加沙战争爆发三年后，许多以色列人仍难以将巴勒斯坦人视为除威胁之外的任何存在。
Many Israelis struggle to see Palestinians as anything other than a threat, three years after the war in Gaza began.
以色列斯德洛特市——以色列人排着队，透过类似旅游观景用的望远镜眺望几个足球场之外的加沙地带贝特哈农镇：那里的建筑物歪斜倒伏在废墟中，宛如破碎的牙齿。唯一可见的动静，便是以色列军队行动时扬起的尘土。
CARA ANNA SDEROT, Israel — One by one, Israelis peered through the tourist-style binoculars at the shattered Gaza town of Beit Hanoun, a distance of several football fields away, where buildings tilted in the rubble like broken teeth. The only noticeable movement was dust kicked up by Israel’s military.
这些以色列人凝视片刻后便招手让其他人也来观看。这个观景点实属难得，能让他们亲眼目睹巴勒斯坦领土的模样；甚至有人对这片废墟表示赞赏。
The Israelis squinted for a few moments and gestured others over. The lookout is a rare place where they can confront the Palestinian territory firsthand, and some celebrate its devastation.
今年上映的一部以色列纪录片中，一位观景者惊呼道：“哇，破坏得真‘漂亮’。”美联社记者在现场也听到了类似的言论。
An Israeli documentary released this year included one onlooker exclaiming, “Wow, destroyed beautifully.”The Associated Press heard similar sentiments there.
2023年10月7日，哈马斯武装分子在以色列南部杀害了约1200人，还绑架了251人。这场惨烈战争最终以脆弱的停火协议告终。三年后，走访那些当日遭到袭击的社区后便能发现：对许多当地居民而言，现在仍远远无法将隔壁的巴勒斯坦人视为除威胁之外的任何存在。
On Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas-led militants killed some 1,200 people in southern Israel and abducted 251 others, leading to a devastating war and, eventually, a fragile ceasefire Three years on, a visit to the communities attacked that day made clear: It’s too soon for many residents to see the Palestinians next door as anything other than a threat.
烧烤的气味让一位女子想起“地狱的味道” 沿着加沙地带修建的公路上，到处都有纪念设施——正是武装分子在此开枪射杀试图逃生的民众。那些被击毁、布满弹孔的受害者的汽车被集中到别处堆放，锈迹斑斑，层层叠叠多达六辆之多。还有年轻女性军事观察员的画像，由于她们发出的袭击预警未被重视，这些画像也成了对她们当日牺牲的纪念。
Barbecue reminds one woman of ‘the smell of hell’ The highway running parallel to Gaza, where militants gunned down people trying to flee, is dotted with memorials. Victims’ smashed and bullet-pocked cars are assembled elsewhere, rusting and piled a half-dozen high. Portraits of young female military spotters, whose warnings about a potential attack were disregarded mark their deaths that day.
当地居民德加尼特·巴尔·海称，自己至今仍不敢烧烤，因为烧焦的肉味——也就是“地狱的味道”——会勾起她的痛苦回忆。
One resident, Deganit Bar Hay, said she still can’t barbecue because the smell of burnt flesh — “the smell of hell” — is a trigger.
国际社会对以色列的战争手段深感震惊与谴责；停火协议生效一年后，加沙地带依然满目疮痍且与外界隔绝。据加沙卫生部统计，已有超过7.4万名巴勒斯坦人丧生；200万居民中绝大多数只能栖身于鼠患横行的帐篷营地或废墟之中。
Globally, there is shock and condemnation over how Israel has conducted the war, and how Gaza remains in ruins and cut off from the world a year since the ceasefire. Over 74,000 Palestinians have been killed, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry and the vast majority of its 2 million residents live in rat-infested tent camps or among the debris.
然而，对于许多记忆犹新的以色列人来说，对巴勒斯坦人产生同理心仍是难以想象的事。以色列媒体很少报道加沙地带的巴勒斯坦人，除非特意去搜寻，否则以色列人几乎听不到他们的声音。
But empathy for them is still unthinkable for many in Israel, with memories raw. Israeli media report little on the Palestinians of Gaza, and Israelis rarely if ever hear their voices unless they seek them out.
最近，一部名为《NAZA》的以色列纪录片引发了热议。片中，军方内部人士描述了据称在加沙发生的系统性屠杀巴勒斯坦平民的行为。引发愤怒的对象是纪录片制作者，而非以色列政府。如今在以色列各地——火车站、海滩、俯瞰加沙的观景台——到处都能看到纪念10月7日及随后战争中阵亡的数百名士兵的贴纸。
A new Israeli documentary, “NAZA,”in which military insiders describe what they said was the systemic killing of Palestinian civilians in Gaza, has sparked outrage at the filmmakers, not the government. Everywhere in Israel — at train stations, beaches, the Gaza viewpoint — are dozens of stickers in memory of the hundreds of soldiers killed on Oct. 7 and in the ensuing war.
