人工智能首次在以色列选举中扮演主要角色。观察人士警告称，深度伪造、机器人账号和影响力行动可能会左右选民。
For the first time, AI is playing a major role in Israel's elections. Observers warn that deepfakes, bots and influence campaigns could sway voters.
内塔尼亚胡领导的利库德集团在竞选活动中对人工智能的使用超过了其他任何主要政党。在发布到X平台上的一段19秒短片中，总理候选人加迪·艾森科特双臂张开，脸上挂着巨大的笑容。他慢动作穿过一片草地，跑向一个长相酷似他儿子的、穿着印有“以色列团结”字样衬衫的人。但艾森科特与他擦肩而过，转而拥抱了曼苏尔·阿巴斯，后者是一位杰出的阿拉伯政治家，领导着参加此次选举的拉阿姆党。这段视频发布在总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡的账号上。
Netanyahu's Likud has used AI in its campaign more than any other major party In a 19-second clip posted to X, Gadi Eisenkot, a candidate for prime minister, stands with his arms outstretched and a huge smile on his face. In slow motion, he runs through a meadow toward a person who resembles his son, wearing a shirt with the words "Israeli Unity." But Eisenkot sails past him and instead embraces Mansour Abbas, a prominent Arab politician who leads the Ra'am party running in the elections. The video was posted on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's account.
民意调查显示，内塔尼亚胡与同样曾担任以色列国防军参谋长的艾森科特正处于激烈的竞争中。这段人工智能生成的短片获得了超过100万次观看，并引发了愤怒。艾森科特的儿子于2023年在以色列与哈马斯的战争中阵亡。根据以色列开放大学监测2026年立法选举竞选活动中人工智能内容的研究项目Ze Be AI的数据，这段短片只是内塔尼亚胡的利库德集团在整个竞选期间截至10月中旬发布的1800多条含有生成式人工智能内容的帖子之一。这大约占Ze Be AI分析的利库德集团社交媒体素材的四分之一。
Opinion polls show Netanyahu and Eisenkot, who also happens to be a former chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces, in a tight race. The AI-generated The clip was viewed more than 1 million times and stirred outrage. Eisenkot's son was killed in 2023 during the Israel-Hamas war According to Ze Be AI, a research project of the Open University of Israel, monitoring AI content in the 2026 legislative election campaign, this clip is just one of more than 1,800 posts with AI-generated content that Netanyahu's Likud party had released throughout the election campaign by mid-October. That represents about a quarter of the Likud party social media materials analyzed by Ze Be AI.
内塔尼亚胡于7月在X平台上发布了这段人工智能生成的竞争对手加迪·艾森科特的短片。该视频获得了超过100万次观看。10月27日，以色列人将在选举中投票，这场选举可能会将内塔尼亚胡赶下台，或者巩固他未来几年对该国的掌控。政治学家已经将其称为以色列的首次人工智能选举。各政党一直在竞选的方方面面部署人工智能——从制作旨在挑起争议的离奇视频，到向选民拨打自动语音电话以及在网络上释放机器人账号。
Netanyahu posted this AI-generated clip of rival Gadi Eisenkot on X in July. It was viewed more than 1 million times On October 27, Israelis will vote in an election that could oust Netanyahu from power or cement his grip on the country for the coming years. Political scientists are already calling it Israel's first AI election. Parties have been deploying AI across every aspect of campaigning — from creating outrageous videos aimed at stirring controversy to robocalling voters and unleashing bots online.
以色列开放大学“Ze Be AI”项目负责人、媒体研究员阿纳特·本-达维德（Anat Ben-David）表示：“存在这样一种设想：在选举前不久的一个战略节点上，人工智能可能会或将会以某种方式被利用，从而引发争议，进而可能左右选举结果。”
"There is a scenario where, in a strategic point shortly before the election, AI could or would be used in ways that would steer controversy that could tilt the election results," said Anat Ben-David, a media researcher leading the Ze Be AI project at the Open University of Israel.
AI视频走向主流 本-达维德和她的研究团队一直在追踪政治人物自7月底以来在社交媒体上发布的所有内容。截至10月中旬，他们已经在脸书（Facebook）、Instagram、X平台和TikTok上收集了超过4.4万条帖子，并发现其中有14%以上的素材在某种程度上使用了人工智能。
AI videos go mainstream Ben-David and her research team have been tracking all of the content posted on social media by politicians since the end of July. By mid-October, they had collected more than 44,000 posts across Facebook, Instagram, X and TikTok and found that over 14% of the material used AI in some way.
混合方法最为常见，人工智能被部署在广告的一部分或片段中：应用于图像、音乐、字幕、标志或成熟的深度伪造（deepfakes）。
A hybrid approach was most common, with AI being deployed for a part or segments of an ad: in images, music, subtitles, logos or full-fledged deepfakes.
