印度尼西亚一所监狱内出现豪华设施一事，再次引发了人们对东南亚地区富裕囚犯是否享有特殊待遇的担忧。
Luxury accommodation uncovered at an Indonesian prison has reignited concerns about preferential treatment for wealthy convicts across Southeast Asia.
带空调的公寓、平板电视，甚至高尔夫模拟器——这些显然不是大多数人想象中狱中生活该有的样子。然而，就在上个月，在印度尼西亚监察署的突击检查中，位于雅加达附近的西比农监狱内竟发现了这些奢华设施。
Sofas, a flatscreen TV and a kitchen were some of the luxuries uncovered Air-conditioned apartments, flat-screen televisions and even a golf simulator are hardly what most people would associate with life behind bars. Yet these luxuries were among the facilities uncovered last month at Indonesia 's Cibinong Prison, near Jakarta, during a surprise inspection by the country's Ombudsman.
检查人员发现，监狱内设有十余套类似公寓的居住单元，每套都配有冰箱、沙发以及私人活动空间。据悉，当时还有一座健身房正在修建中。
Investigators discovered more than 10 apartment-style units equipped with refrigerators, sofas and private living areas. A gym was also reportedly under construction.
这一发现促使当局展开调查，以确认是否有囚犯花钱买通关系以获得特殊待遇。起初有五名狱警被停职，10月5日，该监狱的狱长也被免职。随后，当局拆除了十栋未经许可建造的建筑物，并对相关狱警采取了进一步的纪律处分措施。
The revelations prompted an investigation into whether inmates had paid for preferential treatment Five prison officials were initially suspended, while the prison's warden was dismissed on October 5. Authorities demolished 10 unauthorized buildings and took further disciplinary action against prison staff.
这并非印尼首次出现监狱奢华化丑闻。2018年，印尼反腐败委员会的调查人员就发现，万隆苏卡米斯基监狱中的富裕囚犯所住的房间宛如私人公寓一般。
It wasn't Indonesia's first luxury prison scandal In 2018, investigators from the Corruption Eradication Commission discovered that wealthy inmates at Sukamiskin Prison in Bandung enjoyed accommodation resembling private apartments.
类似的争议在东南亚其他国家也屡见不鲜。去年11月，泰国当局对曼谷还押所内中国籍囚犯享有特殊待遇的指控展开了调查，据称这些囚犯可使用专属行政休息室。
Similar controversies have emerged elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Last November, authorities in Thailand investigated allegations that Chinese prisoners at Bangkok Remand Prison received special privileges, including access to an executive lounge.
在马来西亚，有关与政界有联系的囚犯获得特殊待遇的传闻也屡次出现。此次印尼丑闻的曝光，更是促使人们再次呼吁对马来西亚的监狱进行独立检查。为何东南亚地区的“VIP囚犯”丑闻屡禁不止呢？
Malaysia allegations of preferential treatment for politically connected prisoners have repeatedly surfaced. The latest Indonesian scandal prompted renewed calls for independent inspections of Malaysian prisons. Why do VIP prison scandals in Southeast Asia keep recurring?
“正如外部世界一样，金钱和影响力在监狱系统中也充当资本。有影响力的囚犯通常不会失去他们的财富，并且经常与有影响力的人保持密切联系，”印度尼西亚拘留研究中心（CDS）的高级研究员伊瓦·毛拉纳对德国之声表示。
"Just like in the outside world, money and influence act as capital within the prison system. Powerful inmates generally do not lose their wealth and often maintain strong connections with influential people," Iwa Maulana, a senior researcher at Indonesia's Center for Detention Studies (CDS), told DW.
“当某些囚犯因其资源和影响力而受到不同待遇时，这表明，就像在外部世界一样，一个人的身份会影响他们受到的待遇，即使是在监狱墙内，”他补充道。拥挤且资源匮乏的监狱系统也为腐败创造了机会。
"When certain inmates receive different treatment based on their resources and influence, it demonstrates that, much like in the outside world, a person's identity affects how they are treated, even within prison walls," he added. Overcrowded and poorly resourced prison systems also create opportunities for corruption.
