一项新研究指出，一种常见的神经发育障碍可能与痴呆症风险相关。
A common neurodevelopmental disorder could be linked to dementia risk, a new study suggests.
由匹兹堡大学医学院主导的研究涉及18.7万名50岁及以上的成年人，发现注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与痴呆症或轻度认知障碍（MCI）风险显著升高有关。
Research led by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, involving more than 187,000 adults aged 50 and older, found that ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) was associated with a substantially increased risk of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
这项观察性研究分析了美国国家卫生研究院“全民研究计划”中参与者的电子健康记录和遗传信息。
The observational study looked at electronic health records and genetic information of participants who were enrolled in the U.S. National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program.
研究揭示7个新的痴呆症风险因素——其中包括数百万人面临的困扰。研究发现，ADHD患者中6.7%出现了认知障碍，而非ADHD患者中这一比例为3.4%——几乎高出一倍。
7 NEW DEMENTIA RISK FACTORS REVEALED — INCLUDING ONE MILLIONS STRUGGLE WITH Cognitive impairment was observed in 6.7% of participants with ADHD versus 3.4% without the disorder — nearly twice the rate.
研究人员在调整年龄、性别和其他健康状况后指出，ADHD患者的风险高出四倍以上。
After researchers adjusted for age, gender and other health conditions, those with ADHD had more than four times the risk.
研究人员承认，这项于10月7日发表在《JAMA精神病学》杂志上的研究结果仅显示相关性，无法确定ADHD会直接增加痴呆症风险。
The findings — which were published Oct. 7 in JAMA Psychiatry — only show an association and cannot determine that ADHD increases dementia risk, the researchers acknowledged.
“这并不能证明ADHD会导致痴呆症，但在医疗记录和基因数据中独立观察到相同模式，让我们更有信心认为这种关联并非单纯由ADHD的诊断方式所造成，”高级作者、匹兹堡大学精神病学和神经病学副教授Tharick A. Pascoal在一份新闻稿中表示。“两种不同类型的证据都指向了同一个方向。”
另一项研究则发现，中年时期避免三种行为可能意味着多活13年而不会患上痴呆症。与此同时，ADHD遗传易感性最高的人群，其痴呆症风险比遗传易感性最低的人群高出35%。
"This doesn’t prove that ADHD causes dementia, but seeing the same pattern show up independently in medical records and in people’s genes gives us greater confidence that the association is not simply an artifact of how ADHD gets diagnosed," said senior author Tharick A. Pascoal, associate professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Pitt, in a press release. "Two different kinds of evidence are pointing in the same direction." 3 THINGS TO AVOID IN MIDDLE AGE COULD MEAN 13 MORE YEARS WITHOUT DEMENTIA, STUDY FINDS Meanwhile, those with the highest genetic susceptibility to ADHD were found to have a 35% greater risk of dementia than those with the lowest susceptibility.
“将遗传信息与多年的健康记录相结合进行分析，使我们能够识别出在规模较小或更传统的研究中可能无法发现的规律，”匹兹堡大学生物医学数据科学领域的共同第一作者兼博士后研究员Guilherme Bauer-Negrini在新闻稿中表示。
"Analyzing genetic information alongside years of health records allows us to identify patterns that might not be visible in a smaller or more traditional study," said Guilherme Bauer-Negrini, co-first author and postdoctoral associate in biomedical data science at Pitt, in the release.
“借助这类数据，我们可以开始探究究竟是什么导致了这种关联，以及这些因素中是否有任何一种可以通过调整来支持更健康的认知衰老过程。”拥有超过20年阿尔茨海默病和认知衰退患者治疗经验的老年医学与痴呆症专家Elizabeth Landsverk博士指出，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者可能在组织规划方面面临更多困难，这或许会加剧其认知功能受损的风险，尽管神经系统的差异也可能在其中发挥作用。
"With this kind of data, we can start to investigate what may be driving this association and whether any of those factors could be modified to support healthier cognitive aging." Dr. Elizabeth Landsverk, a geriatric medicine and dementia expert with over 20 years of experience treating patients with Alzheimer’s and cognitive decline noted that people with ADHD can have more difficulty with organization, which could contribute to the higher risk of cognitive impairment, although neurological differences may also play a role.