一些边缘党派在其内容中使用了最高比例的人工智能。但在该团队分析的内容中，若论人工智能使用的绝对数量，利库德集团（Likud）无疑是遥遥领先的赢家。内塔尼亚胡所在党派之后依次是其左翼竞争对手民主党（the Democrats），然后是埃森科特（Eisenkot）的政党雅沙尔（Yashar）——尽管其数量要低得多。
Some fringe parties use the greatest ratio of AI in their content. But Likud is the winner by far when it comes to sheer numbers of AI use in content analyzed by the team. Netanyahu's party is followed his left-wing rivals, the Democrats, and then Eisenkot's party, Yashar — though at far lower numbers.
以色列中央选举委员会于7月颁布了一项新规定，强制要求选举竞选活动中所有由人工智能生成或操纵的内容都必须进行标注。除此之外，几乎没有什么限制。
Israel's Central Elections Committee issued a new rule in July mandating that all AI-generated or -manipulated content in election campaigning be labeled. Beyond that, there are few limits.
本-达维德说：“这里没有《人工智能法案》，没有《数字服务法案》，隐私法也非常过时。然后你会看到一些在欧洲根本不可能出现的新的人工智能应用。”其中一些应用来自以色列最杰出的政治人物。
"There's no AI Act, no Digital Services Act, and the privacy law is very outdated," Ben-David said. "Then you see new [AI] uses that would be impossible to see in Europe." Some of those uses have come from Israel's most prominent politicians.
民主党领袖亚伊尔·戈兰（Yair Golan）一直在试图利用热门的网络趋势。其中一段被标注为AI内容视频的画面是，他坐在吊扇下方——风扇叶片的每一次旋转，他的服装都会发生变化：从军服换成印有“现在带他们回家”（指被扣押在加沙的以色列人质）这一热门口号的T恤，再换成西装领带。
Yair Golan, head of the Democrats, has been trying to capitalize on popular internet trends. One labeled as AI content features him sitting under a ceiling fan — with each rotation of the blade, his outfit changes: from an army uniform to a T-shirt with the popular slogan "bring them home now" (referring to Israeli hostages in Gaza) to a suit and tie.
在财政部长贝扎雷尔·斯莫特里奇（Bezalel Smotrich）于9月发布的一段逼真的AI视频中，以色列总检察长和最高法院法官在一次反政府抗议活动中被捕。总检察长加利·巴哈拉夫-米亚拉（Gali Baharav-Miara）曾多次与执政联盟发生冲突。
In one photorealistic AI video, posted by Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich in September, Israel's attorney general and Supreme Court justices are apprehended at an anti-government protest. Attorney General Gali Baharav-Miara has frequently clashed with the ruling coalition.
财政部长贝扎雷尔·斯莫特里奇发布的一段AI生成视频显示，以色列总检察长和最高法院法官在一次反政府抗议活动中被拘留。国家安全部长伊塔马尔·本-格维尔（Itamar Ben-Gvir）分享了一段AI生成的视频，视频中巴勒斯坦人被推上传送带，送往看似集中营的地方。该贴文引发了广泛谴责，德国外交部称其“完全不可接受”且“令人厌恶”。选举管理机构已表现出一定程度的干预意愿。今年7月，其主席下架了斯莫特里奇发布的一段未加标注的AI视频，并称其具有误导性。
An AI-generated video posted by Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich shows Israel’s attorney general and Supreme Court justices being detained at an anti-government protest National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir shared an AI-generated video of Palestinians being wheeled on a conveyor belt into what looks like a concentration camp. That post drew widespread condemnation, with Germany's Foreign Ministry calling it "completely unacceptable" and "abhorrent." The election authority has shown some willingness to intervene. In July, its chairman ordered Smotrich to take down an unlabeled AI video it called misleading.
新一代自动语音电话不仅仅是深度伪造和广告：人工智能还被用来直接联系选民。
A new generation of robocall It's not just deepfakes and ads: AI is also being used to reach voters directly.
一些选民正在接到一种新型的AI驱动的自动语音电话——它比过去的机械化自动来电更具对话性。以色列互联网协会（Israel Internet Association）的虚假信息研究员尼赞·亚苏尔（Nitsan Yasur）向德国之声（DW）分享了一段四分钟通话的录音。
Some voters are getting a new kind of AI-powered robocall — far more conversational than the robotic automated calls of the past. Nitsan Yasur, a disinformation researcher at the Israel InternetAssociation, shared a recording with DW of a four-minute phone call.
内塔尼亚胡的最后竞选？——以色列走向投票箱 要观看此视频，以及 在录音中，一个声音自称是来自以色列一家民调机构的民调员丹妮尔（Danielle），并询问其投票偏好。当亚苏尔询问这个声音是否是人类时，它承认“线路上没有人类代理”，然后继续问道：“您想继续进行简短的调查吗？”该机器人回答了亚苏尔的几个问题，同时总是将话题引导回他会投票给谁。
Netanyahu's final campaign? — Israel heads to the polls To view this video , and In it, a voice introduces itself as a pollster named Danielle with an Israeli polling institute and asks for his voting preferences. When Yasur asks if the voice is human, it admits, "there is no human agent on the line," before continuing to ask, "would you like to continue with the short survey?" The bot fields several of Yasur's questions, while always steering back to who he would vote for.
