根据国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的最新分析，2024年全球新增的癌症病例中约有八分之一（共计230万例）与感染有关。
About one in eight new cancer cases worldwide in 2024 — 2.3 million cases — have been linked to infections, according to a new analysis from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
研究人员确定了12种与人类癌症发病相关的特定感染源，包括幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、Epstein–Barr病毒（EBV）、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus）、血吸虫（Schistosoma haematobium）、HTLV-1、华支睾吸虫（Opisthorchis viverrini）、华支睾吸虫（Clonorchis sinensis）、默克尔细胞多瘤病毒（Merkel cell polyomavirus）以及HIV。其中，以下五种感染源导致了全球绝大多数癌症病例。
The researchers identified 12 specific infections that were linked to human cancer cases, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Schistosoma haematobium, HTLV-1, Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, Merkel cell polyomavirus and HIV. The following five infections contributed to nearly all the global cases.
一项重要研究发现：人们日常普遍的饮酒习惯可能会使患致命癌症的风险增加近两倍。
“这些研究结果凸显了感染控制对于减轻全球癌症负担的重要作用，”该研究的共同作者、IARC癌症监测部门的科学家哈丽特·拉姆盖（Harriet Rumgay）博士在新闻稿中表示。
POPULAR DAILY DRINKING HABIT COULD NEARLY TRIPLE RISK OF DEADLY CANCER, MAJOR STUDY FINDS "The findings underscore the major role that infection control can play in reducing the global cancer burden," said study co-author Dr. Harriet Rumgay, a scientist in the Cancer Surveillance Branch at IARC, in a press release.
“尽管在疫苗接种和筛查方面取得了进展，但由感染引起的癌症仍然是一个全球性的重大挑战，且其影响主要集中在低收入和中等收入国家的人群中。”
"Despite progress in vaccination and screening, infection-related cancers remain a major global challenge, with the burden falling disproportionately on populations in low- and middle-income countries."
研究人员指出，许多这类癌症本可以通过疫苗接种、治疗或筛查来预防。
这项研究在法国进行，分析了2024年的癌症数据，研究结果于9月28日发表在《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》（The Lancet Oncology）杂志上。
CANCER DOCTOR REVEALS 5 HABITS THAT MAY REDUCE DISEASE RISK AND IMPROVE OUTCOMES The researchers say many of these cancers could have been prevented through vaccination, treatment or screenings. The study, conducted in France, analyzed cancer data from 2024.
研究人员也承认，这项研究存在一些局限性：由于该研究使用的是基于人群水平的统计数据而非对个体患者进行长期跟踪的数据，因此研究结果受到各国癌症数据质量的影响；此外，研究仅纳入了已被证实会导致癌症的感染源，因此实际影响可能被低估了。
The findings were published in The Lancet Oncology on Sept. 28. The study had several limitations, the researchers acknowledged. Because the study used population-level estimates rather than tracking individual patients over time, the results depended on the quality of available cancer data in each country.
“我们知道，在我们的一生中，会接触到某些病原体，这些病原体可能会增加患某些癌症的风险，”加州尔湾市希望之城（City of Hope）妇科癌症项目的医疗主任约书亚·科恩（Joshua Cohen）博士在接受福克斯新闻数字频道（Fox News Digital）采访时说道。
Additionally, it only included infections already proven to cause cancer, so the total impact could be underestimated. "We know that there are certain infections that we are exposed to over our lifetime that may result in an increased risk of certain cancers," Dr. Joshua Cohen, medical director of the Gynecologic Cancer Program of City of Hope Orange County in Irvine, California, told Fox News Digital.
“然而，大多数癌症并非由感染引起的。”随着年轻成年人中癌症病例的激增，医生们正在推广新的结肠癌检测方法。科恩指出，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是导致直肠、阴道、宫颈以及口咽部（喉咙后部）癌症的最常见致病因素之一；不过他并未参与这项研究。
"However, most cancers are not caused by infection." DOCTORS PUSH NEW BLOOD TESTS FOR COLON CANCER AS CASES SURGE IN YOUNGER ADULTS HPV is one of the most common drivers of cancers that arise along the rectum, vagina or cervix, as well as the oropharynx (back of the throat), according to Cohen, who was not involved in the study.
