哥伦比亚，波哥大——哥伦比亚的转型正义体系周二指控10名前哥伦比亚革命武装力量（FARC）叛军成员犯有多项战争罪和危害人类罪，称这些罪行是针对五个原住民群体实施的。
BOGOTA, Colombia — Colombia’s transitional justice system Tuesday charged 10 former members of the rebel Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia with multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity, which it said were committed against five Indigenous groups.
在新闻发布会上，和平特别法庭（JEP）表示，从1996年到2016年，这些嫌疑人曾主导对原住民领袖的酷刑、谋杀和强迫流离失所。法庭还称，他们命令下属在原住民领土上布设地雷，并破坏各部落赖以生存的生态系统。
In a news conference the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, or JEP, said that between 1996 and 2016 the suspects oversaw the torture, murder and forced displacement of Indigenous leaders. It said they also ordered their subordinates to place landmines in Indigenous territory and destroy ecosystems that tribes rely on for their survival.
“今天，我们正为被遗忘的、在分裂社会中的哥伦比亚人民伸张正义，”JEP法官卡塔丽娜·迪亚斯周二表示。“这些人的基本生存权受到了侵犯。”被指控者中包括FARC最后一个秘书处的前三名成员，他们被控对哥伦比亚东南部一个偏远地区生活的部落发动系统性攻击。该地区覆盖着雨林和草原，FARC曾长期在此实施严格的领土控制。
“Today we are delivering justice to the most forgotten peoples of a segregated Colombia,” JEP magistrate Catalina Diaz said Tuesday. “These people have had their basic right to exist compromised.”Three former members of the FARC’s last secretariat are among those charged with waging systematic attacks against tribes living in a remote area of southeast Colombia that is covered by rainforests and savannahs and where the FARC often exerted strict territorial control.
嫌疑人之一胡利安·加洛在该叛军组织与哥伦比亚政府达成和平协议后，曾担任参议员八年。该协议授予其领导层在哥伦比亚国会中的10个席位。
One of the suspects, Julian Gallo, served as a senator for eight years after the rebel group made a peace deal with Colombia’s government that gave its leadership 10 seats in Colombia’s congress.
科雷瓜耶部落的领袖伊洪·哈伊罗·菲格罗亚出席了周二的新闻发布会，并表示感谢JEP接手此案。
Yhon Jairo Figueroa, a leader of the Koreguaje tribe attended Tuesday’s press conference and said he was thankful to the JEP for taking on the case.
他说：“哥伦比亚国家首次承认，（武装组织）不仅杀害了个人，还试图摧毁原住民群体的知识、语言和领土。”
“For the first time the Colombian state recognizes that (armed groups) did not just kill individuals,” he said. “But they attempted to kill the knowledge, the language, the territory” of Indigenous groups.
该特别法庭设立于2016年哥伦比亚政府与FARC叛军达成的和平协议期间，旨在调查双方在数十年内战中犯下的罪行，并帮助受害者寻求赔偿与真相。
The special tribunal was established during the 2016 peace deal between the Colombian government and the FARC rebels with the aim of investigating crimes committed by both sides during decades of internal strife, and helping victims seek reparation and truth.
一个独立的真相委员会也是2016年和平协议的一部分，该委员会发现，冲突中至少有45万人死亡，700万人被迫离开家园。
An independent truth commission that was also part of the 2016 peace agreement, found that at least 450,000 people were killed in the conflict, and 7 million were forced to leave their homes.
前FARC领导人有30天时间回应由特别司法管辖机构提出的指控。
The former FARC leaders have 30 days to respond to the charges filed by the JEP.
该法庭的章程表明，如果嫌疑人承认指控并配合调查，他们将不会面临监禁。相反，他们必须向受害者提供赔偿，并参与真相与和解计划。不承认指控且被认定犯有战争罪的嫌疑人将面临最高20年监禁。
The tribunal’s statutes indicate that if suspects accept charges and collaborate with investigations, they will not face time in prison. Instead they will have to provide reparations to victims and participate in truth and reconciliation schemes. Suspects who do not accept charges and are found guilty of committing war crimes face up to 20 years in prison.