欧洲目前并未在太空部署任何武器，但欧洲航天局（ESA）局长约瑟夫·阿施巴赫尔指出，必须“密切监视”此类能力的发展动态。这一表态是在美国首次公开确认已在太空部署武器数周之后作出的。
Europe has no weapons deployed in space, but such capabilities must be watched "very carefully," the head of the European Space Agency (ESA) said, weeks after the US confirmed that it has weapons in orbit for the first time. "Of course, having weapons in space is concerning if they are deployed.
“当然，若在太空部署武器，必然令人担忧，尤其是当这些武器可能破坏其他卫星或太空基础设施时，”阿施巴赫尔在安塔利亚举行的第77届国际宇航大会（IAC 2026）间隙接受阿纳多卢通讯社采访时说道。“拥有武器是一回事，实际使用则是另一回事，”他补充道。
That means if they are damaging other satellites or other space infrastructure," ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher told Anadolu on the sidelines of the 77th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2026) in Antalya. "It's one thing to have the weapon. It's another thing to use it," he said.
9月14日，美国空军部长特洛伊·迈因克在马里兰州的一场防务会议上透露，美国太空军已配备“在轨太空控制武器”，可用于保护美军免受敌对行动的威胁。这是五角大楼官员首次公开承认美国在太空部署了武器。不过，迈因克并未说明这些武器的具体类型、运作原理以及发射时间。
On Sept. 14, US Air Force Secretary Troy Meink told a defense conference in Maryland that the US Space Force has “on-orbit space control weapons” capable of defending American forces against hostile action. It was the first time a Pentagon official had publicly acknowledged that the US operates weapons in space. Meink did not say what the weapons are, how they work or when they were placed in orbit.
长期以来，美国官方一直声称此类武器对于应对俄罗斯和中国旨在攻击或干扰美国卫星的计划至关重要。2024年，华盛顿曾指控莫斯科正在研发一种可从太空发射的新型反卫星武器。这一消息公布后，次日便遭到中俄两国的强烈批评。
US officials have long said such capabilities are needed to counter Russian and Chinese programs designed to attack or disrupt American satellites. In 2024, Washington accused Moscow of developing a new anti-satellite weapon that could be launched from space. The disclosure drew swift criticism from Beijing and Moscow the following day.
中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆表示，中方反对太空武器化及将太空变为战场。“我们敦促美国停止在太空进行军事扩张，”他在例行记者会上说道。
China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun said Beijing opposes the weaponization of outer space and turning it into a war zone. "We urge the US to stop expanding military build-up in outer space," he told a routine press briefing.
俄罗斯克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫称，俄方认为“太空绝不应出现任何武器”，并呼吁国际社会共同努力实现太空的全面非军事化。
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Russia believes "space must be free of any weapon." He called for broad international efforts toward the complete demilitarization of space.
俄罗斯外交部发言人玛丽亚·扎哈罗娃则指责华盛顿为谋求自身利益，完全无视“任何太空武装冲突对人类造成的灾难性后果”。
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova accused Washington of ignoring the "catastrophic consequences for humanity of any armed conflict in orbit" in pursuit of its own interests.
她还驳斥了美国关于莫斯科正在研发反卫星武器的指控，称其不过是为了转移注意力。
She also dismissed US accusations that Moscow is developing anti-satellite weapons as an attempt to divert attention.
扎哈罗娃表示，俄罗斯将向联合国大会提交相关决议，旨在禁止在太空部署武器。
Zakharova said Russia would present resolutions to the UN General Assembly on barring weapons from space.
1967年签署的《外层空间条约》的缔约方包括美国、俄罗斯和中国，该条约禁止在轨道上部署核武器及其他大规模杀伤性武器，但并未明确禁止常规武器。阿施巴赫尔指出，在太空使用武器将带来巨大风险。
The 1967 Outer Space Treaty, to which the US, Russia and China are all parties, bans nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction in orbit. It does not explicitly prohibit conventional weapons. Aschbacher said any use of weapons in space would carry huge risks.
