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彭博社

尼得科丑闻致债券跌至谷底,新任社长面临考验Nidec Scandal Sends Bonds to Bottom in Test for New President

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由 漭克彦 报道受丑闻困扰的日本电动机世界第一大厂商——从京都一家初创公司发展成为的日本电机股份有限公司(Nidec),在某一项衡量标准下跌至了日元债券市场的最低级别,给新任总裁带来了重建投资者信心的挑战。

Nidec Corp., which grew from a Kyoto startup into the world’s largest manufacturer of precision motors, has fallen to the bottom rank of the yen debt market by one measure, leaving its new president with a challenge to restore investor confidence.

据彭博汇编的数据显示,日本电机2032年中期到期的日元债券收盘价跌至77.7日元,为所有到期前约3000只本地公司债券之中最低。此次下跌发生在上周日本电机公布了截至3月31日年度因资产减值的净亏达5646亿日元(约合36亿美元)之后,而其会计师事务所普华永道日本分公司拒绝签署其财务报表,成为该会计丑闻的最新戏剧性转折。

Nidec’s yen bond due in mid-2032 slumped to 77.7 yen, the lowest among more than 3,000 local corporate notes maturing by then, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. The drop came after the company reported last week a net loss of ¥564.6 billion ($3.6 billion) due to writedowns in the year ended March 31, while Nidec’s auditor PwC Japan refused to sign off on its financial statements, in the latest dramatic turn in an accounting scandal.

日本电机发言人回应彭博新闻的询问时表示:“我们将通过利用公司经营所产生的现金流等适当方式确保到期偿还债券所需资金。”该公司拒绝对债券市场价格作出评论,表示该价格受供需关系及投资者情绪等因素所决定。

“We will appropriately secure the necessary funds for bond repayments at maturity, including by utilizing cash flow generated from our business operations,” said a spokesperson for Nidec in response to questions from Bloomberg News. The company declined to comment on the bond’s market price, saying it is determined by factors including supply and demand, as well as investor sentiment.

这份备受期待的披露——并附带对过去五年业绩的重新披露——重新点燃了人们对日本电机的担忧。目前在新的领导下——由纪田道雄掌舵——该制造商正努力避免被除名上市,同时面临包括冲击管理等对冲基金在内的投资者的压力,要求其解决财务报告问题。

The long-awaited disclosure — which came with a restatement of five years of past earnings — reignited concerns about Nidec. Now under the leadership of Michio Kaida, the manufacturer is trying to stave off a delisting and has been under pressure from investors including hedge fund Aspex Management to resolve its financial reporting issues.

日本电机正处于聚光灯下之际,恰逢全球投资者日益担忧利率上升对企业业绩的影响,以及在长期宽松借贷环境之后可能出现的信贷市场裂痕问题。

Nidec is under the spotlight at a time when global investors are growing concerned about the impact of rising bond yields on corporate earnings, and the potential for cracks in credit markets to emerge after years of easy access to debt.

“你永远不知道丑闻会如何发展,”福冈资本有限公司的首席执行官土屋武俊说。虽然由于核心业务的强劲,Nidec目前并没有面临倒闭的直接风险,但他表示,对于一些投资者来说,继续持有其债券可能变得更难以正当化。

“You never know how a scandal is going to develop,” said Taketoshi Tsuchiya, chief executive officer of Fujiwara Capital Co. While Nidec isn’t facing any immediate risk of failure given the strength of its core business, it’s probably become harder for some investors to justify holding onto its debt, he said.

个别公司的会计违规行为往往会在信贷市场引起震荡。去年美国First Brands宣布破产时就发生了这种情况,很快出现了大规模欺诈的指控,这加剧了投资者对信贷承销标准松懈的担忧。

Improper accounting practices at individual firms can often send a shiver through credit markets. That happened last year when First Brands in the US filed for bankruptcy, with allegations of a large-scale fraud soon emerging, fueling investor worries about lax debt underwriting standards.

截至目前,Nidec会计丑闻的最新进展对日元债券二级市场的影响还相对温和。这部分原因在于日本最大的银行提供了支持,以及该公司目前只有约900亿日元的未偿还债券。

The impact from the latest developments in Nidec’s accounting scandal, which first surfaced last year, has so far been muted in the secondary market for yen debt. That is partly because of support from Japan’s biggest banks, and the company’s relatively small amount of outstanding bonds at ¥90 billion.

Nidec目前从三菱UFJ银行和住友三井银行分别获得了总计6000亿日元的未用信贷额度,这些额度将于下个月到期。Nidec发言人表示,该公司正在与银行商讨续签协议的事宜。

Nidec currently has unused credit lines expiring next month from MUFG Bank Ltd. and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp. that amount to a combined ¥600 billion. The company is discussing a renewal of the agreements, a Nidec spokesperson said.

