英国国内安全局（MI5）正投入比冷战时期更多的资源来应对国家威胁，该情报机构负责人表示。
MI5 is devoting more resource to countering state threats than during the Cold War, the head of the intelligence service has said.
英国国内安全局局长肯·麦卡勒姆爵士表示，俄罗斯仍然是“头号侵略者”，并警告称，由于外国对手的威胁已经“增加了四倍”，MI5目前正面临一种情况，即“我们的反恐和国家威胁行动规模基本相当”。
Sir Ken McCallum said Russia remained "aggressor number one", and warned MI5 was now facing a situation in which "our terrorism and state threats operational missions are pretty much of equal scale" because threats from foreign adversaries have "quadrupled".
他在伦敦国内安全局总部的年度演讲中还警告称，伊朗和“极端右翼恐怖主义”带来的威胁正在上升。
He used an annual speech at the domestic intelligence service's headquarters in London to also warn of rising threats from Iran and "extreme right-wing terrorism".
肯爵士还表示，MI5已经“抓获了试图利用人工智能的恐怖分子”，包括将该技术与无人机结合使用的案例，并警告英国“必须保持领先”，以应对暴力团体研发新型生物武器的风险。
Sir Ken also said MI5 had "caught terrorists seeking to exploit AI", including by integrating the technology with drones - and warned the UK "must stay ahead" of the risk of new bioweapons being developed by violent groups.
MI5负责人表示，俄罗斯正在进行“混合战争”，同时小心避免触发北约的联合反应，他表示克里姆林宫若越界将是“愚蠢的”。
The MI5 head said Russia was waging "hybrid warfare" while carefully avoiding triggering a joint response from Nato, a line which he said the Kremlin would be "foolish to cross".
肯爵士表示，俄罗斯尚未达到“常规冲突”的程度，而是试图动摇欧洲国家，而其在乌克兰的全面入侵进展“微乎其微且代价惨重”。
Sir Ken said Russia had stopped short of "conventional conflict", and is instead trying to unsettle European countries while its progress in its full-scale invasion of Ukraine is "minimal and horrifically costly".
他表示，MI5在识别和驱逐英国境内俄罗斯间谍方面的成功，迫使克里姆林宫只能依赖付费代理人来实施未遂袭击。
He said MI5's successes in identifying and expelling Russian spies from the UK had left the Kremlin dependent on paying proxies for attempted attacks.
他继续说道：“由于自入侵以来近1000人的驱逐行动几乎彻底摧毁了其传统隐蔽行动足迹，克里姆林宫的全球工具箱已经薄弱。因此我们看到他们正在匆忙付钱雇佣罪犯来为他们效力。”
He continued: "With its traditional covert footprint eviscerated by almost 1,000 expulsions since the invasion, the Kremlin's global toolkit is weak. So we see them scrambling to pay criminals to do their bidding."
他补充道：“这些不是一个在战略上占据上风的大国所应有的行为。”与此同时，肯爵士还警告称，伊朗也在英国扩大其混合作战行动。
He added: "These are not the actions of a great power with the strategic upper hand." Meanwhile, Sir Ken warned that Iran is also expanding a hybrid campaign in the UK.
情报机构负责人表示，过去一年，MI5因与伊朗相关的活动已逮捕超过50人。
The intelligence chief said MI5 had made over 50 arrests in the last year over Iran-linked activities.
肯爵士补充称，伊朗的大部分侵略行动针对的是犹太社区，也针对“更硬的目标，如军事设施”。
Much of this Iranian aggression has been aimed at Jewish communities, Sir Ken added, and also at "harder targets, like military sites".
肯爵士补充说，《国家安全法》（该法律于2023年颁布，旨在打击那些为外国势力损害英国利益的人）目前正被广泛使用，不仅用于应对来自中国的威胁，也用于应对来自伊朗和俄罗斯的威胁。
Sir Ken added that the National Security Act - a 2023 law designed to target people working against UK interests for foreign powers - is "in heavy use", and has been employed to tackle threats from China as well as Iran and Russia.
谈到人工智能带来的新威胁时，肯爵士表示：“我们已经发现一些恐怖分子试图利用人工智能来提升他们的侦察和攻击能力；而那些配备了人工智能技术的无人机更是为这种威胁增添了新的复杂性。”他最担心的是极端组织会利用人工智能制造生物武器。肯爵士告诉泰晤士报：“这种威胁目前尚未真正发生，但这项技术有可能改变现有或新型生物武器的威胁程度。”
On the emerging threat posed by AI, Sir Ken said: "We've caught terrorists seeking to exploit AI to improve their reconnaissance and attack methodologies, with AI-enabled drones adding a new twist." The threat he was most worried about, Sir Ken told Thames House, was extremist groups harnessing AI to make bioweapons. He said that threat was "not yet realised" but warned the technology has the "potential to change the stakes on existing or even new bioweapons".
肯爵士继续说道：“这些风险是真实存在的。英国的情报机构——军情五处（MIS）、政府通信总部（GCHQ）和军情十六处（M16）——正在与全球知名的人工智能安全研究所密切合作，共同应对这些挑战。”今年4月，英国的恐怖主义威胁等级五年来首次被提升至“严重”级别，这意味着恐怖袭击的可能性非常高。
Sir Ken continued: "These risks are real. The UK Intelligence Community - MIS, GCHQ, M16 -is working closely with the UK's globally respected AI Security Institute to take them on." In April, the UK's terrorism threat level was raised to severe for the first time in five years, meaning an attack is highly likely.
肯爵士指出，像基地组织和所谓的“伊斯兰国”这样的伊斯兰主义组织仍在策划和煽动恐怖袭击；同时，极右翼恐怖主义的威胁也在显著增加。他强调：“过去一年里，最明显的趋势是那些带有反移民和反穆斯林情绪的极端言论越来越多地演变为恐怖主义行为。”他还提到，极右翼恐怖主义往往针对年轻人，并且这种趋势受到互联网的推动；军情五处最近几个月还在调查一名在英国的13岁极右翼激进分子。
Sir Ken said Islamist groups like Al Qaeda and so-called Islamic State both "continue to direct and inspire attacks", while the increased risk was also driven "in significant part" by extreme right-wing terrorism. He continued: "Over the last year the most marked trend has been an increase in cases where extremist versions of anti-immigration and anti-Muslim grievance are tipping into terrorist intent." Sir Ken said extreme right-wing terrorism tends to "skew young", driven by the internet - adding that MI5 had in recent months investigated a "radicalised extreme right-wing 13-year-old here in the UK".
肯爵士表示：“那次调查为我们提供了一个重要线索，使我们的一位国际合作伙伴得以在其境内阻止了一起致命的恐怖袭击。”
He said: "That investigation generated insight that enabled one of our international partners to prevent a lethal attack on their soil."