巴西与中国的贸易额在今年前九个月达到创纪录的1430亿美元，巴西石油销量因伊朗战争导致海湾供应中断而激增，这是巴西-中国商业委员会报告的结论。
Trade between Brazil and China reached a record US$143 billion in the first nine months of the year, driven by Brazilian oil sales that surged after the war on Iran disrupted Gulf supply, according to a report by the Brazil-China Business Council.
巴西对华出口在1月至9月期间增长12%，达到847亿美元；而自华进口增长9.9%，达到586亿美元，该委员会在其对政府数据的季度分析中表示。由此产生的261亿美元贸易顺差相当于巴西与全世界贸易顺差的42%。
Brazilian exports to China rose 12 per cent to US$84.7 billion between January and September, while imports from China grew 9.9 per cent to US$58.6 billion, the council said in its quarterly analysis of government data. The resulting US$26.1 billion surplus equalled 42 per cent of Brazil’s trade surplus with the world.
原油占据了增长的主要部分，巴西对华原油销量增长49%，达到创纪录的218亿美元，因为按体积计算的出货量增长27%，价格上涨16.8%。中国进口了巴西出口原油的一半，几乎是印度的七倍，而印度是巴西的第二大买家。
Crude oil accounted for most of the gain, with sales to China jumping 49 per cent to a record US$21.8 billion as shipments rose 27 per cent by volume and prices climbed 16.8 per cent. China took half of all the crude Brazil exported, nearly seven times the share of India, the next-largest buyer.
该委员会在报告中表示，中东紧张局势以及霍尔木兹海峡石油流通中断的风险“增加了对更稳定供应商的需求，有利于巴西，巴西是该商品的重要出口国”。
Tensions in the Middle East and the risk of disruption to oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz “increased the search for more stable suppliers, favouring Brazil, an important exporter of the commodity”, the council said in the report.
据船舶追踪公司Kpler称，在美以对伊朗的袭击于2月下旬末开始后，德黑兰实际上封锁了霍尔木兹海峡，切断了运输中国超过一半海运原油进口的航线。
Tehran effectively closed the strait after US and Israeli strikes on Iran began in late February, cutting off a route that carried more than half of China’s seaborne crude imports, according to ship-tracking firm Kpler.
根据美国能源信息管理局引用的中国海关数据，尽管中国第二季度原油总进口下降32%，但中国买家仍增加了从巴西的采购。巴西对全球市场的原油出口增长28.7%，达到430亿美元，其中对印度的出口增长165%。
Chinese buyers increased purchases from Brazil even as China’s total crude imports fell 32 per cent in the second quarter, according to Chinese customs data cited by the US Energy Information Administration. Brazil’s crude exports to all markets grew 28.7 per cent to US$43 billion, with sales to India up 165 per cent.
石油如今占巴西对华出口的25.8%，较去年同期上升6.3个百分点，仅次于大豆的35.4%。报告显示，这一变化使里约热内卢成为对华最大的出口州，因为该州供应了销往中国市场的原油的89%。
Oil now makes up 25.8 per cent of Brazilian exports to China, up 6.3 percentage points from a year earlier and second only to soybeans at 35.4 per cent. The shift has made Rio de Janeiro the largest exporting state to China, the report showed, as it supplied 89 per cent of the crude sold to the Chinese market.
九个月的数据还显示，这一繁荣正在失去动力，因为该委员会7月曾报告称，上半年对华出口增长了22%，而中国占巴西原油出口的54%。
The nine-month figures also show the boom losing pace, since the council reported in July that exports to China had grown 22 per cent in the first half and that China had taken 54 per cent of Brazil’s crude.
根据Kpler和Vortexa的数据，尽管伊朗本月对油轮的袭击有所加剧，但排除伊朗的海湾石油出口在6月美伊达成协议后，于9月恢复到了战前水平的81%以上。
Gulf oil exports excluding Iran recovered to more than 81 per cent of pre-war levels in September after a US-Iran agreement in June, according to Kpler and Vortexa, although Iranian attacks on tankers have intensified this month.
牛肉是巴西销售下降的最大拖累，出口额下降8.5%至55亿美元，出口量下降22%，原因是巴西在中国保障措施下填满了其年度配额110万吨。
Beef was the biggest drag on Brazilian sales, falling 8.5 per cent to US$5.5 billion with volumes down 22 per cent, after Brazil filled its annual quota of 1.1 million tonnes under a Chinese safeguard.
自本月起，超出该配额的出口需缴纳55%的附加税，而9月对华销售仅为6830万美元，相比之下去年同期为10.5亿美元。
Shipments above it have paid a 55 per cent surtax since the start of this month, and September sales to China came to just US$68.3 million, compared with US$1.05 billion a year earlier.
报告显示，中国在巴西牛肉买家中的排名已降至第五位，占总比例的5.6%，低于美国的21.5%。在九个月期间，巴西对美国的出口下降了6.5%，美国占巴西海外销售的9.6%，而中国则占29.7%。
China fell to fifth place among buyers of Brazilian beef in September with 5.6 per cent of the total, the report showed, behind the United States at 21.5 per cent. Over the nine months, Brazilian exports to the United States fell 6.5 per cent, and the US took 9.6 per cent of Brazil’s sales abroad against 29.7 per cent for China.
电动汽车带动了来自中国的进口增长，插电式混合动力汽车采购额增长89%至28.7亿美元，纯电动汽车采购额增长341%至约24亿美元。
Electrified cars led the growth in imports from China, with purchases of plug-in hybrids up 89 per cent to US$2.87 billion and battery electric cars up 341 per cent to about US$2.4 billion.
加上传统混合动力汽车，这三类车型共计约占巴西自中国进口总额的十分之一，而中国品牌供应了巴西海外采购的电动汽车的86%。
Together with conventional hybrids, they made up about a 10th of all Brazilian imports from China, and Chinese brands supplied 86 per cent of the electrified cars Brazil bought abroad.
这三类车型的月度进口额从6月的18.7亿美元骤降至7月的2200万美元，当时巴西将其进口关税提高至35%，随后在9月恢复至4.49亿美元。
Monthly imports of the three categories collapsed from US$1.87 billion in June to US$22 million in July, when Brazil raised the import duty on them to 35 per cent, before recovering to US$449 million in September.
比亚迪是巴西最大的中国汽车制造商，该公司在关税上调前已提前发运了大批货物，并且还在巴伊亚州卡马卡里的一家工厂组装汽车。
BYD, the largest Chinese carmaker in Brazil, shipped large cargoes ahead of the increase and also assembles vehicles at a plant in Camacari, in Bahia state.
报告还记录了巴西农产品在中国市场开放后的首批成果，高粱销售额达到1.7亿美元，中国占巴西该谷物出口的95%。
The report also recorded the first results of Chinese market openings for Brazilian farm goods, with sorghum sales reaching US$170 million and China taking 95 per cent of Brazil’s exports of the grain.
锂辉石（一种含锂矿物）出口额增长339%，达到1.723亿美元，其中97%流向中国。
Exports of spodumene, a lithium-bearing mineral, rose 339 per cent to US$172.3 million, with 97 per cent going to China.