“我们所有人都处于创伤后应激状态，”齐波拉·利夫内在距离加沙不远的、专门接待旅游团和士兵的咖啡馆外说道。她的许多家人都在大屠杀中丧生，她两岁时随家人来到以色列。
“We are post-traumatic, all of us,” said Ziporah Livneh, outside a cafe catering to tour groups and soldiers a short drive from Gaza. Much of her family died in the Holocaust, and she came to Israel at the age of 2.
她表示，如今对于加沙问题，我们应当继续相信人性，但同时也要坚决反击邪恶行径。一个社会、一个国家不能建立在复仇之上；但指望全世界都认为“我们能成为特蕾莎修女那样的人”，则是一种虚伪的表现。
Now, she said, the answer for Gaza is to keep believing in people’s humanity but respond strongly to acts of evil. A society and a country can’t be built on revenge, but for the world to think “we can be Mother Teresa, it is a hypocrisy.”
“全球很多人并不理解我们。”许多以色列人依然沉浸在自己的情绪中。他们称自己的遭遇无人倾听、无人理解。他们坚称，尽管以色列政府至今仍严格限制记者进入加沙，只有极少数经过严格管控的访问才被允许，且几乎没有巴勒斯坦人能够离开，但外界对加沙的巴勒斯坦人却给予了更多关注。
‘Many people around the globe don’t understand us’ Many Israelis are still turned inward. They say their story isn’t being heard or understood. They assert that Palestinians in Gaza receive more attention, even as Israel’s government still prevents journalists from entering the territory except under rare, highly managed visits — and very few Palestinians can leave.
自战争爆发以来，以色列的新闻与民众的注意力始终集中在阵亡者以及被掳往加沙的人质身上。尽管从特拉维夫驱车一小时即可抵达加沙，但那里长期以来给人的感觉都十分遥远。自2007年哈马斯掌权后，两国间的往来便受到严格限制。直到10月7日，武装分子才强行破坏了边境围栏。
From the day the war began, Israeli news and hearts were focused on the dead and the hostages taken into Gaza, a land that despite being an hour’s drive from Tel Aviv has long felt remote. Cross-border contact had been severely limited since Hamas seized power in 2007. Then, on Oct. 7, militants ripped the fence apart.
如今正值袭击一周年之际，所有仍被扣押的人质无论生死都已离开加沙。
This is the first anniversary since the attack that all remaining hostages are out of Gaza alive or dead.
在那些曾遭武装分子挨家挨户搜查、纵火和射击的以色列社区里，重建工作正在进行。人们也坚持铭记10月7日的惨痛记忆，希望外界能理解以色列人的安全感是如何被彻底摧毁的。
There is rebuilding in the Israeli communities where militants went home to home, burning and shooting There is also the insistence on keeping Oct. 7 memories alive, with hope that the outside world will come to understand how Israel’s sense of security was smashed.
“我知道全球有很多人并不理解我们，”位于边境城市斯德洛特的10月7日事件虚拟现实展览馆馆长莫尔·伊兹雷尔说道。她表示，自一年半前开馆以来，已有超过1万名参观者前来，其中大多来自海外。这些人的反应各不相同，有悲伤、愤怒，也有感同身受。
“I know many people around the globe don’t understand us,” said Mor Izreal, director of an Oct. 7 virtual reality exhibit in the border city of Sderot. She said over 10,000 people have visited since it opened a year and a half ago, most from overseas. Reactions range from sadness to rage to connectedness, she said.
这场战争后的首次选举引发了新的愤怒情绪。今年，自袭击发生以来首次举行选举，而这次选举充满了愤怒与动荡。
The first election since the war brings fresh anger This year, for the first time since the attack, there is also an election, a momentous and angry one.
本雅明·内塔尼亚胡总理领导的政府引发了极大的分歧。许多以色列人指责他未能预防10月7日的袭击，也未能尽快解救被劫持的人质——许多人质最终惨遭杀害。他还被指控存在腐败行为，威胁到了民主制度。然而，对于其政府对待加沙地带巴勒斯坦人的方式，却鲜有批评之声。目前以色列军队控制着加沙60%以上的领土，将巴勒斯坦人挤压在越来越小的区域内。
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government is deeply divisive. Many Israelis accuse him of failing to prevent the Oct. 7 attack and not securing the hostages’ release sooner, before many of them were killed He is also accused of corruption threatening democratic institutions But there has been little criticism of how his government has treated the Palestinians in Gaza, where Israel’s military now controls over 60% of the territory, squeezing them into an ever-smaller space. Next to a bullet-pocked rocket shelter outside Sderot, a man held a banner calling for an official inquiry into the security failures surrounding the Oct. 7 attack.
在斯德洛特郊外一处布满弹孔的防弹掩体旁，一名男子举着横幅，呼吁对10月7日袭击事件背后的安全漏洞展开正式调查。但内塔尼亚胡长期以来一直拒绝这样做。
Netanyahu has long resisted one.
