在每一部关于瘟疫和流行病的好（或坏）电影中，它总是从试管破裂和病原体释放开始。俄罗斯最近发生的事件的一个版本听起来熟悉得令人不安。
It always begins with a broken test tube and a pathogen released, in every good (or bad) movie about plagues and epidemics. And one version of recent events in Russia sounds uncomfortably familiar.
俄罗斯伊尔库茨克地区至少有197名可能与实验室技术人员有过接触的人已被隔离。此前有报道称，技术员达里亚·希皮洛娃（Daria Shipilova）在谢列霍夫（Shelekhov）的反鼠疫研究所工作时，打破了一根装有肺鼠疫细菌的试管。谢列霍夫是一个距离伊尔库茨克市约20公里的小镇。希皮洛娃于9月29日因严重肺炎入院。
At least 197 people who may have had contact with a lab technician in Russia’s Irkutsk region have been placed under medical isolation. This was after reports the technician – Daria Shipilova – broke a test tube containing pneumonic plague bacteria while working at the anti-plague institute in Shelekhov, a small town roughly 20km from Irkutsk city. Shipilova was admitted to hospital with severe pneumonia on September 29. She died on October 2 Rospotrebnadzor, Russia’s federal public health body, diagnosed a ‘pneumonia of unknown etiology’ but said it found no microorganisms associated with her work.
她于10月2日去世，俄罗斯联邦公共卫生机构Rosspotrebnadzor诊断出患有“病因不明的肺炎”，但表示没有发现与她的工作有关的微生物。报告还表示，该地区的卫生和流行病学状况保持稳定。
It also said the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the region remains stable.
但据报道，希皮洛娃在工作时访问过邻近共和国布里亚特的领导人阿列克谢·齐德诺夫首先表示她死于瘟疫。然后他修改了自己的帖子，添加了“可能”。俄罗斯真的有瘟疫吗？未确认。
But Alexei Tsydenov – the leader of Buryatia, a neighbouring republic Shipilova reportedly visited on work – first said she died of the plague. He then altered his post to add ‘possibly’. So is there really a plague in Russia? Not confirmed.
Rostotrebnadzor尚未确认鼠疫或实验室事故发生。
Rospotrebnadzor has not confirmed a plague or that a laboratory accident occurred.
回顾西伯利亚实验室工作人员死于疑似鼠疫后，近200人被隔离俄罗斯媒体称，已确认197名接触者，189人正在观察中。
Recap Nearly 200 isolated after lab worker dies of suspected plague in Siberia Russian media has said 197 contacts have been identified and 189 are under observation.
10月2日，伊尔库茨克州州长伊戈尔·科布泽夫表示，他们都没有出现症状，实验室检测结果呈阴性。然而，此后，两人的COVID-19检测呈阳性，另外两人的鼻病毒检测呈阳性，鼻病毒是普通感冒背后的病毒感染。
On October 2 Irkutsk Governor Igor Kobzev said none of them are showing symptoms and their laboratory tests are negative. However, since then two have tested positive for COVID-19 and two others for rhinovirus, a viral infection behind the common cold.
Rosspotrebnadzor前负责人根纳季·奥尼先科（Gennady Onishchenko）告诉国家通讯社塔斯社，寒冷天气的到来可能会阻止传播。但这只是一位官员的观点，而不是保证。达里亚·希皮洛娃是怎么生病的？这一点还不清楚，有两个相互竞争的账户。
Gennady Onishchenko, a former head of Rospotrebnadzor, told state news agency TASS the onset of cold weather would likely prevent transmission. But that is one official’s view and not a guarantee. How did Daria Shipilova fall ill? That is unclear, and there are two competing accounts.
首先是试管破裂事件。据《纽约邮报》报道，事发后她曾前往俄罗斯东部边境——靠近蒙古的地方——并于9月25日病倒。
The first is the broken test tube. According to The New York Post, after that incident she was at places on Russia’s eastern border – near Mongolia – and fell ill on September 25. But Rospotrebnadzor contradicts this story.
