巴西利亚，10月16日 - 巴西的下届国会正酝酿与最高法院展开对抗，包括计划对一名大法官进行史无前例的弹劾，这可能会极大扩大右翼议程的影响力。超过十位参议院和最高法院的专家和官员向路透社透露了这一消息。
BRASILIA, Oct 16 - Brazil's next Congress is spoiling for a fight with the Supreme Court, including plans for an unprecedented impeachment of one of its justices that could dramatically expand the reach of a right-wing agenda, more than a dozen experts and officials at both the Senate and court told Reuters. Driving the effort are allies of far-right former President Jair Bolsonaro who dominated legislative elections this month and plan to take aim at Alexandre de Moraes, the Supreme Court justice responsible for the ex-president's arrest and conviction on coup-plotting charges.
推动这一行动的是前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的盟友，他们在本月的立法选举中占据主导地位，并计划针对亚历山大·德·莫拉埃斯大法官，这位大法官因前总统涉嫌策划政变而对他进行逮捕和定罪。
That would represent a major escalation by the legislative branch in a years-long power struggle with an empowered Brazilian judiciary, reasserting the influence of Congress and potentially pushing the court to the right for years to come.
这将代表立法机构在与一个日益强大的巴西司法系统多年权力斗争中的一次重大升级，重新确立国会的影响力，并可能在未来多年将法院推向右翼。
If Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, the former president's son, beats leftist incumbent President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in an October 25 runoff as polls now suggest, a defanged judiciary would also reduce one of the main checks on his power.
如果参议员弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗——前总统的儿子——在民意调查目前显示的10月25日决选中击败现任左翼总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦，一个被削弱的司法系统也将减少对他权力的主要制衡之一。
BLOCKING RIGHT-WING POLICIES Brazil's Supreme Court was the main obstacle to his father's agenda during his 2019-2023 presidency, blocking efforts to weaken environmental protections, ease pandemic restrictions and facilitate gun purchases, for example.
阻碍右翼政策 巴西最高法院在其父亲2019年至2023年任期内一直是其议程的主要障碍，例如，它阻止了削弱环境保护、放宽疫情限制和便利购枪的努力。
The top court continues to hold back some of the most strident right-wing legislation, effectively defining policy on matters from Indigenous rights to regulating the internet.
最高法院继续阻碍一些最激进的右翼立法，实际上在原住民权利到互联网监管等事项上定义政策。
This month's election could prove pivotal, as the next president could name at least 4 of the court's 11 justices, including an already vacant seat and replacements for 3 justices who will reach the mandatory retirement age of 75 before the president's term ends.
本月的选举可能具有关键意义，因为下届总统可能任命至少11名大法官中的4人，包括一个已经空缺的席位以及3名将在总统任期结束前达到强制退休年龄75岁的大法官的继任者。
After former President Bolsonaro named two justices to the court, a victory by his son could spell a majority of the court appointed by the Bolsonaro family by the time he would leave office in 2031.
在前总统博尔索纳罗任命了两名大法官之后，如果他的儿子获胜，到他2031年卸任时，博尔索纳罗家族可能任命了法院的多数大法官。弹劾57岁的莫拉埃斯将加速该多数派的到来。
Impeaching Moraes, 57, would hasten that majority's arrival. "Should Flavio win, the next administration and the Senate can reshape the majority of the 11-member bench, which means defining, literally, the balance of power in Brazilian democracy for a generation," said Bruna Santos, director of the Brazil Program at the Inter-American Dialogue.
“如果弗拉维奥获胜，下届政府和参议院可以重塑这个11人法官席位的多数，这意味着从字面上定义巴西民主一代人的权力平衡，”美洲对话组织巴西项目主任布鲁娜·桑托斯说。
SCORNED BY TRUMP, MUSK Ex-President Bolsonaro has been in jail since November for plotting a coup after losing the 2022 election to Lula.
特朗普和马斯克的鄙视 前总统博尔索纳罗自2022年大选败给卢拉后因策划政变自2023年11月起一直被关押。监督该案的莫拉埃斯成为巴西最具两极化的人物之一，甚至引来了美国总统特朗普的愤怒，特朗普曾将此案描述为“猎巫行动”，并在2025年短暂制裁了这位法官。
Moraes, who oversaw the case, became one of Brazil's most polarizing figures, drawing even the ire of US President Donald Trump, who described the case as a "witch hunt" and briefly sanctioned the judge in 2025. Moraes also drew criticism when he ordered X suspended in Brazil in 2024, after the platform defied court orders.
