多年来，被称为“全民医保”的政策在某些圈子里一直被视为激进派的空想。即便许多原则上倾向于支持这一理念的民主党官员，也因担心引发公众反感而不敢公开表明立场。
For many years, the policy known as Medicare for All was seen in some circles as a provocative progressive pipe dream. Even many Democratic officials who were inclined to support the idea in the abstract were reluctant to acknowledge their position for fear of a public backlash.
不过，眼下似乎是重新审视有关美国主流社会及其对系统性改革态度的旧有认知的好时机。最新的KFF健康追踪民意调查对中期选举前夕的医疗议题进行了细致分析，其中一项结果或许会引发政策讨论的震动。以下是KFF对调查结果的总结：鉴于一些进步派民主党人已在国会选举中以“全民医保”作为竞选口号，如今已有三分之二（66%）的美国成年人支持该政策。这一比例较2020年10月KFF上一次调查时的53%有了显著提升。
Now seems like a good time, however, to reassess some of those old assumptions about the American mainstream and its attitudes toward systemic reform. The latest KFF Health Tracking Poll took a closer look at healthcare issues in the run-up to the midterm elections, and it included one result that might jolt the broader policy debate. From the KFF report on its findings: Reflecting the increased attention to Medicare-for-all in congressional races where some progressive Democrats have campaigned on it, two-thirds (66%) of U.S. adults now support Medicare-for-all, up from 53% when KFF last asked the question in October 2020.
这家政策研究与新闻机构对此议题已开展了十年调查，而“全民医保”的支持率此前从未达到如此高度。事实上，就在2019年时，公众意见还几乎呈五五开状态：支持者与反对者比例仅为51%对47%。如今这一比例已变为约2比1。
The policy research and news organization has been polling on the issue for a decade, and support for Medicare for All has never been close to this high. In fact, as recently as 2019, the public was almost evenly split, with proponents barely outpacing critics, 51% to 47%. Now, it’s a roughly 2-1 split.
不出所料，党派分歧极为明显：84%的民主党人表示支持，而66%的共和党人则持反对态度。不过在这个问题上，无党派人士的态度更接近民主党人：72%的无党派人士表示支持这一改革。
Not surprisingly, the partisan gap is enormous: 84% of Democrats expressed support for the idea, while 66% of Republicans opposed it. That said, independents are much closer to Democrats on the issue: 72% of independents said they back the change.
此外值得强调的是，即便是共和党选民对“全民医保”的支持率也在上升：2020年时仅有约五分之一（21%）的共和党人支持该政策，如今这一比例已升至约三分之一（34%）。虽然这远未达到党内多数水平，但仍能反映出舆论的走向。
What’s more, it’s also worth emphasizing that even among GOP voters, support for Medicare for All has gone up: In 2020, only about 1 in 5 (21%) Republicans favored the idea. Now, it’s roughly a third of the party’s voters (34%). That’s a far cry from a majority within the party, but it’s nevertheless a reflection of which way the winds are blowing.
考虑到这一点，来自佛蒙特州的独立参议员伯尼·桑德斯很可能不会是唯一一个大力倡导“全民医保”的全国性进步派人士。随着2028年总统大选日益临近，倘若主要民主党竞选人纷纷支持这一获得全国66%民众支持的改革方案，也不足为奇。
With this in mind, independent Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont probably won’t be the only national progressive figure touting Medicare for All. With the 2028 presidential race around the corner, it shouldn’t surprise anyone to see leading Democratic contenders embrace a reform model backed by 66% of the country.
文章来源：全国性民调显示“全民医保”获得了前所未有的公众支持——MS NOW
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