“显而易见，一旦在太空使用武器，所有相关轨道上的卫星都会遭到破坏，因此这是一道极难跨越的门槛，”他说道。
"It is very clear that if there would be the use of weapons in space, that would destroy all the orbits or the satellites in those orbits, and therefore it's a very high threshold to overcome," he said.
“当然，各国都需要保护本国的卫星，但我认为我们必须对此保持高度警惕。欧洲不会在太空部署武器，欧洲航天局也绝不会这么做。”当被问及这是否代表欧洲对于太空战争的立场时，阿施巴赫尔表示他认为此类冲突发生的可能性极低。
"Of course, you need to protect your own satellites, but I think it is really something that we have to watch very carefully. Europe does not deploy weapons in space, certainly not from the European Space Agency." Asked whether this was Europe's stance on a possible war in space, Aschbacher said he considered such a conflict unlikely. "I'm not assuming a war in space.
“我不认为会发生太空战争。出于诸多原因，这种可能性微乎其微。首先，太空环境极其复杂，”他说道。
This would be very far-fetched for many reasons. First of all, it is a very complex environment," he said.
卫星在轨道上被摧毁后会碎裂成大量碎片，这些碎片可能在太空中留存多年并撞击其他航天器。
When a satellite is destroyed in orbit, it breaks into fragments that can stay in space for years and hit other spacecraft.
“倘若爆发太空战争且卫星遭到破坏，发动攻击的一方同样会毁掉自己的卫星——因为这些碎片同样会威胁到己方卫星。因此，我认为任何国家在采取此类行动前都会三思而后行，”他说道。
"If there would be a war in space and satellites would be destroyed, the aggressor would also destroy his own satellites because the debris would destroy his own satellites. So, I think people would think really twice before they do that," he said.
“我认为这其实是一种信号，意在表明‘看吧，我们在太空领域具备实力’，不过目前我并不认为这些武器会在太空中被投入使用。”去年，在不来梅举行的部长级会议上，欧洲航天局各成员国批准了223亿欧元的资金投入，这是该机构历史上规模最大的资金计划。各成员国部长通常每三年召开一次此类会议，以确定航天局的核心项目及预算安排。
"I think it's really a message to say, 'Look, we have strength in space,' but I do not believe today that these weapons will be utilized in space." Last year, at a ministerial meeting in Bremen, ESA member states approved €22.3 billion in contributions. It was the largest funding package in the agency's history. Ministers hold these meetings roughly every three years to decide the space agency's main programs and budgets.
当被问及欧洲最迫切需要在哪些领域赶上美国和中国时，他并不认同这一前提。
Asked where Europe most urgently needs to catch up with the US and China, he disagreed with the premise.
“欧洲的发展速度同样很快。虽然我们的预算规模不及美国，但我可以自豪地说，我们拥有一些处于世界领先水平的项目，”他说道。
"Europe is moving just as fast. We have a smaller budget compared to the United States, but I'm very proud to say that we have some world-leading programs," he said.
他称由欧洲航天局协助开发的欧盟地球观测计划“哥白尼”为“世界上最出色的地球观测计划”。他还表示，作为美国GPS系统的替代方案，欧洲的卫星导航系统“伽利略”的精确度也“高于世界上任何其他同类系统”。欧洲宇航员已在国际空间站工作了二十多年，该空间站预计将于2030年左右退役。目前欧洲尚不具备将宇航员送入轨道的运载工具。
He described Copernicus, the EU's Earth observation program that ESA helps develop, as "the best Earth observation program in the world." He said Europe's satellite navigation system Galileo, its alternative to the US-run GPS, is "more precise than any other system in the world." The International Space Station (ISS), where European astronauts have worked for more than two decades, is scheduled to be retired around 2030. Europe does not yet have its own vehicle to send astronauts into orbit.
当被问及2030年后欧洲能否确保进入近地轨道的通道时，他表示各成员国已授权他制定相关计划，以确保欧洲能够“不仅为卫星、也为宇航员提供进入太空的途径”。欧洲航天局称，下一次部长级会议将于12月在罗马举行。
Asked whether Europe will have guaranteed access to low Earth orbit after 2030, he said member states had given him a mandate to develop plans on guaranteed European access to space, "not only for satellites, but also for astronauts." ESA has said the interim ministerial meeting will take place in Rome in December.