针对这份到2027年底到期的债券,SMBC日经证券的高级信贷分析师松本英树表示,考虑到其较宽的利差和公司目前的流动性状况,这些债券仍具有投资价值。

Its notes due by the end of 2027 still have investment value given their wider spreads and the company’s available liquidity, according to Hideki Matsumoto, a senior credit analyst at SMBC Nikko Securities Inc.

“从债券投资的角度来看,不必过于悲观。”松本上周在一份报告中写道。

“There is no need to be excessively pessimistic from a bond-investment perspective,” Matsumoto wrote in a report last week.

对Nidec来说,更为严峻的问题可能是建立可靠的内部控制机制。过去几年间,该公司一直在努力满足创始人长谋智信博士(Shigenobu Nagamori)的严苛要求。长谋博士去年12月辞去董事会职务。他于1973年从一个预制棚屋里创办了这个公司。

The bigger problem for Nidec may be putting in place reliable internal controls after years of seeking to comply with the relentless demands of its hard-charging founder Shigenobu Nagamori, who resigned from the board last December. He started the company from a prefabricated shed in 1973. Nidec plans to submit a report on its internal management system to the Tokyo Stock Exchange by Oct. 28, marking one year since its stock was put on special alert by the bourse.

Nidec计划于10月28日前向东京证券交易所提交其内部管理体系的报告,这标志着其股票被该交易所列为特别警示一周年。若未能说服东京证券交易所其内部控制已得到充分改善,交易所可延长该项指定。

If it fails to satisfy the TSE that its internal controls have sufficiently improved, the exchange can extend the designation.

新任总裁Kaida在10月1日举行的新闻发布会上表示,Nidec正在与PwC合作,力争在本月底获得其审计意见。

Kaida, who became president last week, said in a news briefing on Oct. 1 that Nidec is working with PwC to obtain its audit opinion by the end of the month.

Mizuho Securities Co.高级信贷分析师Toshiyuki Suzuki表示:“这一丑闻事件凸显出,对投资者和发行人的治理问题的重要性日益受到关注。”

The debacle has put an increased focus on the importance of governance issues for both investors and issuers, said Toshiyuki Suzuki, a senior credit analyst at Mizuho Securities Co.

他补充道:“Nidec在短期内想要回归公司债券市场可能会相当困难。”

“It will probably be difficult for Nidec to return to the corporate bond market for some time,” he added.

这起丑闻将Nidec列入了一批因管理动荡和薄弱的公司治理而失去声誉的日本公司行列。其中包括Olympus Corp.以及现已被政府支持的Japan Industrial Partners领导的财团私有化的前科技巨头Toshiba Corp.对债券投资者而言,这则消息或许稍具利好。Nidec上周在其申报文件中显示,截至3月31日,其现金及现金等价物持有量比一年前增加了一倍多,达到8522亿日元。

The misconduct puts Nidec among the ranks of Japanese companies that have fallen from grace due to management upheavals and weak corporate governance. They include Olympus Corp. and Toshiba Corp., the former tech titan that is now privately owned by a consortium led by government-backed Japan Industrial Partners. More favorably for bond investors, Nidec boosted holdings of cash and equivalents by more than threefold to ¥852.2 billion as of March 31 from a year earlier, as it increased borrowings, its filings showed last week.

其营运现金流截至3月末为2342亿日元,同比下降14%,但仍处于历史较高水平。Nidec预计,未来12个月(截至3月)销售额将增长3.4%至2.8万亿日元,营业收入约为2000亿日元。

Cash flows from operations stood at ¥234.2 billion at the end of March, down 14% year-on-year, but still elevated by historical standards. Nidec is forecasting a 3.4% increase in sales to ¥2.8 trillion in the 12 months ending March, and operating income of ¥200 billion.

然而,这些数据仍悬浮在会计违规的阴影之中。PwC在上个月Nidec公布的审查报告中指出,部分涉及或知晓会计违规行为的高管仍留任在负责财务报告的职位上,因此无法获得充分的适当证据。Nidec表示,正采取人员措施应对PwC的关切。

Still, the numbers come against a background of reporting irregularities. PwC said in its review, released by Nidec last month, that some executives involved in or aware of the accounting misconduct remained in positions with responsibility for financial reporting, and so it couldn’t obtain sufficient appropriate evidence. Nidec has said it is taking personnel measures to address PwC’s concerns.

日本信用评级机构有限公司和评级投资信息公司上周两家公司都将日本电产评级下调至A+。这仍比穆迪评级公司在6月份应日本电产的要求撤回评估之前对该公司的评级高出11个等级。

Japan Credit Rating Agency Ltd. and Rating and Investment Information Inc. both downgraded Nidec to A+ last week. That’s still 11 grades above what Moody’s Ratings had assigned to the company before it withdrew the evaluation in June at Nidec’s request.

JCR表示:“不当会计实践和质量欺诈的揭露也继续引发人们对内部控制缺陷的担忧,并损害了财务报告的可靠性。”

“Revelations of improper accounting practices and quality fraud have also continued to raise concerns over internal control deficiencies and undermine the reliability of financial reporting,” JCR said.