法新社分析了此次制裁可能产生的影响、各方可能的应对措施，以及华盛顿采取这一史无前例举措的缘由——国际刑事法院称此举是对法治的“侵犯”。什么是国际刑事法院？它的职能是什么？
AFP breaks down the likely impact of the sanctions, possible responses, and the reasons behind Washington's unprecedented move, which the court said was an "assault on the rule of law". What is the ICC and what does it do? Based in the Dutch city of The Hague, the ICC tries individuals suspected of the world's worst offences -- war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.
国际刑事法院位于荷兰海牙，负责审理涉嫌犯下世界上最严重罪行的个人，包括战争罪、危害人类罪以及种族灭绝罪。
Established in 2002 by the Rome Statute, it currently has 125 members.
该法院依据《罗马规约》于2002年设立，目前拥有125个成员国。美国、俄罗斯、中国、印度和以色列等大国均非其成员国。
Major powers such as the United States, Russia, China, India, and Israel are not members of the court. It is governed by a strict policy of "complementarity", meaning it can only take on cases a suspect's home country is unwilling or unable to try itself.
法院遵循严格的“互补性原则”，即只有在嫌疑人所属国不愿或无力自行审理相关案件时，法院才能介入。
Since its establishment, the court has convicted 15 people, with four acquitted.
自成立以来，该法院已判定15人有罪，另有4人被宣判无罪。批评者指出，法院过于侧重审理发生在非洲的战争罪案件，却未能对主要政治领导人定罪。
Critics say the court has focused too heavily on war crimes committed in Africa and failed to convict major political leaders. However, its most high-profile current case concerns ex-Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte, the first former Asian head of state to stand in the ICC dock.
目前最受瞩目的案件涉及菲律宾前总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特，他成为首位在国际刑事法院受审的亚洲前国家元首。
The court, housed in a shiny glass building on the outskirts of The Hague, employs around 900 staff from 100 nationalities.
这座法院坐落于海牙郊外一栋闪闪发光的玻璃大楼内，雇用了来自100个国家的约900名工作人员。
It is often confused with the International Court of Justice, also based in The Hague, which settles disputes between countries.
人们常将其与同样设在海牙、负责裁决国家间争端的国际法院相混淆。这些制裁会产生什么影响？
What impact will sanctions have? The Trump administration has already issued several rounds of sanctions against top ICC officials but these latest actions go further, targeting the entire court.
特朗普政府此前已对多名国际刑事法院高级官员实施了多轮制裁，而此次举措更为严厉，直接针对整个法院。
ICC officials are concerned about access to banking, credit card facilities, insurance, and especially technology, given a heavy reliance on US systems.
鉴于国际刑事法院高度依赖美国的技术体系，其官员们对能否继续使用银行服务、信用卡、保险服务乃至各类技术产品深感担忧。
"We have been extremely dependent on US technology solutions, Microsoft or systems related to Microsoft," acting chief prosecutor Mame Mandiaye Niang told AFP in a recent interview.
“我们一直极度依赖美国的技术解决方案，比如微软的产品及相关系统，”代理首席检察官马梅·曼迪亚耶·尼昂近日在接受法新社采访时说道。
"We are trying to find alternative means, maybe not as effective as the US technology, but at least to be able to maintain our independence, to be able to continue to work," said Niang.
“我们正在努力寻找替代方案——或许这些方案的效果不如美国的技术，但至少能帮助我们保持独立性，继续开展工作，”尼昂说道。
The prosecutor, himself the target of sanctions, said they crippled daily life -- he was unable to book transport, hotels, or conduct banking operations.
这位本人也成为制裁对象的检察官表示，制裁严重影响了日常生活：他无法预订交通工具和酒店，也无法进行银行业务。
But expanding them to the entire institution raises questions about the ICC's ability to pay staff, conduct investigations abroad, protect witnesses, and even operate its detention facilities.