但当亚苏尔五次询问是谁委托进行这项调查时，它没有透露相关信息。因此，目前尚不清楚这是竞选活动的一部分还是民调。明确的是，自动语音电话已经变得多么先进。
But when Yasur asks five times who commissioned the survey, it doesn't reveal the information. So it remains unclear whether this was part of an election campaign or a poll. What is clear is how advanced robocalling has become.
以色列民主研究所高级研究员泰希拉·施瓦茨·阿尔特舒勒（Tehilla Shwartz Altshuler）对德国之声表示：“你不需要真人去打那些在时间和容量上显然有限的真实电话。”
"You don't need real people making real phone calls, which are obviously limited in time and capacity," Tehilla Shwartz Altshuler, a senior fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute, told DW.
塑造聊天机器人对选民言论的影响 一些以色列人也开始向人工智能寻求如何投票的建议。
Efforts to shape what chatbots tell voters Some Israelis are also turning to AI for advice on how to vote.
以色列互联网协会在一项调查中发现，大约四分之一的以色列人表示，他们会考虑使用人工智能工具或其他在线服务来为他们的投票决定提供信息。这引发了人们对生成式引擎优化（GEO）的担忧：即创建旨在被人工智能聊天机器人捕捉并塑造其回答的在线内容。以色列政府已经涉足这一行业。根据《外国代理人登记法》下的备案文件，该国曾向一家美国公司支付费用，用于建立旨在向大语言模型系统输送支持政府内容的网站，以使人工智能聊天机器人更加亲以色列。她说：“同样的行业现在将被用于国内，以影响选举。”
About a quarter of Israelis said they would consider using AI tools or other online services to inform their voting decisions, the Israel Internet Association found in a survey That raises concerns about generative engine optimization (GEO): creating online content designed to be picked up by AI chatbots and shape their answers. The Israeli government has already tapped this industry According to filings under the Foreign Agents Registration Act, it paid a US firm to build websites meant to feed LLM systems with content supportive of the government in order to make AI chatbots more pro-Israel. "The same industries are going to be used now inwards in order to affect the elections," she said.
水军账号在网上宣传内塔尼亚图 虚假内容之外，还有虚假受众。专注于媒体监测的以色列公司 Scooper 告诉德国之声，该公司发现了一个在社交媒体上为内塔尼亚图造势的不真实账号网络。在X平台上，每天都有1000多个新账号出现，并立即关注这位以色列总理。在最近几周，他的Instagram粉丝数量也激增。
Bot accounts promote Netanyahu online There's fake content, and then there are fake audiences. Scooper, an Israeli company specializing in media monitoring, told DW that it discovered a network of inauthentic accounts boosting Netanyahu on social media. On X, more than 1,000 new accounts have been appearing daily and immediately following the Israeli prime minister. His Instagram following has also surged in recent weeks.
Scooper 研究经理吉尔·费尔德曼（Gil Feldman）告诉德国之声，在X平台上转发内塔尼亚图帖子的账号中，约有70%位于以色列境外，并且类似于机器人。费尔德曼表示，该公司通过寻找可疑行为（例如全天候发帖、近期创建日期和缺少个人资料图片）标记了这些账号。
About 70% of the accounts that share Netanyahu's posts on X are based outside of Israel and resemble bots, Scooper research manager Gil Feldman told DW. Feldman said the company flagged them by looking for suspicious behavior such as round-the-clock posting, recent creation dates and missing profile pictures.
以色列人要求为10月7日事件追究责任，而且对象不只是内塔尼亚胡：以色列监督机构“假新闻记者”（FakeReporter）发现了一场与本-格维尔竞选团队有关联的水军账号（bot）活动，其办公室对此予以否认。“假新闻记者”发现了一个由100多个账号组成的网络，其中一些账号使用了人工智能生成的图像和身份，将斯莫特里奇等人作为攻击目标。
Israelis demand accountability for October 7 And it's not just Netanyahu: The Israeli watchdog FakeReporter found a bot campaign linked to Ben-Gvir's campaign, which his office denied. FakeReporter discovered a network of more than 100 accounts, some using AI-generated images and identities, targeting Smotrich and others.
尽管水军网络并非新鲜事，但人工智能可以使其成本更低、更容易运作。而且，由于以色列人是新技术的早期和积极采用者，施瓦茨·阿尔特舒勒将该国视为一个测试案例，用以观察人工智能如何重塑世界各地的选举。
Though bot networks are nothing new, AI can make them cheaper and easier to run. And, because Israelis are early and eager adopters of new technology, Shwartz Altshuler sees the country as a test case for how AI is reshaping elections around the world.
施瓦茨·阿尔特舒勒说：“整个政治宣传机器正在变得完全不同。”
"The whole machinery of political propaganda is becoming totally different," Shwartz Altshuler said.