记者穆萨·卡卡自8月31日起一直下落不明。当天，他离开位于尼日尔首都尼亚美的萨拉乌尼亚广播电视台的办公室后便打算回家，但此后家人再未见到他，尼日尔当局也未对此事作出任何解释。塞内加尔人权活动家阿里乌内·蒂内认为，尼日尔当局可能与他的失踪事件有关。
Journalist Moussa Kaka has been missing since 31 August, when he left the offices of radio and television station Saraounia in the capital, Niamey, to return home. His family has not seen him since and the Nigerien authorities have offered no explanation. Alioune Tine, a Senegalese human rights activist, believes they are implicated in his disappearance.
穆萨·卡卡是尼日尔新闻界的杰出人物，曾担任法国国际广播电台（RFI）的记者，他在尼日尔从事新闻报道工作已有三十多年。此前，他曾在2007年9月至2008年10月期间因被指控与“图阿雷格正义运动”（MNJ）的领导人会面而威胁国家安全而被关押在尼亚美。
Kaka, a prominent figure in Nigerien journalism and a former RFI correspondent, has spent more than three decades reporting from the country. He was previously imprisoned in Niamey from September 2007 to October 2008, accused of complicity in threatening state security or authority after interviewing leaders of the Tuareg-led Niger Movement for Justice (MNJ).
新闻自由组织“无国界记者”（Reporters Without Borders, RSF）呼吁对这起失踪事件展开调查，并表示有充分理由怀疑尼日尔军方参与了此事。该组织此前已将此案提交给联合国强迫失踪问题委员会，同时也向非洲联盟的言论自由与信息获取问题特别报告员反映了情况。
Press freedom group Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is calling for an investigation into his disappearance, saying it has strong reason to believe the country's military authorities are involved. It has now referred the case to the United Nations Committee on Enforced Disappearances having previously referred it to the African Union's special rapporteur on freedom of expression and access to information.
专注于非洲民主与安全的智库Afrikajom的创始人阿里乌内·蒂内在接受法国国际广播电台采访时指出，这起事件反映了尼日尔公民空间日益恶化的趋势——自2023年7月阿卜杜拉赫曼·蒂亚尼将军领导的军方通过政变掌权以来，尼日尔的公民权利状况持续恶化。
法国国际广播电台评论道：“距离我们最后一次收到穆萨·卡卡的消息已经过去一个月了，您对此有何看法？”
Tine, founder of the Afrikajom think tank which focuses on democracy and security in Africa, spoke to RFI about the case. He believes it is part of a wider deterioration of the civic space in Niger since the military, led by General Abdourahamane Tiani, took power in a coup in July 2023 Former RFI journalist disappears in Niger after attempted coup RFI: It’s now been a month since we last heard from Moussa Kaka.
阿里乌内·蒂内回应道：“这非常令人担忧，也难以理解，尤其是在军方掌权的国家里。政府本应保护人民的生命和基本自由。我们非常担心穆萨·卡卡的安危，迫切希望看到他能平安无事的明确证据。”
What does that make you think? Alioune Tine: It is extremely worrying and difficult to understand, particularly in a country where the military is in power.
我们认识他是一位非常出色的职业记者。我个人也与他有过接触。在 2007 年和 2008 年期间，当他被关押在监狱里时，我曾出面干预，协调了 RFI 与马马杜·坦贾总统之间的谈判，最终使他获得了释放。
We should be able to protect people's lives and fundamental freedoms. We are very concerned. We strongly want to see clear, concrete signs that Moussa Kaka is alive. We knew him as a professional journalist who did fantastic work.
我们知道该如何联系到卡卡（Moussa Kaka）。我们可以向当局反映卡卡的情况，表达我们对他的关切，并希望他能重获自由、继续从事他的工作。一旦建立了沟通渠道，人们开始积极协商，卡卡最终就被释放了。
I knew him personally. I intervened in 2007 and 2008, when he was in prison. I mediated between RFI and president Mamadou Tandja and he was released. But we knew where to find Kaka. We could speak to the authorities about Moussa Kaka and his freedom.
我们现在请求现任当局，尤其是蒂亚尼将军（General Tiani），允许我们与他见面，表达我们的担忧，并希望得到关于卡卡的最新消息，希望看到他能够重获自由并继续履行自己的职责。
Once there was a connection and people were talking, Moussa was freed. We're asking the current authorities, and particularly General Tiani to give us the opportunity to speak with him, to express our concerns and desire to have news of Moussa Kaka, to see him free and continuing to do his work as usual.