但俄罗斯联邦消费者权益保护和公众福祉监督局（Rospotrebnadzor）反驳了这一说法。其生物安全委员会认定，该研究所未发生涉及致病微生物的紧急情况。
Its biosafety commission found no emergency involving pathogenic microorganisms at the institute.
西伯利亚疑似鼠疫死亡：目前的证据 状态截止至2026年10月5日。联邦卫生当局尚未确认鼠疫为死因。已确认、报道或有争议的内容 点击某项主张可查看来源。已确认 伊尔库茨克抗鼠疫研究所一名实验室技术人员死亡。
Suspected plague death in Siberia: the evidence so far Status as of 5 Oct 2026. Federal health authorities have not confirmed plague as the cause of death. What is confirmed, reported or disputed Tap a claim to see who said it. Confirmed A laboratory technician at the Irkutsk anti-plague institute has died.
她因重症肺炎入院，后在舍列霍夫市的一家医院去世。一位地方领导确认了该死亡病例。
She was admitted with severe pneumonia and died in hospital in Shelekhov. A regional leader confirmed the death.
《莫斯科时报》，10月2日；Axios，10月4日 报道 197名可能与她有过接触的人员已被确认并置于医学观察之下。
The Moscow Times, 2 Oct; Axios, 4 Oct Reported 197 people who may have had contact with her were identified and put under observation.
俄罗斯媒体报道其中189人已住院观察。《莫斯科时报》报道住院观察人数超过100人。舍列霍夫区医院已实施隔离。
Russian media report 189 of them hospitalised for observation. The Moscow Times reported more than 100 in hospital wards. The Shelekhov district hospital was quarantined.
《莫斯科时报》，10月2日；《国际商业时报》英国版，10月5日 接触者中无人感染与该病例相关的疾病。
The Moscow Times, 2 Oct; IBTimes UK, 5 Oct No contact has an infection linked to the case.
10月2日，伊尔库茨克州州长称接触者无疾病迹象且检测呈阴性。10月4日，联邦消费者权益保护和公众福祉监督局报告接触者中发现2例新冠病毒感染和2例鼻病毒感染，未发现其他病原体，且无与传染病相关的健康状况变化。这些为官方声明，未经独立核实。
On 2 Oct the Irkutsk governor said contacts had no signs of illness and negative tests. On 4 Oct Rospotrebnadzor reported 2 COVID-19 and 2 rhinovirus cases among contacts, no other pathogens, and no health changes tied to an infectious disease. These are official statements, not independently verified.
《伊尔库茨克媒体》，10月2日；俄新社，10月4日 美国正在密切关注事态发展。
Irkutsk Media, 2 Oct; RIA Novosti, 4 Oct The US is monitoring the situation.
一名国务院官员表示，正在与疾控中心（CDC）及其他机构共同跟进此案，并敦促莫斯科迅速共享准确信息。
A State Department official said it is following the case with the CDC and other agencies, and urged Moscow to share accurate information quickly.
NewsNation和福克斯新闻，10月4日 有争议 死因为鼠疫。
NewsNation and Fox News, 4 Oct Disputed The cause of death was plague.
布里亚特共和国领导人最初称其死于鼠疫，随后修改帖文称“可能”死于鼠疫。俄罗斯卫生机构诊断为病因不明的肺炎，尚未确认为鼠疫。
Buryatia's leader first said she died of plague, then edited his post to say she possibly did. Russia's health agency diagnosed pneumonia of unknown cause and has not confirmed plague.
《莫斯科时报》，10月2日；《半岛电视台》，10月5日；URA.news，10月4日是肺鼠疫。
The Moscow Times, 2 Oct; Al Jazeera, 5 Oct; URA.news, 4 Oct It was pneumonic plague.
媒体报道称其为肺鼠疫，即侵袭肺部的鼠疫。官方声明未具体说明类型。她打碎了一支装有病原体的试管。
Media reports describe it as pneumonic plague, which affects the lungs. Official statements have not specified the form. She broke a test tube containing the pathogen.
