“我受到监视并不是因为某篇具体文章。我当时正在调查摩洛哥的土地剥夺。然后我得知我是飞马座的目标，”记者兼人权维护者奥马尔·拉迪（Omar Radi）告诉半岛电视台，他指的是以色列公司NSO Group开发的移动监控工具。
“I was surveilled not because of a specific article. I was investigating land dispossession in Morocco. I then learned I was a Pegasus target,” Omar Radi, a journalist and human rights defender, told Al Jazeera, referring to the mobile surveillance tool developed by Israeli company NSO Group.
调查结果于2020年6月出现，当时大赦国际安全实验室检查了他的手机。现居德国的拉迪表示，从2018年到2020年，他花了两年时间注意到手机电池快速耗尽、温度上升和网络速度减慢等迹象。他说，物理监视几乎不谨慎。
The findings emerged in June 2020, when Amnesty International Security Lab examined his phone. Radi, now based in Germany, said he had spent two years, from 2018 to 2020, noticing signs including his phone’s battery draining quickly, its temperature rising and the network slowing down. The physical surveillance, he said, was barely discreet.
“他们每天都来这里，从我所在街道的停车服务员、我常去的商店和我的朋友那里获取每日报告，”他说。“我有时会转身走向跟踪我的人拍照，但他们跑得很快，并隐藏了脸。”他的案件是大赦国际新报告《我们从判决开始：摩洛哥的监视机器内部》中详细描述的四起案件之一，该报告由14家媒体组织制作，并由国际记者网络“禁止的故事”协调。
“They came every day to get a daily report from the parking attendants in my street, the shops I used to go to, and my friends,” he said. “I would sometimes turn around and walk towards the people following me to take photographs, but they ran quickly and hid their faces.”His case is among four detailed in a new Amnesty International report, We Start With the Verdict: Inside Morocco’s Surveillance Machine, produced with 14 media organisations and coordinated by the international network of journalists Forbidden Stories.
其他三人是资深活动家Fouad Abdelmoumni; Abdessadak El Bouchattaoui，人权律师;和Hicham Mandarin，流亡记者，他于2015年因通奸和性剥削指控而被监禁，大赦国际称之为捏造。
The other three are Fouad Abdelmoumni, a veteran activist; Abdessadak El Bouchattaoui, a human rights lawyer; and Hicham Mansouri, a journalist in exile who had been imprisoned in 2015 on charges of adultery and sexual exploitation, which Amnesty describes as trumped-up.
该报告利用了对一名化名Safir的举报人的采访，Safir是摩洛哥领土监视总局（DGST）的前雇员。大赦国际说，它证实了萨菲尔证词的关键部分与独立来源，技术证据和采访10人确定为监视目标，包括拉迪。
The report draws on interviews with a whistleblower using the pseudonym Safir, a former employee of Morocco’s General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (DGST). Amnesty said it corroborated key parts of Safir’s testimony with independent sources, technical evidence and interviews with 10 people identified as surveillance targets, including Radi.
拉迪说：“国际特赦组织的报告将我在严格监视下的生活和感受联系起来。”
“The Amnesty report connected many dots as to what I was living and feeling while I was under tight surveillance,” Radi said.
他补充说：“这解释了我在警察审讯和审判中的非凡之处，我的许多权利没有得到尊重，因为甚至司法警察和法官也受到监视。”
“It explains the extraordinary aspect of my police interrogations and my trial, where many of my rights weren’t respected, because even the judicial police and the judges were under monitoring,” he added.
国际特赦组织确认DGST是在摩洛哥部署Pegasus间谍软件的幕后机构，并记录了2017年至2021年间针对活动人士和记者滥用该间谍软件的情况。
Amnesty identifies the DGST as the agency behind the deployment of Pegasus spyware in Morocco and documents what it describes as abuses of the spyware against activists and journalists between 2017 and 2021.
摩洛哥否认监视摩洛哥此前曾否认国际特赦组织关于其当局利用飞马攻击记者、活动人士和其他批评者的指控。
Morocco denies surveillance Morocco has previously rejected Amnesty’s allegations that its authorities used Pegasus to target journalists, activists and other critics.
在2020年和2022年发表的声明中，摩洛哥当局挑战国际特赦组织提供支持其说法的物证。
In statements issued in 2020 and 2022, Moroccan authorities challenged Amnesty to provide material evidence supporting its claims.
国际特赦组织表示，它在发布最新报告前四周写信给摩洛哥当局，并邀请他们做出回应，但没有收到回应。
Amnesty said it wrote to Moroccan authorities four weeks before publishing its latest report and invited them to respond, but received no response.
半岛电视台还寻求摩洛哥官员的评论，但截至发稿时尚未收到回应。
Al Jazeera also sought comment from Moroccan officials but had not received a response at the time of publication.
摩洛哥媒体也对最新报道提出质疑。Le 360引用了论点，即Pegasus目标记录中存在的电话号码本身并不能证明设备已被感染，也不能证明是谁下令了所谓的攻击。
Moroccan media have also challenged the latest report. Le360 cited arguments that the presence of a phone number in Pegasus targeting records does not, by itself, prove that a device was infected or establish who ordered an alleged attack.
该媒体还辩称，国际特赦组织没有提供摩洛哥当局要求的确凿技术和物质证据。
The outlet also argued that Amnesty had not provided the conclusive technical and material evidence Moroccan authorities had demanded.
