伊朗石油：一个次要玩家与美国制裁的局限性 一起来自马来西亚的小型船务代理公司的案例说明了华盛顿在其试图遏止伊朗石油流通方面所面临的挑战。
Iranian Oil, a Minor Player and the Limits of U.S. Sanctions The case of a small Malaysian shipping agency illustrates the challenges Washington faces in its effort to stanch the flow of Iranian oil.
2024年初，一艘停泊在马来西亚沿海的老旧油罐船交付了超过50万桶声称来自阿曼但实际上来自伊朗的石油。
In early 2024, an aging tanker anchored off Malaysia’s coast delivered more than half a million barrels of oil that were said to be from Oman, but were in fact from Iran.
这种欺骗旨在规避美国对伊朗石油的制裁，这些制裁一直是华盛顿阻断向德黑尔延军事和核武器计划提供资金的努力的一部分。该船——帕劳国旗的"Reneez"号，不在美国政府在线维护的黑名单实体名单中。
The deception was meant to evade U.S. sanctions on Iranian oil, which have long been part of Washington’s efforts to choke off revenue for Tehran’s military and nuclear weapons program. The ship, the Palau-flagged Reneez, was not on the list of blacklisted entities that the U.S. government maintains online.
62岁的沙胡勒·哈米德·阿罕杰尔（Shahul Hamid Ahmad）拥有一家小型马来西亚船务代理公司，他认为协调该船的维修和检查工作并不是件大事。他的公司Tefcas Marine是专门为经过新加坡州的船只安排港口服务的众多公司之一。
Shahul Hamid Ahmad, who owned a small Malaysian shipping agency, said he thought little of taking a job to coordinate repairs and an inspection of the ship. His firm, Tefcas Marine, was one of many companies that specialize in arranging port services for ships passing by Johor state.
但在维修进行到一半时，该油罐船因与霍塞财团领导人萨伊德·阿尔·贾马尔（Sa'id al-Jamal）的联系而被列入制裁名单，后者此前因领导一网络走私伊朗石油牟取数千万美元而被美国制裁。2024年晚些时候，Tefcas和另外两家马来西亚公司因"实质性协助"阿尔·贾马尔而被制裁。
But halfway through the repairs, the tanker was placed under sanctions for ties to Sa’id al-Jamal, a Houthi financier who previously had been sanctioned by the United States for leading a network that procured “tens of millions of dollars” by smuggling Iranian oil. In late 2024, Tefcas and two other Malaysian companies were hit with sanctions for having “materially assisted” Mr. al-Jamal.
这一行动是华盛顿扩大打击外国海上服务提供商的一部分努力，美国官员称这些公司促进了伊朗的石油贸易。
The action was part of an expanding effort by Washington to crack down on foreign maritime service providers, which U.S. officials have said facilitate Iran’s oil trade.
对沙胡勒来说，62岁的他感觉结果相差悬远。他的公司银行关闭了他的账户，微软锁定了他的公司邮箱，其中保存着他需要用于缴税的记录。
For Mr. Shahul, 62, the outcome felt staggeringly disproportionate. His company’s bank closed his accounts and Microsoft locked his company email, which holds records he needs to file taxes.