以色列著名的极端正统派拉比多夫·兰多因发表贬低犹太复国主义的言论而成为舆论焦点。
One of Israel’s top ultra-Orthodox rabbis, Dov Lando, has become the centre of controversy in Israel after comments emerged in which he denigrated Zionism.
在最近曝光的一段视频中，这位96岁的拉比称，犹太复国主义理念给犹太民族带来了诸多“灾难”，甚至认为没有以色列这个国家，犹太人或许会过得更好。
In a recently released video recording, the 96-year-old rabbi is heard saying the ideology of Zionism caused the Jewish people to suffer “disasters”, and that Jewish Israelis may have been better off without a state.
这些言论引发了以色列政界人士的强烈谴责。此时正值该国举行具有里程碑意义的立法选举，而日益壮大的极端正统派群体——尤其是其在兵役问题上的立场——正是本次选举的核心议题之一。此外，极端正统派政党的政治倾向也可能对下届政府的组建起到决定性作用。那么，兰多究竟是谁？他的言论为何如此引人关注呢？多夫·兰多是谁？
The remarks have drawn rebukes from Israeli politicians weeks before landmark legislative elections, in which the role of the country’s growing ultra-Orthodox community – particularly over military service– is a major issue. The political alignment of ultra-Orthodox parties could also prove crucial to the formation of the next government. So, who is Lando and why are his comments significant? Who is Dov Lando?
多夫·兰多现年96岁，被视作以色列立陶宛裔极端正统派群体的领袖。他出生于波兰，自幼接受立陶宛式极端正统派宗教教育，如今在以色列的布内布拉克市执掌一所犹太传统宗教学校。
Dov Lando is a 96-year-old rabbi regarded as the leader of Israel’s Lithuanian ultra-Orthodox community. Born in Poland and raised in the Lithuanian-style ultra-Orthodox tradition, Lando heads a yeshiva – a traditional Jewish academy – in the Israeli city of Bnei Brak.
兰多是“莫埃策斯·格多莱·哈托拉”委员会的成员，该委员会由多位资深极端正统派拉比组成，负责为整个群体提供宗教指导。同时，他也是以色列“德格尔·哈托拉”党的精神领袖。该党隶属于“联合托拉犹太教”联盟，而该联盟又是以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡执政联盟的组成部分。兰多对犹太复国主义有何评价？
He is a member of Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah, a council of senior ultra-Orthodox rabbis that offer religious guidance to the community, as well as the spiritual leader of Israel’s Degel HaTorah party. That party is part of the United Torah Judaism (UTJ) alliance, which is a member of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s coalition. What has Lando said about Zionism?
本周早些时候，以色列媒体曝光了一段视频，内容是兰多多年前发表的言论，他在其中严厉批评了犹太复国主义、兵役制度以及世俗化的以色列人。
Earlier this week, Israeli media released a video of Lando making year-old comments that harshly criticise Zionism military service and secular Israelis.
此前兰多也曾发表过类似批评性言论。在这段视频中，他声称犹太复国主义“导致阿拉伯人憎恨我们”，给犹太民族带来了物质与精神上的双重“灾难”。
Lando, who has made similarly critical remarks before, is heard in the video saying that Zionism “caused the Arabs to hate us” and brought physical as well as spiritual “disasters” on the Jewish people.
“即便没有国家，犹太人也能与阿拉伯人和平相处，”兰多说道，他还认为由国际社会或巴勒斯坦人来统治以色列对犹太人而言才是“最好的局面”。
“It is possible to live well with the Arabs without a state,” Lando said, adding that international or Palestinian rule would have been “the best situation” for Jews.
兰多随后严厉指责那些信奉宗教锡安主义的士兵——宗教锡安主义是正统犹太教中支持锡安主义的一个派别。他称：“这些士兵丧命是因为他们的拉比向他们传授了被歪曲的《托拉》。”他还指出，许多军事行动“并非为了拯救生命，而是为了维护国家的荣誉”。
Lando went on to castigate soldiers who adhere to Religious Zionism – a strand of Orthodox Judaism that upholds Zionism – saying “they are killed because their rabbis teach them a distorted Torah.”Many military operations, he said, are carried out “not for saving lives, but for the honour of the state”.
