非洲国家推动矿商在本土建设炼厂和冶炼厂，政府和行业官员表示，一个主要障碍可能抑制投资：缺乏廉价且可靠的电力。
African nations push miners to build refineries and smelters at home, government and industry officials say a major obstacle risks crimping investment: a shortage of cheap, reliable electricity.
从几内亚的铝土矿到津巴布韦的锂，各国政府正通过出口限制、税收激励和矿产准入来鼓励本地加工，以从矿产财富中获取更多价值。
From Guinea's bauxite to Zimbabwe's lithium, governments are using export curbs, tax incentives and access to deposits to encourage local processing and capture more value from their mineral wealth.
包括美国国际开发金融公司和非洲金融公司在内的投资者正在支持非洲的加工项目，并计划进一步加大力度。
Investors including the US International Development Finance Corporation and Africa Finance Corporation are backing African processing projects and plan to do more.
但南非铬铁和钢铁加工业的衰退凸显了当电力昂贵或不可靠时所面临的风险。
But the decline of South Africa's ferrochrome and steel processing industries highlights the risks when power is expensive or unreliable.
几内亚是非洲从矿产资源中获取更多价值的大胆例子之一。该国最近超过澳大利亚，成为全球最大的铝土矿生产国和出口国，其大部分出口流向中国。
Guinea is one of the boldest examples of Africa getting more value out of its mining resources. It recently overtook Australia as the world's largest bauxite producer and exporter, with most of its exports going to China.
铝土矿是生产氧化铝的原料，而氧化铝是铝的关键成分，广泛用于交通、建筑和包装行业。
Bauxite is a feedstock for alumina, a key ingredient in aluminium widely used in the transport, construction and packaging industries.
几内亚矿政部高级顾问道乌达·迪亚基特表示，目前有三家氧化铝炼厂正在建设中。政府希望到2030年建成五家，年总产能约为700万至800万吨，随后将投资建设铝冶炼厂。
Daouda Diakite, a senior adviser to Guinea's mines minister, said three alumina refineries were under construction. The government wants five by 2030 with total annual production capacity of about 7 million to 8 million tons, followed by investments in aluminium smelters.
与印尼不同，印尼通过禁止未加工镍的出口，吸引了数十亿美元投资进入国内冶炼和电池生产，几内亚正走一条不同的道路。该国表示希望限制铝土矿出口量，以避免市场供过于求导致价格下跌，尽管尚未实施该限制。
Unlike Indonesia, whose export ban on unprocessed nickel helped attract billions of dollars of investment into domestic smelters and battery production, Guinea is taking a different path. It has said it wants to limit bauxite export volumes to avoid flooding the market, which pushes prices lower, although it has yet to introduce the curbs.
迪亚基特表示，希望获取铝土矿的投资者也将被引导向投资冶炼厂或铁路，采矿权和部分税收假期将作为激励措施提供。在铁矿石领域，几内亚也在加快矿石球团厂的开发。
Diakite said investors who want bauxite would also be steered towards investing in smelters or railways, with mining rights and some tax holidays on offer as incentives. In the iron ore sector, Guinea is also fast-tracking the development of ore pellet plants.
“下一步将是钢铁（生产）”，迪亚基特在上周于开普敦举行的非洲矿业周会议期间表示。
"The next step will be the steel (production)," Diakite said on the sidelines of the African Mining Week conference in Cape Town last week.
然而，电力不足对该行业的雄心构成了重大威胁。迪亚基特表示，几内亚的发电量约为1,000兆瓦（MW），主要来自水电。在雨季（4/5月至11月），它向塞内加尔、冈比亚和几内亚比绍输电，但在旱季则需要从科特迪瓦或塞内加尔进口电力。
Insufficient electricity, however, poses a major threat to the sector's ambitions. Diakite said Guinea generates about 1,000 megawatts (MW) mostly from hydropower. It exports power to Senegal, Gambia and Guinea-Bissau in the rainy season from April/May to November but has to import from Ivory Coast or Senegal in the dry months.