“80%的人口都接触过某些类型的HPV病毒，”他说，“美国每年约有4万人被诊断出患有这些癌症。”科恩表示，对于大多数接触过HPV病毒的人来说，人体能够自行清除这种病毒。
"Eighty percent of the population has been exposed to certain types of HPV strains," he said. "About 40,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with these cancers each year." For most people who are exposed to HPV, the body will clear the virus on its own, Cohen said.
“我们还不清楚为什么有些人的免疫系统能够成功清除HPV感染，而有些人却无法做到这一点。”他还提到，另一种较为常见的癌症是胃癌，这种癌症与幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染有关。
"We don't know why some patients' immune systems allow them to clear the HPV infection and some don't." Another very common cancer, although less so in the U.S., is gastric cancer, he noted, which is linked to H. Pylori, an infection in the stomach.
通过我们的最新生活方式问卷来检测自己吧！“在美国，并不是所有人都会接受幽门螺杆菌的检测——这种感染在东南亚等地区更为普遍，”医生建议说，“但患有消化性溃疡或严重上腹部疼痛的人应该咨询胃肠病专家，了解是否需要接受幽门螺杆菌的检测和治疗。”科恩认为，人们可以采取一些措施来降低因感染而患癌症的风险。
"We don't screen everybody for H. pylori in the U.S. — it's more common in other parts of the world, like Southeast Asia." However, those who have peptic ulcer disease or significant epigastric pain should talk with a gastroenterologist about getting screened and treated for H. Pylori, the doctor advised. There are things people can do to reduce the risk of infection-related cancers, according to Cohen.
“作为患者，最重要的是要关注自己的健康，思考自己能做些什么来预防这些感染，以及如何保护家人，”他说，“如果你确实感染了某种病原体，那么你可以采取哪些措施来降低患癌症的风险呢？”科恩强调，美国人可以接种HPV疫苗，从而有效预防许多这类感染。
"As a patient, the most important thing is to think about your health, what you can do to prevent yourself from developing these infections or your family," he said. "And if you do have one of these infections, what can you do to reduce your risk of developing a subsequent cancer?" Cohen emphasized that Americans have access to an HPV vaccination that can help prevent many of these infections.
点击此处查看更多健康资讯：“如果你未满 45 岁且尚未接种 HPV 疫苗，那么有大量可靠的安全性数据表明你确实应该接种疫苗，”他说。“至少在美国，这种疫苗可以预防口咽癌、阴道癌、宫颈癌、阴茎癌和肛门癌等大多数相关疾病。”医生再次强调：感染这些病毒并不一定会导致癌症的发生。
CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES "If you’re under the age of 45, and you've not had an HPV vaccination, there is various good safety data that you should get vaccinated," he said. "That will cover, at least in the U.S., most risks regarding oropharyngeal cancers, vaginal cancers, cervical cancers, penile cancers and anal cancers." The doctor reiterated that developing one of the listed infections doesn’t necessarily mean someone will develop cancer.
“绝大多数感染 HPV、幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）、乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎的患者并不会发展成癌症，”他说。
"The vast majority of patients who have an HPV infection or H. Pylori, or even hepatitis B or C, are not going to develop cancer," he said.
不过，由于这些感染与某些癌症有关，因此及时接受治疗非常重要。”医生警告称：上腹部疼痛、胃酸倒流、异常阴道出血或吞咽困难等症状可能与某些感染或癌症有关。
But because these infections have been associated with certain cancers, it’s important to seek treatment for them. Symptoms such as epigastric pain (pain or discomfort in the upper middle part of your abdomen), acid reflux, abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain with swallowing could be related to medical conditions that may be associated with certain infections or cancer, the doctor warned.
“作为医生，我们可以采取一些措施来保护患者的健康，并有望降低那些已经感染病毒的人患癌症的风险，”科恩补充道。
"There are steps we can take as doctors to keep you safe and hopefully reduce the risk of developing cancer for those that have had an infection," Cohen added.