独立媒体《贝加尔人》对此进行了报道，据称她也曾向医护人员做出相同陈述。俄罗斯联邦消费者权益保护和公益监督局称，生物安全委员会认定该研究所未发生涉及致病微生物的紧急情况，且未在其体内发现与其工作相关的微生物。
Independent outlet Lyudi Baikala reported it, and she reportedly told medical staff the same. Rospotrebnadzor says a biosafety commission found no emergency involving pathogenic microorganisms at the institute, and no microorganisms linked to her work were found in her body.
自由欧洲电台/自由电台，10月5日；《国际商业时报》英国版，10月5日已立刑事案件调查。
RFE/RL, 5 Oct; IBTimes UK, 5 Oct A criminal investigation has been opened.
报道称，执法部门已就违反卫生规定导致死亡一事立案侦查。当局未公开详细披露。《莫斯科时报》，10月2日；《医药通讯》，10月3日她是在前往布里亚特共和国的公务行程中感染的。
Reports say law enforcement opened a case into a breach of sanitary rules that led to death. Authorities have not detailed it publicly. The Moscow Times, 2 Oct; Medvestnik, 3 Oct She caught it on a work trip to Buryatia.
布里亚特共和国领导人称，她从未到访过该共和国，且该地不存在鼠疫疫情，包括蒙古边境附近地区。《莫斯科时报》，10月2日1人死亡，追踪197名接触者 每个点代表一名可能与该技术员有过接触的人员。红点代表该技术员，她在医院死亡。
Buryatia's leader says she never visited the republic and that there is no plague outbreak there, including near the Mongolian border. The Moscow Times, 2 Oct One death, 197 contacts traced Each dot is one person who may have had contact with the technician. The red dot is the technician, who died in hospital.
共确认197名接触者。俄罗斯媒体报道，其中189人被送医观察；不同媒体对住院病房人数的报道不一。10月4日，联邦消费者权益保护和公益监督局报告称，在接触者中发现2例新冠病毒感染和2例鼻病毒感染，未发现其他病原体。
197 contacts were identified. Russian media report 189 of them hospitalised for observation; outlets differ on how many are in hospital wards. On 4 Oct Rospotrebnadzor reported 2 COVID-19 and 2 rhinovirus cases among contacts and no other pathogens.
确认的接触者 据报住院的接触者 携带常见病毒的接触者 一种疾病的三种形式 均由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起。传播途径各不相同。腺鼠疫侵袭：淋巴结传播途径：通过跳蚤叮咬。不在人与人之间传播。典型症状：淋巴结肿大疼痛（鼠疫肿）、发烧、寒战、肌肉酸痛、头痛。
contacts identified reported hospitalised contacts with common viruses Three forms of one disease All are caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. How it spreads is what differs. Bubonic Affects: Lymph nodes How it spreads: Through flea bites. Does not spread from person to person. Typical signs: Swollen, painful lymph nodes (buboes), fever, chills, muscle aches, headache.
败血鼠疫 血液 传播途径同腺鼠疫，或为未经治疗的腺鼠疫或肺鼠疫的并发症。不在人与人之间传播。发烧、寒战、虚弱、恶心、呕吐。
Septicaemic Bloodstream Same routes as bubonic, or as a complication of untreated bubonic or pneumonic plague. Does not spread from person to person. Fever, chills, weakness, nausea, vomiting.
肺炎性肺是人与人之间传播的唯一形式，通过咳嗽者的呼吸道飞沫传播。
Pneumonic Lungs The only form that spreads between people, through respiratory droplets from someone who is coughing.
发烧、头痛、虚弱，然后迅速发展为肺炎，伴有咳嗽、胸痛、呼吸急促，有时出现带血或水样的痰。大多数人在接触后1至4天内出现症状。早期治疗：在首次出现症状的24小时内给予抗生素可降低死亡风险。几种常见的抗生素都有效。晚期治疗：如果不及早治疗，肺鼠疫会迅速蔓延，并可能致命。神话还是事实？瘟疫是过去的疾病。点击答案。神话2015-2024年，10个国家记录了443例人间病例，其中17例死亡。瘟疫无法治愈。
Fever, headache, weakness, then rapidly developing pneumonia with cough, chest pain, shortness of breath and sometimes bloody or watery sputum. Most people develop symptoms within 1 to 4 days of exposure. Treated early: Antibiotics given within 24 hours of the first symptoms reduce the risk of death. Several common antibiotics are effective. Treated late: Without early treatment, pneumonic plague worsens rapidly and can be fatal. Myth or fact? Plague is a disease of the past. Tap for the answer. Myth. 443 human cases were recorded across 10 countries in 2015–2024, 17 of them fatal. Plague can't be cured.