迪亚基特表示，西非国家需要5,000兆瓦至10,000兆瓦的电力来支持其工业化，包括铝冶炼厂。
The West African nation needs 5,000 MW to 10,000 MW to support its industrialisation, including the aluminium smelters, he said.
“主要问题在于基础设施和能源，尤其是能源”，迪亚基特说。“我们需要可持续且稳定的能源……我们正在寻求所有经济可行的能源解决方案的投资，包括天然气、煤炭和核能。”几内亚没有煤炭。迪亚基特建议，那些空船来几内亚装载铝土矿的船只，可以在前往几内亚的途中在南非或莫桑比克装载煤炭。
"The main issue is infrastructure and energy, mostly energy," Diakite said. "We need sustainable and stable energy …We are looking for investment in all economically viable energy solutions, including gas, coal, and nuclear." Guinea has no coal. Diakite suggested ships that arrive empty to load bauxite could pick up coal in South Africa or Mozambique on the way to Guinea.
南非的铬铁冶炼业展示了可能出错的情况。近年来，由于自2008年以来电力成本大约增加了十倍，数十家冶炼厂已关闭。该国66家铬铁冶炼厂中，目前不到十家在运营。
South Africa's ferrochrome smelting industry shows what can go wrong. Dozens of smelters have shut in recent years largely due to a roughly tenfold increase in power costs since 2008. Less than a dozen of the country's 66 ferrochrome smelters are operating.
“第一个教训是，能源供应的可靠性和可负担性对工业化有多么重要”，南非矿产委员会首席执行官姆齐拉·姆特詹尼说。
"The number one lesson is how important energy supply reliability and affordability are to industrialisation," said Mzila Mthenjane, CEO of the Minerals Council South Africa.
高电力成本使南非的铁合金在中国面前失去竞争力。随着南非陷入困境，中国建设了 zarówno 加工能力 以及廉价电力来运行它们，成为世界领先的精炼中心。
High power costs made South African ferroalloys uncompetitive with China. As South Africa struggled, China built both processing capacity and cheap power to run it on, becoming the world's top refining hub.
南非拥有世界已知铬储量的70%以上，但中国是最大的铬铁生产国。“现在我们必须与之竞争”，姆特詹尼说。
South Africa holds over 70% of the world's known chrome reserves, yet China is the largest ferrochrome producer. "Now we have to compete with that," Mthenjane said.
在边境另一边，澳大利亚多元化矿业公司南32（S32.AX）今年因干旱导致电力供应中断，将其莫桑比克铝厂转入维护和保养状态。
Across the border, Australian diversified miner South32 (S32.AX) placed its Mozambique aluminium plant on care and maintenance this year after a drought hit power supply.
埃及战略工业副部长穆罕默德·扎达列出了投资者关注的四个支柱：可靠的原料、电力、稳定的政策和有承诺的买家。
Mohamed Zada, Egypt's deputy minister for strategic industries, listed four pillars of interest to investors: reliable feedstock, power, stable policy and committed buyers.
“我们不能只关注其中一个而忽视另外四个支柱，因为它们共同推进非常重要，”扎达在矿业会议上对代表们说。
"We cannot focus on one and ignore the four pillars that are very important to be moving together," Zada told delegates at the mining conference.
非洲金融公司副总裁兼矿业部门负责人富兰克林·埃多奇表示，该公司帮助非洲大陆融资开发和基础设施项目，他说获得资本也是关键。
Franklin Edochie, deputy director and head of mining at Africa Finance Corporation, which helps finance development and infrastructure projects on the continent, said access to capital was also key.
“能源是其中之一，原料和资本是另一个方面，因为当我们谈论增值产品时，我们实际上是在谈论数十亿美元的项目，”埃多奇说。“我们在非洲大陆生产非常高质量的产品……我们总是有买家。”
"Energy is one of them, feedstock and capital are another one because when we talk about value-added products, you're talking about multi-billion dollar projects," Edochie said. "We produce very high quality products on the continent ...we always have buyers."