英国国内安全局（MI5）局长警告称，人工智能（AI）正在“加剧”对英国的安全威胁，包括恐怖分子和国家可能研发新型杀伤性生物武器的潜在风险。英国国内安全局局长肯·麦卡勒姆爵士透露，该局今年已启动一个评估中心，以审视AI相关风险，此举正值人们对某种形式的自决超级智能可能对全人类构成威胁的担忧日益加剧之际。
Artificial intelligence (AI) is "supercharging" security threats to the UK, including the potential development by terrorists and states of new killer bioweapons, the head of MI5 has warned. The Security Service has launched an assessment centre this year to examine AI risks, Sir Ken McCallum revealed, amid concerns about the possibility of some form of self-deciding super intelligence posing a danger to the whole of humanity."
“人类历史从未让我们经历过面对比我们更聪明、能够超越我们思考的行为体的情形，”局长在周二的年度威胁演讲中表示。“这确实是前所未有的，值得它所受到的关注，包括在MI5内部。”该情报首脑还强调了更为传统威胁的增长和蔓延。他表示，过去十年，MI5处理的涉及敌对国家的案件增加了四倍，主要来源于俄罗斯、伊朗和中国。
Human history has given us no experience of facing an actor which is smarter than we are, is capable of out-thinking us," the director general said in an annual threat speech on Tuesday." This is genuinely novel and deserves the attention it is getting, including in MI5." The spy chief also highlighted the growth and spread of more conventional threats. He said that MI5 is dealing with a fourfold increase over the past decade in cases involving hostile states, primarily from Russia, Iran and China.
包括破坏、暗杀企图、网络攻击和纵火在内的阴谋数量之大，以至于该机构如今必须将更多资源用于应对外国势力构成的风险，这在整个冷战时期都是前所未有的。“《国家安全法》的使用频率远超我们及警方同事的预期，自该法生效以来的三年里已有数十人被捕，”麦卡勒姆爵士称。仅在过去几周内，就与伊朗相关的格洛斯特郡皇家空军费尔福德基地安全事件以及剑桥郡一处被美军和北约军事情报人员使用的空军基地的无关安全漏洞，分别发生了多起逮捕行动。
The volume of plots - including sabotage, assassination attempts, cyber attacks and arson - is so great that the agency is now dedicating more of its resources to countering the risk posed by foreign powers than at any time during the whole of the Cold War." The National Security Act is in heavy use, more so than even we and our police colleagues had anticipated, with dozens of arrests in the three years since it came into force," Sir Ken said. There have been multiple arrests in the past couple of weeks alone in relation to a security incident linked to Iran at RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire and an unrelated breach at an airbase in Cambridgeshire used by US and NATO military intelligence personnel.
肯恩爵士表示，俄罗斯仍然是头号“侵略者”，其间谍和代理力量针对英国及其盟友发动袭击，这些袭击故意控制在常规战争门槛之下，“尽管有时离门槛也不远”。
Sir Ken said Russia remained the number one "aggressor", with its spies and proxy forces targeting the UK and its allies with attacks that deliberately sit under the threshold of conventional warfare "though sometimes not much short".The Kremlin is using criminals and other "volunteers" to carry out these hostile actions because many of its own professional spies and military operators have been expelled from the UK and other European states.
克里姆林宫正利用罪犯和其他“志愿者”实施这些敌对行动，因为其许多专业间谍和军事行动人员已被英国和其他欧洲国家驱逐。伊朗也在使用同类外包战术。“坚定不移的回应”肯恩爵士表示，过去一年英国已逮捕50多名涉嫌与伊朗有关行动的个人。这些案件包括一波针对犹太社区的纵火和破坏事件。据军情五处负责人透露，军事基地现在也已成为目标之一。
The same kind of outsourcing tactic is also being used by Iran. 'An unflinching response'Sir Ken said the UK has arrested more than 50 individuals in the past year over Iranian-linked operations. These included a wave of arson and sabotage incidents targeting Jewish communities. Military bases have also now joined the target list, according to the MI5 boss.
首相安迪·伯纳姆本周指责伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队涉及费尔福德皇家空军基地的安全事件，导致部署在那里的美国轰炸机被撤回美国。
Prime Minister Andy Burnham this week accused Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of involvement in the security incident at RAF Fairford that resulted in US bomber aircraft based there being withdrawn to the United States.
