沙特阿拉伯正在与客户进行谈判，计划明年在霍尔木兹海峡以外的地区，通过长期合同提供石油装运服务，从而将沙特在伊朗战争期间一直采用的体系正式化，以推动更大的市场影响力。据熟悉此事的人士称，相关讨论仍在继续，且必须在年底前完成。如果获得批准，这将是沙特向客户输送原油方式的重大转变，因为长期合同下的交付量构成了沙特供应量的主体。
Saudi Arabia is in talks with customers to offer oil loadings next year outside the Strait of Hormuz in long-term contracts, formalizing a system the kingdom has been using during the Iran war as it pushes for greater market Discussions are ongoing and must conclude by year-end, according to people familiar with the matter. If approved, it would mark a significant change in the way Saudi Arabia sends its crude to customers, as deliveries under long-term contracts make up the bulk of the kingdom’s supply.
这场战争已进入第八个月，导致传统的石油运输路线陷入混乱，霍尔木兹海峡也遭到严重干扰。主要海湾出口国被迫进行调整以满足客户需求。通过海峡的“穿梭运输”模式——即卖方通常承担航行风险，并在海峡外将货物转移至其他船只——已成为维持市场供应的关键体系，尤其是在买家之间的竞争日益加剧的情况下。
The war in its eighth month has sent traditional oil shipping routes into turmoil with Hormuz severely disrupted. Major Gulf exporters have been forced to adapt to keep customers satisfied, with shuttles through the strait — where the seller often takes the risk of passage and transfers cargoes to other vessels outside the waterway — emerging as a crucial system to keep markets supplied as competition for buyers picks up.
据上述人士称，沙特国有的阿美公司（Saudi Aramco）也在讨论其他变化，包括选择不同的定价基准，甚至将货物直接运送到亚洲的客户手中。这些人士要求匿名，因为相关讨论属于机密。他们表示，目前尚未做出最终决定，定价、运费以及符合条件的运输量等细节仍在讨论中。阿美公司和沙特能源部均未回应有关这些讨论的置评请求。
State-run Saudi Aramco is also discussing other changes, including a choice of pricing benchmarks and even delivering cargoes all the way to customers in Asia, the people said, asking not to be identified because the talks are private. No final decisions have been made, and details including pricing, freight and eligible volumes remain under discussion, they said. Aramco and the Saudi Energy Ministry didn’t respond to requests for comment on the talks.
冲突爆发前，阿美公司在亚洲的主要客户会自行安排船只，在位于海湾深处的拉斯塔努拉（Ras Tanura）出口终端提取从该公司购买的石油。沙特公司通常并不参与运输安排。
Before the conflict, Aramco’s main customers in Asia arranged vessels to collect oil they bought from the company at the Ras Tanura export terminal, deep inside the Gulf. The Saudi company generally wasn’t involved in arranging the shipping.
自战争爆发以来，一些船东一直不愿进入霍尔木兹海峡，导致买家即便有油可买，也难以以合理成本租到油轮。由此催生了“霍尔木兹穿梭运输系统”，阿拉伯联合酋长国、沙特阿拉伯、科威特和伊拉克正是通过该系统，在航道外利用船对船转运方式交付货物。
Since the war began, some shipowners have been reluctant to enter Hormuz, leaving buyers struggling to secure tankers at a reasonable cost even when oil is available. That gave rise to the Hormuz shuttling system that the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq have used to deliver their cargoes outside the waterway via ship-to-ship transfers.
据消息人士称，沙特阿美公司一直通过这种穿梭运输方式供应其三大主要出口油种——阿拉伯轻质油、中质油和重质油。
Saudi Aramco has been supplying its three main export grades — Arab Light, Medium and Heavy — using these shuttles, the people said.
最近，该公司还允许部分买家在印度海岸附近进行船对船转运，其中一位消息人士透露。这一安排为因安全问题无法前往阿曼湾的客户提供了一种可能更安全的选择，同时也有助于缓解阿拉伯半岛港口周边的拥堵状况。
Recently, the company has also allowed some buyers to conduct ship-to-ship transfer off the coast of India, one of the people said. That allows customers who can’t travel to the Gulf of Oman because of security issues a potentially safer option, while also helping to alleviate congestion around Arabian peninsula ports.
消息人士还表示，沙特阿美公司也在探索安排更多原油直接运送给客户的方式。除了促进出口流通外，这些方案还可能让沙特阿美从穿越霍尔木兹海峡的船舶租赁费用飙升中分得一杯羹。
Aramco is also exploring ways to arrange the shipping to deliver more crude directly to customers, the people said. In addition to facilitating the flow of exports, these options could also allow Aramco to capture some of the gains from the soaring cost of hiring ships to traverse Hormuz, the people said.
此外，一些亚洲客户也与沙特阿美公司进行了讨论，希望将长期合同采购的定价基准从迪拜油和阿曼油改为布伦特原油期货，消息人士称。这也意味着这家海湾地区生产商将展现出更高程度的灵活性。
Some Asian customers have also been in discussions with Aramco to potentially price long-term, contractual purchases against Brent futures instead of the Dubai and Oman benchmarks, the people said. That would also represent a new degree of flexibility from the Gulf producer.