巴黎，10月13日 - 随着欧洲就旨在提升本地制造业的新本地内容规则展开辩论，中国汽车制造商已经在整个大陆建设工厂和供应链，在措施最终确定之前就抢先行动。
PARIS, Oct 13 - As Europe debates new local-content rules aimed at boosting local manufacturing, Chinese automakers are already building factories and supply chains across the continent, getting ahead of the measures before they have even been finalised.
欧盟提出的“欧洲制造”规则是计划中的工业加速法案的一部分，旨在通过鼓励欧洲内部更多制造和采购来加强该集团的工业基础。这些措施还将推动寻求进入欧盟市场的外国制造商在本地生产更多商品并依赖欧洲供应商。
The European Union's proposed "Made in Europe" rules, part of a planned Industrial Accelerator Act, are designed to strengthen the bloc's industrial base by encouraging more manufacturing and sourcing within Europe. The measures would also push foreign manufacturers seeking access to the EU market to produce more goods locally and rely on European suppliers.
该计划的提出正值中国汽车制造商在欧洲市场份额快速增长，且更多新进入者即将到来之际。
The plan comes as Chinese automakers have rapidly gained market share in Europe, with more entrants on the way.
但“欧洲制造”在欧洲内部引发了政治争议，争议焦点在于哪些国家应被纳入该规则的适用范围。
But "Made in Europe" has sparked a political dispute within Europe over which countries should be covered by the rules.
与此同时，许多中国汽车制造商似乎不愿等待结果。他们正在推进本地化计划，在任何新要求的细节最终确定之前，就扩大在欧洲的制造和供应商网络。
Many Chinese automakers, meanwhile, appear unwilling to wait for the outcome. Pressing ahead with localisation plans, they are expanding manufacturing and supplier networks in Europe before the details of any new requirements are settled.
在中国遭遇电动汽车价格战和销售放缓的情况下——中国是全球最大的汽车市场——中国汽车制造商越来越将欧洲视为关键的增长机遇。
Battered by an EV price war and slowing sales in China, the world's largest auto market, Chinese automakers increasingly see Europe as a key growth opportunity.
“我们致力于建设本地生产能力并在此探索机遇，”长安汽车赵飞在巴黎车展上对记者表示。
"We are committed to building our local production capacity and exploring opportunities here," Changan Automobile Zhao Fei told reporters at the Paris car show.
赵飞表示，他已经两次访问欧洲，与供应商进行了“深入讨论”，并且也在与欧洲汽车制造商就共同生产汽车进行谈判。
Zhao said he had already visited Europe twice for "in-depth discussions" with suppliers and was also talking to European automakers about producing vehicles together.
长安汽车计划到2028年在欧洲年产18万辆汽车，到2030年达到35万辆。公司总裁表示，他希望长安能够在2027年初在欧洲生产首辆汽车，远早于任何欧盟本地内容要求预计生效的时间。
Changan plans to make 180,000 cars a year in Europe by 2028 and 350,000 by 2030, The company's president said he hopes Changan can build its first vehicle in Europe in early 2027, well before any EU local-content requirements are expected to take effect.
其他中国汽车制造商，包括小鹏、奇瑞和广汽，也正在围绕本地供应基地推进欧洲生产计划。
Other Chinese automakers, including Xpeng, Chery and GAC, are also pursuing European production plans built around local supply bases.
小鹏汽车副总裁郑义庆在谈及在欧洲扩充产能的计划时表示：“我们计划在‘欧洲制造’规则生效的同时启动生产。”目前，麦格纳已在奥地利为小鹏汽车生产电动汽车。
"We're looking to start production at the same time" as 'Made in Europe' rules take effect, Xpeng Vice President Yeqing Zheng said of plans to add production capacity in Europe. Magna already builds EVs for Xpeng in Austria.
一些行业专家指出，中国汽车制造商的扩张步伐快于欧盟政策制定者的反应速度，这引发了人们对最终规则实际影响力大小的质疑。
Some industry experts argue Chinese automakers are moving faster than EU policymakers, raising questions about how much impact the final rules will have.