报告称，截至2017年10月，摩洛哥的Pegasus行动已全面活跃，并指出了人权律师El Bouchattaoui的案例，他的号码于2017年9月输入系统，并在他收到短信感染链接前几周被选中进行攻击。
The report says Morocco’s Pegasus operations were fully active by October 2017, pointing to the case of human rights lawyer El Bouchattaoui, whose number was entered into the system in September 2017 and selected for targeting weeks before he received an infection link by text message.
国际特赦组织表示，其对Pegasus记录的分析将103个摩洛哥电话号码与2017年9月至12月期间被确定为潜在目标的个人进行了匹配。其中65人是民间社会成员，包括34名人权捍卫者、22名记者和媒体工作者、5名律师和4名学者。
Amnesty said its analysis of Pegasus records matched 103 Moroccan phone numbers to individuals identified as potential targets between September and December 2017. Of those, 65 were identifiable as civil society members, including 34 human rights defenders, 22 journalists and media workers, five lawyers and four academics.
据国际特赦组织称，萨菲尔描述了一种结合数字和物理方法的监控设备。他说，目标个人在拘留所、办公室、汽车、咖啡馆甚至卧室中被秘密拍摄和记录。
According to Amnesty, Safir described a surveillance apparatus that combined digital and physical methods. Targeted individuals were secretly filmed and recorded in detention, offices, cars, cafes and even bedrooms, he said.
他补充说，电话店被委托销售感染间谍软件的目标设备。他说，人权捍卫者的邻居被招募为线人，每天报告他们的行踪。
Phone shops, he added, were coopted to sell targets devices infected with spyware. Neighbours of human rights defenders, he said, were recruited as informants to file daily reports on their movements.
Safir还描述了在互联网咖啡馆远程控制系统（RC）的使用。他说，现场特工将识别目标正在访问哪家咖啡馆，让DGST可以访问其已感染的机器上的活动，并允许接线员跟踪电话。报告称，类似的策略也被用于针对活动人士阿卜杜勒穆尼（Abdelmoumni），他在家中被秘密拍摄到与未婚妻在2021年。阿卜杜勒穆尼表示，根据录音的角度，他相信这段视频是通过空调机组中的隐藏摄像机拍摄的。
Safir also described the use of remote control systems (RCS) at internet cafes. Field agents would identify which cafe a target was visiting, he said, giving the DGST access to activity on machines it had already infected and allowing an operator to track calls, The report says similar tactics were used against activist Abdelmoumni, who was secretly filmed at home with his fiancee in 2021. Abdelmoumni said he believed the footage was captured through a hidden camera in an air-conditioning unit, based on the recording’s angle.
萨菲尔将这一事件描述为DGST监视和清理行动的“教科书案例”，旨在不留任何痕迹。
Safir described the episode as a “textbook case” of a DGST surveillance and cleanup operation designed to leave no trace.
记者描述了压力和恐吓摩洛哥最著名的记者之一、政治谈话播客主持人Taoufik Bouachrine没有在国际特赦组织的报告中提及，但描述了类似的模式。
Journalists describe pressure and intimidation Taoufik Bouachrine, one of Morocco’s best-known journalists and host of the Talk on Politics podcast, was not named in Amnesty’s report but described a similar pattern.
他告诉半岛电视台：“在摩洛哥，就像在所有阿拉伯国家一样，人们使用创造性的方法来压制记者并阻止他们进行调查性新闻报道，特别是当涉及非法行使权力、金融腐败以及政治权威和金钱交织时。”
“In Morocco, as in all Arab countries, inventive methods are used to silence journalists and deter them from investigative journalism, particularly when it concerns the unlawful exercise of power, financial corruption, and the intertwining of political authority and money,” he told Al Jazeera.
他说，第一种方法是捏造针对记者的刑事案件，“通常涉及保守社会中不当性行为的指控，相当于记者的道德处决”。
The first method, he said, is fabricating criminal cases against journalists, “often involving allegations of sexual misconduct in a conservative society that amount to a journalist’s moral execution”.
他说，第二个是针对记者及其家人的网络巨魔和特工大军发起的诽谤运动。
The second, he said, is a smear campaign run through armies of online trolls and operatives who target journalists and their families.
57岁的布阿克林于2018年因强奸和贩卖人口罪被捕，并被判处15年监禁。他否认了这些指控，称他的起诉与他的新闻报道有关。
Bouachrine, 57, was arrested in 2018 on charges of rape and human trafficking and sentenced to 15 years in prison. He has denied the charges, saying his prosecution was tied to his journalism.
联合国任意拘留问题工作组认为布阿克林的拘留是任意的，并表示他受到了司法骚扰。欧洲议会通过了一项决议，要求释放他以及其他因类似指控受审的记者。
The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found Bouachrine’s detention arbitrary and said he had been subjected to judicial harassment. The European Parliament adopted a resolution calling for his release, along with other journalists tried on similar charges.
他服刑六年多后，根据皇家赦免令获释。当时，他创办的报纸《青年报》已经关门。Bouachrine说，当局已经切断了其广告收入。
He served more than six years before being released under a royal pardon. By then, Akhbar Al-Youm, the newspaper he founded, had already closed. Bouachrine said authorities had cut off its advertising revenue.
“这是摧毁调查性新闻的另一种方法，”他补充说，“关掉广告龙头，让一份报纸慢慢死去。”
“This is another method of destroying investigative journalism,” he added, “turning off the advertising tap and leaving a newspaper to die slowly.”