
所有这些都是伪装成符合公共利益的救援协议的缝合的特征,”Virgin Media O2咆哮道。对于英国电信周末匆忙收购TalkTalk的看法并非没有道理。曾几何时,TalkTalk被视为一个勇敢的后起之秀,对英国电信巨头Openreach宽带业务发挥着有益的刺激作用。现在,挑战者正在通过预先包装的政府被占主导地位的参与者消耗,该政府最大限度地减少了短期的政治麻烦。
ll the characteristics of a stitch-up masked as a rescue deal in the public interest,” thundered Virgin Media O2. It’s not an unreasonable view of BT’s hurried weekend acquisition of TalkTalk Once upon a time, TalkTalk was seen as a plucky upstart performing the useful role of irritant to BT’s giant Openreach broadband operation. Now the challenger is being consumed by the dominant player via a pre-pack administration that minimises short-term political headaches.
不过,舒适的缝合论点存在问题。尽管愤怒之声不断,但很难看出文化大臣丽莎·南迪(Lisa Nandy)应该采取什么不同的做法,她通过发布一份很少使用的公共利益通知来祝福她。替代方法,特别是TalkTalk在没有针对客户的救援计划的情况下混乱崩溃,可能会带来更糟糕的结果。
Here’s the problem, though, with the cosy stitch-up thesis. For all the howls of outrage, it’s hard to see what the culture secretary, Lisa Nandy, who gave her blessing by issuing a little-used public interest notice, was supposed to do differently. Alternative approaches, notably a chaotic collapse of TalkTalk without a rescue plan for the customers, risked worse outcomes.
好吧,也许全科医生手术和医院一下子断网,以及数千名弱势客户失去互联网连接的最大担忧有些过头了。但是,站在南迪的立场上,你可能不会冒这个风险。毕竟,TalkTalk有几个月的时间来寻找买家,但即使其零售部门和批发部门PXP分别供争夺,也未能达成可靠的交易。
OK, perhaps the worst fears of GP surgeries and hospitals being disconnected at a stroke, and thousands of vulnerable customers losing their internet connection, were overdone. But, in Nandy’s shoes, you probably wouldn’t take the risk. TalkTalk, after all, had had months to find a buyer but failed to land a credible deal even when its retail division and its wholesale unit, PXC, were up for grabs separately.
失望的潜在买家将其归咎于作为TalkTalk的关键供应商的英国电信不愿为新的所有权工具提供财务支持。然而,从英国电信的角度来看,人们可以理解为什么TalkTalk的另一位私募股权支持者感觉不会比上一位有进步。事实上,英国电信将收取1亿英镑作为未偿还债务,即使它获得了控制权。
Disappointed would-be buyers blame the reluctance of BT, as the critical supplier to TalkTalk, to extend financial support to a new ownership vehicle. From BT’s point of view, however, one can see why another private equity backer for TalkTalk wouldn’t feel like an improvement on the last one As it is, BT will be booking £100m as a non-payment of a debt even as it takes control.
这里的深层问题是TalkTalk --查尔斯·邓斯通爵士20多年前创作的--最近并没有做太多真正具有挑战性的工作。在经历再融资困境的次数超过正常情况后,它成为了一家财务陷入困境的公司。根据最新统计,借款约为15亿英镑,对于一家只有150万零售客户和100万批发客户的亏损企业来说,这是一个惊人的数字。请记住,即使事情进展顺利,电话也往往是一种低利润的游戏。
The deep problem here is that TalkTalk – Sir Charles Dunstone’s creation more than 20 years ago – hasn’t been doing much real challenging work of late. After going through the refinancing wringer more times than is healthy, it was a financially distressed company. At the last count, borrowings were in the region of £1.5bn, a staggering sum for a loss-making business with only 1.5 million retail customers and 1 million wholesale ones. Telephony, remember, tends to be a low-margin game even when things are going well.
这并不是说政客们可以免费通行。监管机构Ofcom多次告诉历届政府,宽带市场应该建立一个“最后手段供应商”制度,就像能源和水一样。逻辑很简单:在极端情况下,应该有一种办法让政府支持的行动介入,以防止突然中断,并寻求一种有序的永久解决办法。
That is not to say the politicians get a free pass. Successive governments have been told many times by the regulator Ofcom that a “supplier of last resort” regime should be in place in the broadband market, just as it is in energy and water. The logic is simple: in extremis, there should be a way for a government-supported operation to step in to prevent sudden disconnections and look for an orderly permanent solution.
然而,不可避免的事实是,这样的制度并不存在于TalkTalk。监管机构中的这个明显漏洞需要在未来的案件中得到解决。但周末安排无论在理论上多么令人反感,至少有一个好处,那就是不会动用一分钱的公共资金。
The unavoidable fact, though, is that such a regime didn’t exist with TalkTalk. That glaring hole in the regulatory set-up needs to be addressed for future cases. But a weekend arrangement with however objectionable in theory, at least has the advantage of not drawing on a penny of public money.
中期监管测试将确保英国电信和Openreach不能滥用吞噬TalkTalk的优势。英国电信首席执行官艾莉森·柯克比和英国通信办公室老板梅勒妮·道斯夫人之间进行了戏剧性的公开信件交流。前者恳求监管宽容,实际上是为了消除一个政治问题;后者回答说,适用监管框架是一项法定义务。
The medium-term regulatory test will be to ensure BT and Openreach can’t abuse the advantage of gobbling TalkTalk. There was a theatrical public exchange of letters between the BT chief executive, Allison Kirkby, and the Ofcom boss, Dame Melanie Dawes. The former pleaded for regulatory mercy, in effect, for removing a political problem; the latter replied that applying the regulatory framework was a statutory duty.
任何人都不知道这在实践中会如何发挥作用,因为蠕动空间似乎很大。但指导原则没有改变--批发运营商需要以合理的商业条款访问Openreach的网络。TalkTalk无法让它付出代价,但最终,这似乎主要是一个关于其自身危险融资的故事。将业务包裹到BT中远非理想,但这并不是最糟糕的务实捏造。
It’s anyone’s guess how that will work out in practice since the wriggle-room would seem to be enormous. But the guiding principle hasn’t changed – wholesale operators need to have access to Openreach’s network on reasonable commercial terms. TalkTalk couldn’t make it pay but that, in the end, seems primarily to be a story of its own perilous financing. Wrapping the business into BT is very far from being ideal – but it’s not the worst pragmatic fudge.