军情五处局长因该案正在调查中，对该具体案件能透露的信息有限。但他示意这属于一种新趋势。
The MI5 director general was limited on what he could say about that specific case because it is an ongoing investigation. But he signalled that it was part of a new trend."
他说：“今年另一个重大转变是伊朗企图攻击更硬的目标，如军事设施。”
The other major shift this year has been Iranian ambitions to come at harder targets, like military sites," he said.
随后他发出警告：“那些企图在英国街头制造混乱的人——无论是此处的雇佣暴徒还是海外的金主——都将遭遇坚定不移的回应。”天空新闻更多报道：致命民宅火灾引发谋杀调查执行死刑失败的911呼叫录音公布人工智能可“改变赌注”关于人工智能，肯恩爵士表示，这项新兴技术带来的国家安全风险是真实存在的。
He then issued this warning: "Those who seek to cause mayhem on British streets - whether hired thugs here or their paymasters overseas - will meet an unflinching response." More from Sky News:Murder investigation launched into fatal house fireFailed execution 911 calls releasedAI can 'change the stakes'On artificial intelligence, Sir Ken said the national security risks posed by this emerging technology are real."
他在位于伦敦的军情五处总部发表演讲时说：“如今人工智能已在极大程度上助推攻防双方的网络安全较量。”“它能制作针对个人量身定制的宣传和极端化材料。”
Today AI is already supercharging the cybersecurity contest between attackers and defenders," he said in his speech at MI5's headquarters in London." It can produce propaganda and radicalising material tailored to the individual.
我们已经抓获了试图利用人工智能改进其侦察和攻击方法的恐怖分子，而配备人工智能的无人机正在为这一威胁增添新的变化。“尚未实现 — — 但我认为最值得重视的误用案例 — — 是人工智能有可能改变现有甚至全新生物武器的风险程度。”这意味着该技术可能帮助此前曾试图但未成功发展生物武器能力的恐怖组织或敌对国家实现其野心，除非采取适当的防护措施来防止人工智能被以这种方式利用。
We've caught terrorists seeking to exploit AI to improve their reconnaissance and attack methodologies, with AI-enabled drones adding a new twist." Not yet realised - but the misuse case to which I'd attach greatest weight - is AI's potential to change the stakes on existing or even new bioweapons." This means the technology could help terrorist groups or hostile states that have previously sought unsuccessfully to develop a bioweapons capability now achieve that ambition unless the right guardrails are in place to prevent AI from being exploited in such a way.
此外，人工智能还可能被用于开发全新的、尚未被发现的生物武器，例如通过扭曲常见病原体使其成为致命的瘟疫。“这些风险是真实存在的，”肯爵士说。“英国情报界 — — MI5、GCHQ、MI6 — — 正与英国备受全球尊敬的人工智能安全研究所密切合作，以应对这些威胁。”其中一部分工作是成立人工智能威胁评估中心，该中心将设在MI5内，并将吸纳政府其他部门的专业知识。
There is also the possibility of AI being used to develop entirely new as yet undiscovered biological weapons, such as by distorting common germs into deadly plagues." These risks are real," Sir Ken said." The UK intelligence community - MI5, GCHQ, MI6 - is working closely with the UK's globally respected AI Security Institute to take them on." Part of this is the creation of the AI Threat Assessment Centre, which will be housed in MI5 and will also draw on expertise from other parts of government."
“该团队正在制作综合评估报告，以区分夸张言论与实际威胁，”MI5局长表示。在更广泛的议题中，这位情报首长向公众传递了信息，敦促全国上下增强韧性。他说：“当你听到'国家安全'时，不要只想到乌克兰、海底电缆、武装无人机或网络武器。还要想想你居住的地方，你工作的地方。想想为你家供电的电网中出现的波动……我们每个人都与国家安全息息相关。”
This team is producing all-source assessments which separate the bluster from the realities," the MI5 chief said. In a broader theme, the spy chief had a message for the public as he urged the whole country to be more resilient. He said: "When you hear 'national security', don't just think of Ukraine, subsea cables, armed drones or cyber weapons. Think also of the place where you live, where you work. Think of the flicker in the power grid supplying your home… We all have a stake in our national security."