RFI（无国界记者组织）：那么，在你们看来，这属于“强迫失踪”（即他人被非法关押、无法自由行动的情况）吗？
RFI: So, for you, is this an enforced disappearance?
我们认为这确实属于“强迫失踪”，因为主要责任在于尼日尔当局。我们郑重呼吁尼日尔当局告诉我们卡卡的下落，确认他是否还活着；如果他还活着，就应该立即将他释放。他的家人正承受着巨大的痛苦和焦虑。
It is an enforced disappearance because responsibility lies first and foremost with the Nigerien general, whom we solemnly call on to tell us where Moussa Kaka is, whether he is still alive and, if he is alive, to release him. His family is extremely anxious.
尼日尔军政府统治已持续三年，暴力事件不断升级，公民自由也遭到严重侵犯。
Niger’s junta marks three years amid rising violence and lost freedoms RFI: Reporters Without Borders believes the Nigerien authorities are involved in his disappearance.
无国界记者组织认为尼日尔当局与卡卡的失踪事件有关。由多个尼日尔民间社会组织组成的“G25”联盟表示，根据他们的调查，卡卡可能被一个名为 DGDSE 的情报机构扣押。你们认为这一说法可信吗？
The G25, which brings together several Nigerien civil society organisations, says that according to its investigation, Kaka is being held by an intelligence service called the DGDSE. Do you find this information credible?
我们完全相信这一说法的真实性——因为在尼日尔，独立行使公民权利、自由表达意见的民间活动家正面临越来越大的压力。该国的公民空间已经严重恶化，人权状况也不断恶化。所有这些迹象都表明，那些认为卡卡被尼日尔情报机构扣押的人所提供的信息是可靠的，必须予以重视。我们必须要求那些负有责任的人——也就是尼日尔当局——立即释放卡卡。卡卡的被捕和被迫失踪行为毫无正当理由可言。
Completely credible, because it’s becoming increasingly difficult in Niger to be an independent civil society activist who acts independently and says what they think. There has been an enormous deterioration in civic space, with human rights violations. All of this means that the people and organisations who believe he is being held hostage by the Nigerien intelligence services have information that is credible today, and that must be taken seriously. We have to ask those responsible – that means the Nigerien authorities – to release Moussa Kaka. There is absolutely nothing to justify the arrest and enforced disappearance of Moussa Kaka.
RFI：一年前，尼日尔有几名记者被捕。其中大多数人随后获释。你认为尼日尔当局正在对新闻界采取更强硬的立场吗？
RFI: A year ago, several journalists in Niger were arrested. Most of them were subsequently released. Do you see the Nigerien authorities taking a harder line towards the press?
确实在收紧，因为很明显最近发生了严重事件——未遂政变[2024年7月]。当记者报道人们不愿听到的真相时，政府就会采取措施，试图以恐惧来统治，恐吓人们，让他们保持沉默。
There is a hardening, because it is obvious that serious events have happened recently – the attempted coup [in July 2024]. And when journalists report truths that people do not like, the government takes measures and tries to govern through fear, to terrorise people so that they remain silent.
这就是正在发生的事。在尼日尔，人们不再敢说话了。在其他实行军事独裁的非洲国家，情况也是如此。
And that is what’s happening. People no longer dare to speak in Niger. It’s also happening in [other] African countries where we have military dictatorships.
非洲和国际社会不能继续对这些事情完全无动于衷——它们是黑暗的污点。
The African and international communities can't continue to remain completely indifferent to these things – they're dark stains.
RFI：你认为非洲联盟和位于班珠尔的非洲人权和民族权委员会（ACHPR）能做得更多吗？
RFI: Do you think the African Union and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights ( ACHPR ) in Banjul could do more?
非洲人权和民族权委员会将于10月在达喀尔这里召开会议，它处在第一线。非洲联盟也是如此，西非国家经济共同体，甚至萨赫勒国家联盟。我们必须呼吁所有这些机构。
The ACHPR, which is due to meet in October here in Dakar, is on the front line. The African Union too, ECOWAS and even the Alliance of Sahel States . We have to call on all of them.