今年早些时候，各成员国批准了一项计划：于2028年初购买一次SpaceX的“载人龙”飞船服务，用于运送宇航员前往国际空间站。此举旨在让更多欧洲宇航员有机会在该空间站退役前完成太空飞行。
Earlier this year, member states endorsed a plan to buy a dedicated SpaceX Crew Dragon flight to the ISS in early 2028. The aim is to give more European astronauts the chance to fly before the station is retired.
阿施巴赫尔还谈到了将计算能力与人工智能直接部署到太空的日益浓厚兴趣，包括在太空建设大型数据中心的提议。他表示这一构想“正在研发中”。这位欧洲航天局局长补充说，欧洲正在研究多种方案，但认为直接在卫星上处理信息可能带来最大的实际效益。
Aschbacher also discussed the growing interest in putting computing power and artificial intelligence directly in orbit, including proposals for large data centers in space. He said the concept "is in development." The ESA chief added that Europe was examining several approaches but believes processing information directly on satellites could offer the greatest practical benefit.
“欧洲航天局是全球首个在地球观测卫星上搭载人工智能芯片并实现太空信息处理的机构，”他提到2020年9月从法属圭亚那发射的小型实验卫星Φ-sat-1时说道。
“The European Space Agency was the very first one using an AI chip on an Earth observation satellite and do processing in space of that information,” he said, referring to Φ-sat-1, a small experimental satellite launched from French Guiana in September 2020.
欧洲航天局将其描述为欧洲首个搭载人工智能芯片的地球观测任务。该芯片在卫星上过滤掉被云层覆盖的图像，确保只有可用数据被传回地球。
ESA has described it as Europe's first Earth observation mission to carry an AI chip. The chip filtered out cloud-covered images on board so that only usable data was sent back to Earth.
针对关于赋予人工智能在太空更多自主权的担忧，阿施巴赫表示，这项技术已被广泛应用。
Asked about concerns over giving AI more autonomy in space, Aschbacher said the technology is already widely used.
国际宇航大会于10月5日至9日举行，这是全球最大年度航天会议首次在土耳其举办。土耳其航天局（TUA）主办，国防与科技公司SAHA Istanbul联合主办。
International Astronautical Congress runs Oct. 5-9 and is the first edition of the world's largest annual space conference to be held in Türkiye. The Turkish Space Agency (TUA) is hosting it, with defense and tech firm SAHA Istanbul as co-host.
土耳其与欧洲航天局于2004年签署框架合作协议。该协议有效期五年，涵盖空间科学、地球观测和卫星导航等领域。
Türkiye and ESA signed a framework cooperation agreement in 2004. It was valid for five years and covered areas such as space science, Earth observation and satellite navigation.
阿施巴赫表示：“如果未来有新的合作活动，我们将需要谈判一份新协议。”
"If there are new activities to come, we would need to negotiate a new agreement," Aschbacher said.
他转而指出土耳其与欧洲公司之间的直接合作。他以土耳其卫星运营商Turksat为例，其5A和5B通信卫星由欧洲制造商空中客车防务航天公司建造。
He pointed instead to direct cooperation between Turkish and European companies. He cited Turksat, Türkiye's satellite operator, whose 5A and 5B communications satellites were built by European manufacturer Airbus Defence and Space.
他表示：“这已经持续多年，我们的工业界正在日常基础上与土耳其工业界或机构密切合作，提供硬件、卫星和基础设施。”他补充道：“我预见未来这种合作将会增加。”
"This is happening since many years already, that our industry is working very closely with Turkish industries or institutions to provide hardware, satellites, infrastructure on a daily basis," he said. “I see this increasing in the future,” he added.
奥地利人阿施巴赫自2021年3月起领导欧洲航天局。他的任期于2023年获续任，第二个四年任期将持续至2029年。
Aschbacher, an Austrian, has led ESA since March 2021. His mandate was renewed in 2023 for a second four-year term that runs until 2029.