（NEXSTAR）—美国官员表示，他们正在监测俄罗斯可能爆发鼠疫的报告，但同时警告称这并不是一个"引发担忧的原因"。尽管如此，人们对这种几乎总是致命的疾病的担忧仍在增加。美国在100多年前就没有出现过人传人鼠疫。然而，去年亚利桑那州报告了一起与肺鼠疫相关的死亡病例，今年新墨西哥州的一名女性因鼠疫去世。
(NEXSTAR) — While U.S. officials have said they are monitoring reports of a possible plague outbreak in Russia, they have cautioned that it isn't a "cause for alarm." Still, worries have grown over the nearly always fatal condition. Person-to-person spread of the plague hasn’t been seen in more than 100 years in the U.S. However, Arizona reported a pneumonic plague-related death last year, and a New Mexico woman died from plague this year.
根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的最新数据，2000年至2023年间，每年美国报告的人类鼠疫病例数介于0至17例之间。数据显示，在这段时间内确诊的122例病例中，有15例死亡。当鼠疫在美国爆发时，主要集中在西部地区，新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州报告的病例最多。病例也出现在俄勒冈州南部、内华达州西部和加利福尼亚州附近。
Between 2000 and 2023, between zero and 17 cases of human plague were reported in the U.S. each year, according to the most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fifteen of the 122 cases confirmed during that time period were fatal, the data shows. When cases do occur in the U.S., they’re primarily in the West, with most reported in New Mexico and Arizona. Cases have also appeared near southern Oregon, far western Nevada, and California.
去年，俄勒冈州出现了自2015年以来首例 bubonic mouse 鼠疫病例。2025年，加利福尼亚州和新墨西哥州也报告了鼠疫病例。 CDC数据显示，今年美国仅有两例鼠疫病例。一般来说，鼠疫是由 Yersinia pestis 细菌引起的，影响人类和哺乳动物。在美国，鼠疫多为 bubonic mouse 鼠疫，这也是欧洲黑死病时期最常见的类型。
Last year, Oregon saw its first case of the bubonic plague since 2015. Plague cases were also reported in California and New Mexico in 2025. An Arizona resident fully recovered after being diagnosed with plague earlier this year. There have only been two cases of plague in the U.S. this year, CDC data shows. Generally speaking, plague is brought on by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, with humans and mammals being affected. Cases in the U.S. are, most often, bubonic, which was the most common during Europe’s Black Death.
bubonic mouse 鼠疫是由寄生在啮齿动物上的跳蚤叮咬引起的。它可能引起突发高烧、发冷、头痛、腹部、手臂和腿部疼痛，以及可渗脓的巨大肿胀淋巴结等症状。2024年在俄勒冈州确诊的一例病例——该州自2015年以来的首例鼠疫——被认为是由宠物猫引起的。官员表示，猫和它的主人都接受了必要的治疗。鼠疫还有两种其他形式：败血性鼠疫和肺鼠疫。
Bubonic plague is caused by the bites of fleas found on rodents. It can cause symptoms like a sudden high fever; chills; headaches; pain in the abdomen, arms, and legs; and large, swollen lymph nodes that can leak pus. A case confirmed in Oregon in 2024 — the state's first since 2015 — was believed to have been caused by a pet cat. Both the cat and its human owner were provided the necessary treatment, according to officials. There are two other forms of plague: septicemic and pneumonic.
疫霍斯菌感染性疫病与 bubonic plague 症状相似，包括发烧、寒战、极度疲弱、腹部疼痛、休克以及皮肤和其他器官出血的可能性。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）解释称。这种形式的疫病可以由未经治疗的 bubonic plague 发展而来，也可以通过处理感染动物而发展。 如果患有 bubonic plague 或 septicemic plague 的人不接受治疗，并且细菌到达肺部，他们可能会发展为 pneumonic plague。
Septicemic plague has similar symptoms to bubonic plague, including fever, chills, extreme weakness, pain in the abdomen, shock, and the possibility of bleeding into the skin and other organs, the CDC explains. This form of plague can develop from untreated bubonic plague as well as from the handling of infected animals. Should a person with bubonic or septicemic plague go without treatment, and the bacteria reach their lungs, they can develop pneumonic plague.
俄罗斯报告的疫病病例被认为是 pneumonic plague。根据 CDC 的说法，人类也可以通过吸入“另一人或动物咳出的飞沫”而感染 pneumonic plague。与其他形式的疫病一样，症状可能包括发烧、头痛、疲弱和肺炎，其中后者会“迅速发展”。CDC 报告称，bubonic plague 和 septicemic plague 可能需要几天时间才会出现症状，但 pneumonic plague 的潜伏期可能只有一天多。
The plague case reported in Russia is believed to be pneumonic. Humans can also get pneumonic plague from breathing in “droplets coughed out by another person or animal with pneumonic plague,” according to the CDC. Like other forms of plague, symptoms can include a fever, headache, weakness, and pneumonia, with the latter developing “rapidly.”While bubonic and septicemic plague may take a few days to set in, the incubation period for pneumonic plague may be just over a day, the CDC reports.
它是唯一可以人传人的形式，并且被认为是该疾病中最严重的形式。无论感染的是哪种类型，90% 的疫病患者在快速治疗下可以康复。未经治疗，“疫病几乎总是致命的”，克里斯特尔诊所表示。为了避免感染疫病，建议采取措施避免被跳蚤叮咬。这包括使用含有 DEET 的驱虫剂，并清理室外可能居住跳蚤喜爱的野生动物的空间。
It’s the only form that can be spread person-to-person, and it is considered the most serious form of the disease. Roughly 90% of plague patients survive with quick treatment, regardless of which type they have contracted. Untreated, “plague is nearly always fatal,” the Cleveland Clinic said. To avoid getting the plague, it’s recommended that you take steps to avoid flea bites. That includes wearing bug spray with DEET and clearing up spaces outside where flea-loving wild animals may live.
还建议咨询兽医医生关于如何防止宠物身上的跳蚤。如果您生活在疫病多发地区，宠物也不应被允许随意外出游玩。
It’s also important to speak with your veterinarian about preventing fleas on your pets. Your pets should also not be allowed to roam outdoors freely if you live in an area prone to the plague.