然而，若将制裁范围扩大至整个国际刑事法院，就会引发诸多疑问：该法院是否还能支付员工薪酬、在境外开展调查、保护证人，甚至维持拘留设施的正常运转？“这是对我们韧性的考验，”尼昂坦言。荷兰及欧洲能做些什么呢？
"This is a test of our resilience," admitted Niang. What can the Dutch/Europeans do? As the host city, the Dutch have a special responsibility to the ICC under the terms of a "Headquarters Agreement" signed in 2008.
作为东道国，根据2008年签署的《总部协定》，荷兰对国际刑事法院负有特殊责任。该协定要求荷兰保护法院的设施与工作人员，提供“一切必要的通讯手段”，并确保“金融资产不受任何限制”。
This obliges the Netherlands to protect ICC facilities and staff, provide "any means of communication" and ensure "freedom of financial assets from restrictions". In an unusually fiery speech last month at the United Nations General Assembly, Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten vowed to defend the ICC "in my country, in my city".
上个月，荷兰首相罗布·耶滕在联合国大会上发表了一场言辞激烈的演讲，誓言要“在我的国家、我的城市”捍卫国际刑事法院。
"How can you possibly be opposed to prosecuting the very worst crimes?
“怎么可能有人反对惩处那些最恶劣的罪行呢？我认为答案只有一个：‘别干涉国际刑事法院’，”耶滕的发言赢得了热烈掌声。
I believe there can be only one response: 'hands off the ICC'," said Jetten to warm applause.
荷兰外交大臣汤姆·贝伦斯滕表示，荷兰将“竭尽全力”确保国际刑事法院能够继续运作。
Dutch Foreign Minister Tom Berendsen said the Netherlands would "do everything necessary" to ensure the ICC could continue to function.
一种可能的方案是由欧盟委员会启用名为“阻断机制”的法律工具。该机制禁止欧洲企业“主动或故意不作为地”遵守美国制裁措施，从而帮助欧盟减轻制裁带来的冲击。
One possibility would be for the European Commission to deploy a legal instrument known as the "blocking mechanism". This prohibits European firms from obeying the US sanctions "actively or by deliberate omission", giving the EU a potential means of cushioning some of the impact.
贝伦斯滕称，欧盟的阻断机制被视为“终极手段”，不过荷兰已要求布鲁塞尔做好相关准备。美国为何要这么做呢？
The EU blocking mechanism is seen as the "nuclear option", said Berendsen, adding that the Netherlands had nevertheless asked Brussels to prepare it. Why is the US doing this?
由于国际刑事法院以在加沙涉嫌犯下罪行为由对美国的亲密盟友——以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡发出了逮捕令，美国对此极为愤怒。
The US is furious the court issued an arrest warrant for close ally, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, over alleged crimes in Gaza.
此外，美国还担心国际刑事法院对阿富汗问题的调查可能导致美国人员遭到指控。
It is also concerned an ICC investigation into Afghanistan could result in accusations against US personnel.
特朗普加大了对这一被他称为“流氓机构”及“邪恶团伙”的法院的抨击力度，美国也誓言要“一块砖一块砖地”拆毁该法院。
Trump has upped his rhetoric against what he has called a "rogue institution" and "evil group of people" and the US has vowed to dismantle the court "brick-by-brick".
不过，即便是在态度相对温和的总统执政时期，华盛顿也始终对国际刑事法院持排斥态度，从未考虑加入其中。
But even under less pugnacious presidents, Washington has never been a fan of the ICC and never considered joining.
美国有一项名为《海牙入侵法案》的法律，允许其采取“一切必要且适当的手段”来保护被国际刑事法院拘留的美国人员或盟友。
The US has a law dubbed the "Hague Invasion Act", allowing it to take "all means necessary and appropriate" to defend US personnel or allies detained by the ICC.
在制裁措施公布前几小时，耶滕在讲话中明确针对华盛顿发声，誓言要“一块砖一块砖地”捍卫国际刑事法院。
In a clear swipe at Washington, Jetten vowed to defend the ICC "brick by brick" in comments just hours before the sanctions were announced.