阿米特·古尔芬克尔说，10月7日那天，他和女儿躲在附近内提沃特镇的避难所里，手里握着刀，做好了最坏的打算。
Amit Gurfinkel said he spent Oct. 7 in a safe room with his daughter in the nearby community of Netivot, holding a knife and expecting the worst.
在长期以来支持内塔尼亚胡的以色列民众中，古尔芬克尔属于少数派。如今斯德洛特各处都张贴着他的极右翼盟友贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇和伊塔马尔·本-格维尔的竞选横幅。后者作为国家安全部长，曾公开主张每晚在加沙实施有针对性的暗杀行动，杀死“30到40人”。
Gurfinkel is a minority in a population that has long supported Netanyahu. Posted across Sderot are campaign banners for his far-right allies, Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben Gvir — the national security minister who has called for killing “30 to 40” people in targeted assassinations in Gaza each night.
安全至关重要，尤其是在斯德洛特——每当加沙地带发射火箭弹时，当地居民只有10秒钟的时间寻找避难所。但古尔芬克尔认为，以色列的声誉同样重要。他摇着头看着那些呼喊着支持内塔尼亚胡的驾车者。内塔尼亚胡领导的政府因加沙地带的破坏行径而遭到国际社会孤立，他本人还被国际刑事法院起诉。“这简直病态至极。我也说不清楚，”古尔芬克尔说道，“未来几年，社会学家和心理学家或许能给出答案。”
Security is paramount, especially in Sderot, where residents have just 10 seconds to seek shelter when rockets are fired from Gaza. But Gurfinkel sees Israel’s reputation as crucial, too. He shook his head over the passing drivers who shouted their support for Netanyahu, whose government is isolated over the destruction in Gaza and who has been indicted by the International Criminal Court“This is pathological. I don’t know,” Gurfinkel said.
关于巴勒斯坦平民的话题鲜有人提及。一些以色列人认为加沙地带的巴勒斯坦人中根本不存在真正的平民，理由就是哈马斯在那里盘踞已久；而一些巴勒斯坦人则对以色列人抱有类似看法，指出大多数犹太男性和女性都必须服兵役。
“Sociologists and psychologists will have answers in the years to come.”There is little discussion of Palestinian civilians Some Israelis argue there are no real civilians among Palestinians in Gaza, pointing to Hamas’ entrenchment.
在斯德洛特警察局对面的一处火箭弹避难所内，有人用字写着“阿拉伯人去死”。10月7日，大量遇难者遗体从车辆中被抬出，当时事发地就在高速公路旁，如今那里的护栏上还潦草地写着“哈马斯仍在加沙”。在耶路撒冷老城的公共广场上，则挂着写着“让加沙重新成为犹太人的土地”的横幅。
Some Palestinians feel the same way about Israelis, noting that military service is mandatory for most Jewish men and women. “Death to Arabs” is written inside a rocket shelter across from the Sderot police station that was besieged and then destroyed. “Hamas is still in Gaza” is scrawled on a guardrail on the highway where bodies spilled from vehicles on Oct. 7.
历经三年战争，普通巴勒斯坦人的生活状况如何？对此几乎没有公开的讨论。
“Make Gaza Jewish Again” is on a banner in a public square in Jerusalem’s Old City.
“我会想到他们，心情十分复杂，”阿迪·马尔梅尔斯坦谈及加沙地带的民众时说道。她当时正在参观为诺瓦音乐节遇难者修建的纪念地——10月7日，数百人在那里遭枪杀。
There is little public discussion about how everyday Palestinians are doing after three years of war. “I think about them, and it’s complicated,” Adi Marmelstain said of the people in Gaza.
她的20岁女儿和许多以色列年轻人一样加入了安全部队，此刻正穿着短裤、无袖上衣，肩上扛着步枪。母女俩都认识一些遇难者。
She was visiting the sprawling memorial for the Nova music festival, where hundreds of people were shot dead on Oct. 7. Her 20-year-old daughter, a member of the security forces like many young Israelis, stood in shorts and a tank top, her rifle slung across her.
马尔梅尔斯坦回忆道，10月7日那天，她叫醒另一个女儿，给她带上瓶装水和饼干，送她奔赴战场。事后她不禁自问：自己当时在想什么？三年过去了，如今要去想象那种生活状态依然令人难以接受。
Both knew people who had been killed. Marmelstain recalled waking up another daughter on Oct. 7 and sending her to war with bottled water and cookies.
她说，国际社会对以色列的认知并不客观。至于加沙地带的巴勒斯坦人呢？“我认为他们有权活下去，但他们选择不活，”她说。
She later asked herself what she had been thinking. Three years later, life is not much easier to contemplate. The world doesn’t see Israel in the right light, she said.
美联社驻以色列斯德洛特的视频记者阿隆·伯恩斯坦参与了这篇报道的采写。
And the Palestinians in Gaza? “I think they have the right to live, but they choose not to,” she said.