非洲公民正在被捕。我认为任何非洲人、任何非洲机构，都不应对这些现象无动于衷。我们今天需要的是真正动员非洲公众舆论，捍卫人民的基本自由。
African citizens are being arrested. And I think no African, no African institution, should remain indifferent to these phenomena. What we need today is a real mobilisation of African public opinion in defence of people's fundamental freedoms.
布基纳法索因镇压公民社会被列入人权观察名单 RFI：在萨赫勒中部三个国家[马里、布基纳法索、尼日尔]，执政的军事政权经常指责记者不够爱国。卡卡难道不正是证明，你既可以是一名独立记者，也可以是一位热爱自己国家的爱国公民吗？
Burkina Faso added to human rights watchlist over crackdown on civil society RFI: In the three countries of the central Sahel [Mali, Burkina Faso Niger], the military regimes in power often accuse journalists of not being patriotic enough. Isn't Kaka proof that you can be both an independent journalist and a patriotic citizen who loves his country?
当然。大多数职业记者都是爱国记者。正因如此，他们无法被操纵。我去过马里，与独立专家合作过。记者大多是真正有责任感的人。他们大多是爱国者。
Of course. Most professional journalists are patriotic journalists. That's why they can't be manipulated. I've been to Mali and worked with independent experts. Journalists are really responsible people, for the most part. They are patriots, for the most part.
说实话，我认为我们没有必要害怕那些如实报道事实的人。相反，我们应该与记者们进行对话，共同保护国家，应对那些共同的挑战——比如国家安全问题以及武装恐怖组织的袭击。
So, honestly, I think there's no need to be afraid of the true words of people who present the facts. On the contrary, there needs to be dialogue with journalists to protect the nation and tackle the same challenges – insecurity and attacks by armed terrorist groups.
在国家安全方面，尼日尔人民必须团结一致；没有人希望自己的国家遭到攻击。
When it comes to insecurity, there needs to be unity among Nigeriens. Nobody likes to see their country attacked.
在这种情况下，我们必须结束这种无休止的权力更迭局面，必须恢复宪法秩序。人民必须觉醒起来。
In that context, we need to put an end to this never-ending transition. That means the constitutional order must be restored. People must wake up.
RFI问： 在您担任联合国人权专家（2018年至2024年期间），您曾与多位西非国家元首会面。您认为如今还能与尼日尔当局取得联系吗？
RFI: When you were a UN human rights expert, from 2018 to 2024, you met with several West African heads of state. Do you think contact with the Nigerien authorities is possible today?
回答： 非常困难。在[前总统马马杜·坦贾]执政时期，与尼日尔当局会面还算比较容易；坦贾之后，与[前总统马哈茂杜·伊苏福]以及[前总统穆罕默德·巴祖姆]会面也相对顺利。我认为自己是塞内加尔人中最为了解尼日尔情况的人之一，因为我和他们有过多次交流。当我在尼日尔时，感觉就像在家里一样。
It's very difficult. I used to find it easy to meet the Nigerien authorities, during [former president Mamadou] Tandja's time. And after Tandja, with [former president Mahamadou] Issoufou and even [former president Mohamed] Bazoum. I see myself as one of the most Nigerien of Senegalese people because I have been with them. When I'm in Niger, I feel at home. RFI: Do you feel a sense of helplessness in this regard now?
RFI问： 在这方面，您现在是否感到无能为力？确实感到无能为力……因为存在太多的阻力，极端主义势力正在严重威胁着国家的稳定。但我们并没有放弃希望。只要有机会，我们一定会去与当局沟通、表达我们的诉求。面对军方的阻挠，我们绝不能退缩。
That's it, helplessness. Because there is too much resistance, we’re facing such a level of radicalism. It really strips us down. But we’re not despairing. If we have the opportunity to go there, meet the authorities and advocate, we’ll do it. We mustn’t retreat in the face of the military’s resistance.
我们看到记者们不断失踪，民间社会组织及领导人也在逐渐消失……这对我们的大陆、对我们的地区来说，都不是一个好的现象。
We see journalists disappearing, we see civil society organisations and leaders disappearing. But that isn’t a good image for our continent, for our region.
因此，我们呼吁所有民主人士、所有非洲公民、所有非洲舆论力量都行动起来，共同制止这种糟糕的局面。只要我们团结一致，就一定能够改变现状。
And it calls on all democrats, all African citizens, all African public opinion, to mobilise to put an end to it. If we mobilise, we can put an end to it.