几种抗生素都有效。对于肺鼠疫，应在首次出现症状的24小时内给予。任何形式的瘟疫都很容易在人与人之间传播。
Several antibiotics work. For pneumonic plague they should be given within 24 hours of the first symptoms. Every form of plague spreads easily from person to person.
腺鼠疫和败血性鼠疫不会在人与人之间传播。只有肺炎型才能通过呼吸道飞沫。俄罗斯有鼠疫的天然储存库。事实俄罗斯监测了11个鼠疫自然疫源地，其中4个疫源地在2015-2024年发现了受感染的动物。俄罗斯卫生机构已确认该技术人员患有肺鼠疫。神话，截至2026年10月5日。
Bubonic and septicaemic plague don't spread between people. Only the pneumonic form can, through respiratory droplets. Russia has natural plague reservoirs. Fact. Russia monitors 11 natural plague foci, and infected animals were found in four of them in 2015–2024. Russia's health agency has confirmed the technician had pneumonic plague. Myth, as of 5 Oct 2026.
该机构列举了原因不明的肺炎。一位地区领导人说瘟疫，然后编辑了他的帖子说可能。
The agency cited pneumonia of unknown cause. A regional leader said plague, then edited his post to say possibly.
资料来源：《莫斯科时报》、半岛电视台、俄新社、伊尔库茨克媒体、URA.news、Medvestnik、RFE/RL、Axios、CNN、NewsNation、IBTimes UK、Business Standard、美国疾病预防控制中心瘟疫概况表、俄罗斯瘟疫监测文件（2025）。仅提供一般信息，不提供医疗建议。
Sources: The Moscow Times, Al Jazeera, RIA Novosti, Irkutsk Media, URA.news, Medvestnik, RFE/RL, Axios, CNN, NewsNation, IBTimes UK, Business Standard, US CDC plague fact sheet, Russian plague surveillance paper (2025). General information only, not medical advice.
第二个是她在去布里亚蒂亚出差后生病了。但齐德诺夫表示，她从未访问过该共和国，那里也没有疫情爆发。什么是肺鼠疫？
The second is that she fell ill after the work trip to Buryatia. But Tsydenov says she never visited the republic and that there is no outbreak there. What is pneumonic plague?
这是一种由鼠疫耶尔森氏菌引起的疾病，与1346年至1353年肆虐欧洲的淋巴腺鼠疫相同，是人类历史上最致命的流行病之一;当时多达60%的欧洲人口被杀。
It is a disease caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, the same one behind bubonic plague that ravaged Europe from 1346 to 1353 and was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as much as 60 per cent of the European population of the time were killed.
根据美国疾病控制中心的说法，当受感染的人或动物咳嗽或打喷嚏时，肺炎形式通过传染性飞沫传播。当淋巴腺鼠疫或败血性鼠疫扩散到肺部时也会发生。卫生官员认为这是最严重的形式。
According to the US Centers for Disease Control, the pneumonic form spreads through infectious droplets when an infected person or animal coughs or sneezes. It can also develop when bubonic or septicaemic plague spreads to the lungs. Health officials consider it the most serious form.
症状通常在接触后一到四天内出现，包括发烧、头痛、虚弱以及带血或水样咳嗽。肺炎未经治疗会迅速恶化，并可能致命。
Symptoms usually appear between one and four days after exposure and can include fever, headache, weakness and a bloody or watery cough. The pneumonia rapidly worsens without treatment and can be fatal.
但常见的抗生素是有效的，并且当在出现症状后24小时内开始治疗时，康复率很高。这就是密切接触者受到监视的原因。那么现在怎么办？有三件事要拯救。
But common antibiotics work, and recovery rates are high when treatment starts within 24 hours of the first symptoms. That is why close contacts are monitored. So what now? Three things to rvation.