美国汽车行业游说团体“汽车创新联盟”的首席执行官约翰·博泽拉称，在美国看来，欧洲在应对中国竞争方面行动迟缓，堪称一个“警示案例”。
John Bozzella, CEO of US auto industry lobby group Alliance for Automotive Innovation, said Europe is viewed as a "cautionary tale" in the US for acting too late in response to Chinese competition.
目前美国参议院正在推动一项永久禁止中国汽车进口的法案，博泽拉表示此举反映了美国对数据安全的担忧。
The US Senate is working to pass a bill permanently banning Chinese cars, which Bozzella said reflects concerns over data security.
他说道：“各项政策举措似乎都是针对欧洲的市场现实而制定的；但在美国，各方均主张‘应尽早着手解决这些问题’。”“我们共同成长”在巴黎车展的演讲中，大众汽车首席执行官奥利弗·布鲁姆力挺“欧洲制造”理念，称“一个强大的欧洲离不开强大的汽车产业”。
"The policy responses seem to be happening in response to market realities in Europe," he said. "But in the US all sides are saying, 'let's try and address these issues up front.'" 'WE GREW TOGETHER' In a speech at the Paris motor show, Volkswagen CEO Oliver Blume backed 'Made in Europe', saying "a strong Europe depends on a strong industry".
不过目前的提案将土耳其、英国及摩洛哥等非欧盟国家排除在外，而这些国家的汽车生产及供应商网络与欧洲汽车产业联系极为紧密。
But in its current form, the proposal excludes non-EU countries such as Turkey, Britain and Morocco, where vehicle production and supplier networks are deeply integrated with Europe's automotive industry.
在这些国家开展业务的汽车制造商以及当地行业组织均认为，仅将“欧洲”的定义限定为欧盟范围会破坏整个区域已形成的供应链体系。
Automakers with operations in those countries, along with local industry groups, argue that limiting the definition of Europe to the EU would damage supply chains that have developed across the wider region.
土耳其汽车工业出口商协会指出，该国汽车产业为欧盟创造了25万个就业岗位。
Turkey's Automotive Industry Exporters' Association (OIB) says the country's automotive industry supports 250,000 EU jobs.
以福特在土耳其生产的电动Transit厢式车为例，其零部件成本中超过50%来自欧盟供应商——包括产自匈牙利和波兰的电池，以及来自德国、意大利等地的各类零部件。
More than 50% of the parts by value in Ford's Turkish-made electric Transit vans come from EU suppliers, including batteries from Hungary and Poland and components from Germany, Italy and elsewhere.
土耳其汽车工业出口商协会主席凯马尔·亚兹吉说道：“我们共同成长。土耳其是欧洲汽车产业不可或缺的一部分。”
"We grew together," said OIB chairman Kemal Yazici. "Turkey is an integral part of Europe's" auto industry.
在起草当地内容规则的同时，欧盟还与中国达成了一项协议，将混合动力汽车进口到欧盟的数量削减一半以上。
Alongside drafting local content rules, the EU has also brokered a deal with China to more than halve hybrid vehicle imports into the bloc.
当被问及此事时，奇瑞汽车董事长尹同跃对路透社表示，公司将首先研究该协议的细节。但他更感兴趣的是讨论奇瑞在欧洲的计划。
When asked about the deal, Chery Chairman Yin Tongyue told Reuters the company would first study the details. But he was more interested in discussing Chery's plans for Europe.
“我们希望在当地进行设计，”尹说。“我们希望拥有当地的工程、当地的生产和当地的供应链。”汽车分析师费利佩·穆诺兹表示，中国汽车制造商不太可能因政策争论而却步，因为他们已经展示出能够“快速做任何事情”的能力。
"We want to design locally," Yin said. "We want to have local engineering, local production and a local supply chain." Automotive analyst Felipe Munoz said Chinese automakers were unlikely to be deterred by the policy debate as they have demonstrated an ability to "do anything, very fast".
当欧盟在2024年10月对中国制造的电动汽车征收关税时，许多企业将注意力转向了免关税的插电式混合动力汽车。
When the EU imposed tariffs on Chinese-made EVs in October 2024, many shifted their focus to tariff-free plug-in hybrids.
“欧洲制造”正“让中国企业的生活变得有些困难，”穆诺兹说。“但这不会阻止他们。”
'Made in Europe' is "making life a bit more difficult for the Chinese," Munoz said. "But it won't stop them."