这位资深拉比也对世俗以色列人言辞激烈，称他们“与犹太教毫无关联”。他形容这些人建立了一个“背弃信仰、违背教义的国家”。以色列国内对此有何反应？
The veteran rabbi also had harsh words for secular Israelis, who he said have “no connection to Judaism at all”. He described them as having built “a state of apostasy and heresy”. What has been the reaction in Israel?
兰多的言论引发了众多以色列政界人士的强烈批评，包括所有加入反对派联盟、试图挑战内塔尼亚胡地位的政要。
Lando’s remarks have drawn fierce criticism from numerous Israeli politicians, including all major figures that have joined an opposition alliance challenging Netanyahu.
雅沙尔党领袖加迪·艾森科特被视为反对派阵营中最有可能成为总理的人选，他称兰多的“骇人言论”是“反锡安主义的典型表现”。
Gadi Eisenkot, head of the Yashar party who is viewed as the opposition bloc’s most likely candidate for prime minister, said Lando’s “outrageous statements” were “the embodiment of anti-Zionism”.
以色列议会反对派领袖亚伊尔·拉皮德则称这些言论“令所有犹太人蒙羞”。
Yair Lapid, the head of Israel’s opposition in the Knesset, called the comments “a disgrace to every Jew”.
曾与拉皮德共同创立“团结联盟”的前总理纳夫塔利·贝内特指出，兰多的言论具有“反犹太主义、反锡安主义色彩”，且违背了以色列军队的价值观。
Former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, who leads the Together alliance co-founded with Lapid, said Lando’s remarks are “anti-Semitic, anti-Zionist” and against the Israeli military.
内塔尼亚胡尚未对兰多的最新言论作出回应，但他曾在7月份公开谴责过该拉比此前的言论——当时兰多指责宗教锡安主义运动因支持征召宗教学校学生入伍而“煽动谋杀”。这场争议会影响以色列即将举行的选举吗？有可能。
Netanyahu has not commented on Lando’s latest reported remarks, but he publicly condemned earlier statements by the rabbi in July, when Lando accused the Religious Zionism movement of “incitement to murder” for its support for drafting religious seminary students into the military. Could the controversy impact Israel’s upcoming elections? Potentially.
反对内塔尼亚胡的反对派成员呼吁，今后任何政府都不得接纳兰多所在的乌塔伊党，并批评内塔尼亚胡仍与该党保持联盟关系。
Members of the anti-Netanyahu opposition bloc have called for the UTJ, which Lando’s party is part of, to be cast out of any future government, and criticised Netanyahu for staying aligned with the group.
民主党领袖亚伊尔·戈兰则表示，内塔尼亚胡之所以保持沉默，是因为“没有兰多拉比及其追随者，他就无法组建政府”。
Yair Golan, head of the Democrats party, said Netanyahu is “silent because without Rabbi Lando and his emissaries, he has no government”.
“对内塔尼亚胡来说，政治生存比犹太复国主义、比公平的任职机会、甚至比我们士兵的鲜血都更重要，”戈兰说道。
Netanyahu’s “political survival is more important to him than Zionism, more than equality in service, and more than the blood of our soldiers”, Golan said.
然而，如果内塔尼亚胡与UTJ决裂，他将付出巨大的政治代价——他的联合政府已经在为10月27日的选举做准备，而目前的民意调查显示，他的政党获得的选票远低于组建多数政府所需的61个席位。
But breaking with the UTJ would come at a huge political cost to Netanyahu, whose coalition is already in for a tough election battle on October 27 and is polling well below the 61-seat threshold needed for a majority.
根据以色列第12电视台10月5日的一项民意调查，UTJ预计将在议会中获得8个席位。
UTJ is projected to win 8 seats in parliament, according to an October 5 poll by Israel’s Channel 12.
“如果内塔尼亚胡对兰多发起猛烈攻击，他将会失去那些需要与他合作组建政府的极端正统派（Haredim）的支持，”研究以色列事务的埃哈布·贾巴林（Ehab Jabareen）表示；“如果他保持沉默，他的竞争对手就会向右翼选民传递这样一个信息：一个口口声声谈论犹太复国主义和安全问题的领导人，实际上却依赖一个对犹太复国主义本身持怀疑态度的宗教团体。”
“If Netanyahu attacks Lando forcefully, he pays a price with the Haredim (ultra-Orthodox) he needs to form a government,” said Ehab Jabareen, a researcher on Israeli affairs. “If he stays silent, he hands his rivals material to tell right-wing voters that the man who speaks of Zionism and security depends on a religious leadership that doubts Zionism itself.”