurisdiction.
当某个国家没有本国籍法官进入国际法院的15人常任法官团时，便可自行指定一名专家担任法官。冈比亚在指控缅甸对罗兴亚少数族裔实施种族灭绝时，便选择了皮莱担任其指定法官。
When countries do not have a national on the court’s permanent, 15-judge panel, they can appoint an expert of their choice. Gambia selected Pillay when it accused Myanmar of committing genocide against the Rohingya minority group .
皮莱曾担任卢旺达国际刑事法庭庭长，该法庭是在联合国支持下设立的，旨在起诉1994年卢旺达种族灭绝事件的肇事者。
Pillay served as the head of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the U.N.-backed court established to prosecute the perpetrators of the 1994 Rwandan genocide .
周五，在得知自己获得诺贝尔奖后，皮莱表示，她引以为傲的司法成就之一便是卢旺达国际刑事法庭首次将性暴力定性为战争罪并予以起诉。
Speaking Friday after hearing of the Nobel prize, she said that one of her proudest judicial achievements was the Rwanda tribunal’s groundbreaking prosecutions of sexual violence as a war crime for the first time.
皮莱对记者说，在冲突时期，性暴力往往被视为附带损害，甚至被当作对士兵的奖赏。“我们在卢旺达国际刑事法庭上终于将其认定为国际罪行。我为此感到自豪，”她说。
Sexual violence is often seen as collateral damage or even as a reward for soldiers in times of conflict, Pillay told reporters. “We finally recognized that as an international crime in the Rwandan tribunal. I am proud of that,” she said.
卢旺达法庭也是首个对种族灭绝罪进行起诉的国际法庭。该罪行是在二战及大屠杀之后被正式定义为一类“以全部或部分毁灭某个民族、族群、种族或宗教群体为目的而实施的行为”。作为国际法院的临时法官，皮莱即将裁定这一定义是否适用于缅甸。
The Rwandan Tribunal also was the first international court to prosecute genocide. The crime was codified after WWII and the Holocaust as constituting acts “committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.”In her capacity as ad hoc judge at the ICJ, Pillay will soon rule on whether that definition applies to Myanmar.