“对他们来说，持续关注健康问题并按时就医可能更为困难，”Landsverk告诉福克斯新闻数字版。她是一位居住在加利福尼亚州的医生，并未参与这项研究。
"It might [be] that keeping on top of health issues and getting to the doctor is more difficult for them," Landsverk, a California-based doctor who is not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital.
该研究还发现，ADHD患者利用医疗资源的比例高出20%，她指出。
The study also found that people with ADHD had a 20% higher incidence of utilizing health resources she pointed out.
“我刚办理了医疗保险，深知其中的复杂性——如果你在集中注意力和完成任务方面存在困难，可能就无法获得所需的资源，”Landsverk说，“你可能无法去看医生，也可能无法得到血压方面的管理。因此，这两者之间很可能存在关联。”
"Having just signed up for Medicare, I know that it's really complicated — if you have trouble with focusing and getting things done, you may not be able to get the resources that you need," Landsverk said. "You may not be able to go to the doctor. You may not get your blood pressure taken care of.
点击此处查看更多健康新闻。“这又回到了先天与后天的争论上——尤其是当我们从50岁开始研究，而不是从20岁开始。”Landsverk表示，ADHD与其他状况之间的界限可能难以区分，因为部分症状可能存在重叠。
So there's probably a correlation." CLICK HERE FOR MORE HEALTH STORIES "It goes back to nature versus nurture — particularly if we're starting at age 50, as opposed to starting at 20." It can be challenging to distinguish between ADHD and as some of the symptoms may overlap, according to Landsverk.
“我想象一下，它看起来可能也差不多，”她说。“你知道的，你可能不记得自己为什么走进某个房间，不记得钥匙放在哪里，甚至不记得某个女演员的名字。”这位专家指出，如果一个人难以处理日常事务，那就值得担忧。
CLICK HERE TO "I imagine it can look similar," she said. "You know, you don't remember why you went into a room. You don't know where your keys are, you don't remember the name of an actress." It is cause for concern if the individual struggles to take care of day-to-day tasks, the expert noted.
“如果你付不了账单，无法正确服药，无法按时就医，告诉别人要去做某件事却最终没有做到——这时候就需要去检查了。”兰斯韦克指出，判断力、情绪或社交行为的改变可能比多动症更能提示痴呆症。
"You can't pay your bills, you can't get your medications right, you can't get to your appointments, you tell people that you're going to do stuff and then you don't — that's when you need to get checked." Changes in judgment, mood or social behavior may be more suggestive of dementia than ADHD, Landsverk noted.
尽管研究发现了多动症与认知障碍之间的关联，但兰斯韦克强调，一些生活方式的调整可以帮助人们降低整体的痴呆症风险。
Although the study found an association between ADHD and cognitive impairment, Landsverk emphasized that some lifestyle behaviors can help people reduce their overall dementia risk.
她指出，保持健康体重、避免吸烟和过量饮酒、坚持身体活动，以及控制血压、胆固醇和糖尿病，都是重要的可改变因素。
She pointed to maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol and staying physically active as important modifiable factors, along with controlling blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes.
“我们能做的还有很多，”兰斯韦克说，并建议采用以植物为主的食物结构，每天至少进行30分钟的运动。她补充说，身体活动还有助于改善情绪和注意力。
"There's a lot we can do," Landsverk said, recommending a largely plant-based diet and at least 30 minutes of daily exercise. Physical activity can also help improve mood and focus, she added.
兰斯韦克建议，任何在记忆、注意力、组织能力或处理日常事务方面存在持续问题的人，都应该考虑寻求专家进行评估。
Anyone experiencing persistent problems with memory, focus, organization or managing everyday tasks should consider seeing an expert for an evaluation, Landsverk advised.