根据政府数据，尽管印尼的拘留设施官方容量约为15.4万人，但在九月下旬，其拘留设施仍关押了约27.9万人。
Indonesia's detention facilities held approximately 279,000 people in late September, despite having an official capacity of around 154,000, according to government data.
泰国的监狱也严重超员。根据世界监狱简报，截至2025年底，泰国监狱关押了约30.1万名囚犯，超过官方容量约21%。
Thailand's prisons are also severely overcrowded. At the end of 2025, they held approximately 301,000 inmates, around 21% above official capacity, according to the World Prison Brief.
监狱行政部门内的腐败也反映了更广泛的治理问题，东南亚国家在透明国际年度腐败感知指数中经常排名垫底。
Corruption within prison administrations also reflects wider governance problems, with Southeast Asian states routinely appearing at the bottom of Transparency International's annual Corruption Perceptions Index.
在贿赂和裙带关系已经影响公共服务的地方，监狱官员可能面临类似的激励，以金钱或好处交换优待。
Where bribery and patronage already influence public services, prison officials may face similar incentives to exchange preferential treatment for money or favors.
“腐败和政治干预可能解释特定案例，”布里斯托尔大学犯罪学高级讲师纳斯鲁尔·伊斯梅尔对德国之声表示。他最近对马来西亚、泰国和菲律宾的监狱治理进行了重大研究。
"Corruption and political interference may explain particular cases," Nasrul Ismail, senior lecturer in criminology at the University of Bristol, who recently conducted a major study of prison governance in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines, told DW.
“当决策在闭门进行时，关于谁获得什么以及为什么缺乏透明度，这就为个人关系和财务资源影响待遇提供了机会，”伊斯梅尔说。印尼监狱中未成年囚犯的生存状况为观看该视频，……不过他指出，这一问题的根源并不仅限于少数富有的囚犯享有特殊特权这一现象。
"When decisions are made behind closed doors, with limited transparency about who receives what and why, there are opportunities for personal connections and financial resources to influence treatment," Ismail said. Life of child prisoners in Indonesian jails To view this video , and However, he argues the problem extends beyond a relatively small number of wealthy inmates enjoying extraordinary privileges.
在整个东南亚地区，许多囚犯都依赖家人的经济资助来购买监狱管理部门不提供的日常必需品。
Across Southeast Asia, many prisoners depend on financial support from their families for everyday necessities that prison administrations do not provide.
伊斯梅尔表示，家境贫寒的囚犯往往要靠亲属往监狱小卖部账户里汇款，才能买到食物、干净的水以及卫生用品。
Ismail said poorer inmates often rely on money deposited by relatives into prison canteen accounts to purchase food, clean water and hygiene products.
“这与那些享受豪华住宿条件的富有的囚犯情况有所不同，但两者都反映出：通过不同的制度安排，社会上的不平等现象同样会在监狱环境中重现。当最基本的生存标准无法得到切实保障时，能否获得良好的生存环境便取决于囚犯自身拥有的资源与人脉。”伊斯梅尔对德国之声说道。
"This is distinct from wealthy prisoners receiving luxury accommodation, but both illustrate how broader inequalities can be reproduced within prisons through different institutional arrangements. Where minimum standards are not consistently guaranteed, access to decent conditions becomes dependent on the resources and connections prisoners possess," Ismail told DW.
“问题的核心并非仅仅是富有的囚犯是否享有特殊待遇，而是为何在监狱中获得基本福利与人道对待的机会会出现如此大的差异。”监狱制度能否实现改革呢？
"The fundamental issue is not simply whether wealthy prisoners receive special privileges, but why access to basic welfare and humane treatment can be so unequal in the first place." Can prison systems be reformed?