莫拉埃斯还因在2024年下令在巴西暂停X平台而受到批评，当时该平台违抗了法院命令。该平台的所有者埃隆·马斯克指责他实施审查和专制。
Its owner Elon Musk accused him of censorship and authoritarianism. Bolsonaro supporters have rallied to remove the judge after a federal police report revealed communications between Moraes and a jailed banker accused of the country's biggest-ever banking fraud.
博尔索纳罗的支持者们在联邦警察报告揭露莫拉埃斯与一名被指控该国有史以来最大银行欺诈案的在押银行家之间存在通联后，集合起来要求撤换这位法官。博尔索纳罗本人也因与同一银行家的关系正在接受调查，他也曾呼吁撤换莫拉埃斯。
Bolsonaro, who himself is being investigated for ties to the same banker, has also called for Moraes' removal. "Defending the Judiciary means confronting this problem — opening an impeachment process and giving him the right to a defense, concluding it and turning this page," Senator-elect Domingos Savio, from Bolsonaro's Liberal Party (PL), told Reuters.
“捍卫司法意味着要面对这个问题——启动弹劾程序，赋予他辩护的权利，完成程序并翻开这一页，”来自博尔索纳罗自由党（PL）的当选参议员多明戈斯·萨维奥对路透社说。
Lula has publicly supported unsealing the investigation, calling for transparency, disclosure, and an impartial investigation into all allegations of corruption.
卢拉公开支持解密调查，呼吁透明、披露以及对所有腐败指控进行公正调查。
Neither Moraes nor the Supreme Court responded to questions from Reuters.
莫拉埃斯和最高法院均未回应路透社的提问。他和更广泛的法院一直为他们的行为辩护，称这是维护巴西法律和保护民主制度所必需的。他将这些调查描述为出于政治和选举动机的报复，目的是针对前总统博尔索纳罗的定罪，并要求对另一位发布报告的大法官展开调查。
He and the wider court have defended their actions as necessary to uphold Brazilian law and protect democratic institutions. He has referred to the probes as politically and electorally motivated as revenge for the conviction of former President Bolsonaro, and requested his own investigation into another justice who released the reports. LEGISLATIVE FIREPOWER Senator Bolsonaro's running mate, lawmaker Alfredo Gaspar, told Reuters there is "a need to review what is happening today in the relationship between the Supreme Court and the other branches of government, and that involves examining whether justices have committed impeachable offenses."
立法火力 博尔索纳罗参议员的竞选搭档、立法者阿尔弗雷多·加斯帕尔告诉路透社，有必要“审视当前最高法院与其他政府分支之间的关系，这包括审查大法官是否犯有可被弹劾的罪行。”巴西宪法允许参议院审判最高法院大法官因违反宪法或危及公共安全的行为。需要81名参议员中的三分之二 — 即54名参议员 — 投票才能定罪并罢免一名大法官。
Brazil's constitution allows the Senate to try Supreme Court justices for infractions that violate the constitution or risk public security. Votes from two-thirds of the 81-member Senate — 54 senators — are needed to convict and remove a justice. Senator Bolsonaro's allies may already be close when the next Senate takes office in February.
博尔索纳罗参议员的盟友可能在下届参议院于2月就职时已经接近目标。他的政党赢得了创纪录的28个席位，而该参议员已经获得另外五个政党的支持，这些政党合计拥有另外22个席位。
His party won a record 28 seats, and the senator has already secured backing from five other parties that together hold another 22 seats. That would bring the conservative coalition to 50 senators.
这样将使保守派联盟拥有50名参议员。剩下的四票可能来自15名无党籍参议员。
The remaining four votes could come from the 15 senators with non-aligned parties. Since 2023, there have been 48 unsuccessful requests to impeach Moraes within the Senate, which never made it to trial because the Senate president must choose to advance a complaint against a justice.
自2023年以来，参议院内已有48起针对莫拉埃斯的弹劾请求未获成功，这些请求从未进入审判阶段，因为参议院主席必须选择推动对一名大法官的投诉。
That could change, as Senator Bolsonaro's campaign manager Rogerio Marinho is likely to become the next Senate president.
这种情况可能会改变，因为博尔索纳罗参议员的竞选经理罗杰里奥·马里尼奥有望成为下一任参议院主席。
Marinho has in recent days told several Supreme Court justices that Brazil's upper house will not seek opportunities for revenge, he said to journalists, though adding that the current Senate is "failing to act" to hold justices accountable.
马里尼奥最近几天告诉多位最高法院大法官，巴西上院不会寻求报复的机会，他对记者如此表示，尽管他补充说，目前的参议院“未能采取行动”来追究大法官的责任。
"If impeachable offenses are committed, they must be investigated.
“如果构成可弹劾的罪行，就必须进行调查。没有人可以凌驾于法律之上，”马里尼奥说。
No one is above the law," Marinho said.