欧盟提出的云主权法案《云与人工智能发展法案》（CADA）在十年内可能使欧洲损失1150亿欧元。这是布鲁塞尔智库ECIPE的一项研究所给出的中央估算。该研究由游说团体CCIA Europe赞助，其成员包括亚马逊、谷歌和Meta。
The EU’s proposed cloud sovereignty law, the Cloud and AI Development Act (CADA), could cost Europe €115bn over ten years. That is the central estimate in a study by the Brussels think tank ECIPE. CCIA Europe, a lobby group whose members include Amazon, Google and Meta, paid for it.
该研究的作者马蒂亚斯·鲍尔称该数字为“2027年至2036年的经济敞口”。这是其三种情景中的中间情景。狭义情景的损失为356亿欧元，宽泛情景的损失为2330亿欧元。欧盟委员会自身的上限估算为180亿欧元，据《The reported》报道。
Matthias Bauer, the author, calls the figure “economic exposure” from 2027 to 2036. It is the central of three scenarios. The narrow scenario comes to €35.6bn and the broad one to €233bn. The European Commission’s own upper estimate was €18bn, The reported.
“纳税人和企业将承担费用，但官方评估遗漏了CADA真实影响的70%。”CCIA Europe政策经理米切尔·拉特利奇在一份声明中表示。CADA将要求什么该提案为公共机构采购的云服务设定了四个主权等级。最低等级涵盖欧盟设立和数据位置。最高两个等级限制来自欧盟以外公司的控制。最高等级还要求对软件的构建方式拥有控制权，这一点由欧盟委员会和该研究所述。
“Taxpayers and businesses will foot the bill, yet the official assessment missed 70 percent of CADA’s true impact.”Mitchell Rutledge, CCIA Europe policy manager, in a statement What CADA would require The proposal sets four levels of sovereignty for cloud services bought by public bodies. The lowest covers EU establishment and data location. The top two limit control by companies from outside the EU. The highest also demands control over how the software is built, according to the Commission and the study.
欧盟委员会表示，公共机构将根据自身风险评估选择等级。它表示可以承认来自欧盟以外的供应商在第三等级。它称大部分市场应继续对其合作伙伴开放。研究将成本放在何处该研究将公共预算的直接成本定为约333亿欧元。搬迁和重写软件占总成本1150亿欧元的约69%，而更高的云服务价格占约30%。
The Commission says public bodies would choose a level based on their own risk assessments. It says it can recognise providers from outside the EU at the third level. Most of the market should stay open to its partners, it says. Where the study puts the cost The study puts direct costs to public budgets at about €33.3bn. Moving and rewriting software makes up about 69% of the €115bn total, and higher cloud prices about 30%.
约800亿欧元的成本将落在能源、银行、交通和医疗等行业的私营公司身上。这一数字基于一个假设。提案第31条允许委员会要求这些行业的企业进行与公共机构相同的评估。研究假设这将覆盖范围内私营云支出的四分之一。
About €80bn would fall on private companies in sectors such as energy, banking, transport and healthcare. That figure rests on an assumption. Article 31 of the proposal lets the Commission ask firms in these sectors for the same assessments as public bodies. The study assumes this reaches a quarter of the private cloud spending in scope.
按工作年龄劳动力人口计算，卢森堡面临的成本最高，约为1711欧元。丹麦、奥地利、芬兰和爱尔兰紧随其后，成本在856至905欧元之间。德国的成本为396欧元。研究称，其公共部门部分已经在类似规则下运作。
Measured per person in the working-age labour force, Luxembourg faces the highest cost, at about €1,711. Denmark, Austria, Finland and Ireland follow, at €856 to €905. Germany comes in at €396. Parts of its public sector already work under similar rules, the study says.
研究未涵盖的内容 该研究未对该法律旨在实现的安全、韧性或战略自主性赋予价值。作者写道，不应将其视为完整的成本效益评估。
What the study leaves out The study does not put a value on the security, resilience or strategic autonomy the law aims to bring. It should not be read as a full cost-benefit assessment, the author writes.
CCIA希望成员国将规则限制在敏感工作负载上。它还希望成员国取消基于公司来源的要求，《The》报道。亚马逊和谷歌未回应《The》的提问。欧盟已向四家欧洲供应商授予价值1.8亿欧元的主权云合同。法国已要求其部门摒弃Windows，转而使用Linux。卡普杰米尼的一项调查发现，大多数大型组织认为完全主权是不现实的。
CCIA wants member states to limit the rules to sensitive workloads. It also wants them to drop requirements based on a company’s origin, The reported. Amazon and Google did not respond to The’s questions. The EU has already awarded €180m in sovereign cloud contracts to four European providers. France has told its ministries to ditch Windows for Linux. Most large organisations think full sovereignty is unrealistic, a Capgemini survey found.