接连发生的丑闻表明，仅仅撤换相关官员、拆除违规建筑，若没有更深层次的制度改革，也难以取得成效。
Repeated scandals suggest that dismissing officials and demolishing unauthorized facilities achieve little without broader institutional reforms.
开展独立检查或许是一种可行的解决方案。联合国制定的《纳尔逊·曼德拉规则》便要求定期开展内部检查，并引入独立于监狱管理部门的外部监督机制。
Independent inspections are one possible solution. The UN's Nelson Mandela Rules call for regular internal inspections and external monitoring by bodies independent of prison administrations.
提高关于囚犯住宿条件、转狱安排、医疗救治及纪律处分决定的透明度，也能让特权现象更难被掩盖。
Greater transparency over inmate accommodation, transfers, medical treatment and disciplinary decisions would also make preferential treatment harder to conceal.
缓解监狱过度拥挤的状况、加强狱警培训以及保护举报人，同样有助于减少腐败滋生的空间。
Reducing overcrowding, improving staff training and protecting whistleblowers could further limit opportunities for corruption.
不过，CDS研究所研究员毛拉纳认为，要实现真正意义上的改革，还需从根本上改变刑事司法体系的运作方式。菲律宾最大的监狱为囚犯举行集体葬礼“目前的制度主要将监禁作为主要的惩罚形式，导致执法部门经常诉诸监禁以应对各种法律违规行为，”这导致了拥挤，并为腐败创造了机会。
But CDS researcher Maulana believes meaningful reform requires a more fundamental change in how criminal justice systems operate. Philippines' largest prison holds mass burial for inmates "The current system primarily treats imprisonment as the main form of punishment, leading law enforcement to frequently resort to incarceration for all types of legal violations," which leads to overcrowding and creates opportunities for corruption.
“加强实施非监禁性处罚和拘留替代方案的努力至关重要，”毛拉纳说。
"It is essential to intensify efforts to implement non-custodial penalties and alternatives to detention," Maulana said.
尽管监狱当局无法消除其墙外的社会不平等，但伊斯梅尔认为，东南亚政府过去曾展现出“相当的能力”来应对监狱内部的紧急情况。
Although prison authorities cannot eliminate the social inequalities outside their walls, Ismail argues that Southeast Asian governments have previously shown a "considerable capacity" to respond to emergencies inside prisons.
在COVID-19疫情期间，政府迅速控制了拘留设施中的疫情爆发，并防止感染向更广泛的人群传播。然而，此类干预很少转化为囚犯生活条件的持久改善。
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments quickly contained outbreaks in detention facilities and prevented infections from spreading into the wider population. Yet such interventions rarely translate into lasting improvements in prisoners' living conditions.
伊斯梅尔将此描述为“选择性国家能力”，即“当监狱疫情爆发威胁到监狱墙外的公共卫生时，政府展现出相当的行动能力，但未能维持相当程度的囚犯日常福利改善，”他说。
Ismail describes this as "selective state capacity," whereby "governments demonstrated considerable ability to act when prison outbreaks threatened public health beyond prison walls, yet failed to sustain comparable improvements in prisoners' everyday welfare," he said.
每当豪华监狱丑闻引起公众关注时，就会出现类似的模式。“调查会被宣布，官员可能被停职或解雇，并引入新程序。所有这些措施可能是必要且重要的，但它们不一定会改变使得优待成为可能的制度安排，”伊斯梅尔说。
A similar pattern emerges whenever luxury prison scandals attract public attention. "Investigations are announced, officials may be suspended or dismissed, and new procedures introduced. All of these measures can be necessary and important, but they do not necessarily change the institutional arrangements that enabled preferential treatment," said Ismail.
“危险在于，监狱系统在应对丑闻方面变得更好，而防止导致其反复发生的条件方面却没有进步。”
"The danger is that prison systems become better at responding to scandals than preventing the conditions that allow them to recur."