GISELA SALOMON MIAMI — 美国国土安全部表示，超过10万名来自乌克兰和苏丹的外国人可以在美国待命，暂时免受驱逐出境，这标志着他们原本有权继续留在美国的期限将于周一届满后的临时缓解措施。
GISELA SALOMON MIAMI — More than 100,000 people from Ukraine and Sudan can stay in the United States without immediate risk of deportation, the Department of Homeland Security said, in what amounts to a temporary reprieve after their right to stay in the country was set to expire Monday.
根据该部门的说法，暂时保护状态（TPS）将于10月19日对约10.1万名乌克兰人和1800名苏丹人结束。但国土安全部表示，相关决定“将在适当时机作出”。在此之前，该部门在书面声明中指出，受此临时措施保护的乌克兰人和苏丹人“仍保持保护状态”。国土安全部未说明他们可以继续居留多长时间，也未透露何时会就其最终状态作出决定。
Temporary Protected Status was set to end Oct. 19 for about 101,000 Ukrainians and 1,800 Sudanese. But DHS said an announcement “will be made at the appropriate time.”Until then, the department said in a written statement, Ukrainians and Sudanese in the U.S. covered by those temporary measures “retain protection.”The Department did not indicate how long they could stay or when a final announcement would be made on their status.
国土安全部未回应是否允许他们继续持有工作许可，但通常TPS允许在保护状态仍在效力期间从事工作。
DHS did not respond to a question about whether they can keep their work permits, but TPS generally allows people to work while their protections remain in effect.
周一的决定是特朗普政府又一次在之前试图终止此类临时保护并将人员遣返至原籍国的背景下，允许受此临时状态保护的人继续留在美国，但未提供任何关于停留时长的具体指引。
特朗普政府已终止超过100万人的TPS资格，涉及13个国家，包括委内瑞拉、海地、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、阿富汗和叙利亚。
The decision Monday marks another incident where the Trump administration, which has previously sought to end these temporary protections from deportation and send people back to their home countries, has allowed people covered by the temporary status to stay in the country but without giving any guidance as to how long.
约一个月前，政府在实践上改变，决定继续保留约20万名萨尔瓦多人的TPS保护，尽管其原定于9月9日到期。此前他们也表示将在适当时机作出决定，在此期间萨尔瓦多人可继续在美工作和居住。
The Trump administration has already terminated TPS for more than 1 million people from 13 countries, including Venezuela , Haiti , Honduras, Nicaragua, Afghanistan and Syria. But in a change in practice roughly a month ago, the administration kept protections in place for nearly 200,000 Salvadorans whose TPS was set to expire Sept. 9.
活动人士及跨党派立法者已就乌克兰人TPS即将到期的截止日期发出警报，称由于与俄罗斯的战争仍在持续，他们返回家园的条件仍然不安全。
In that case they also said that they were going to make a decision at the appropriate time and that in the meantime, people from El Salvador could continue to work and live in the U.S.
乌克兰于 2022 年 4 月首次被列入“临时保护计划”（Temporary Protection Status, TPS）的适用范围，当时俄罗斯刚刚发动了全面入侵。随后，拜登政府多次延长了这一保护措施的有效期；最近一次延长是在 2025 年 1 月，当时美国国土安全部（DHS）批准将这一保护措施再延长 18 个月，直至 2026 年 10 月。
Activists and a bipartisan group of lawmakers have been raising the alarm over the upcoming deadline for TPS to expire for Ukrainians, arguing that conditions remain unsafe for them to return home amid the war with Russia. Ukraine was first designated for TPS in April 2022, following Russia’s full-scale invasion two months earlier. The Biden administration subsequently extended the designation, most recently in January 2025, when DHS authorized an additional 18 months of protection through October 2026.
苏丹的“临时保护计划”始于 1997 年，由于该国长期遭受武装冲突和政治动荡，历届美国政府都持续延长了这一保护措施的有效期。
The TPS program for Sudan was established in 1997, and since then, successive U.S. administrations have extended it due to the armed conflict and political instability that have plagued the African nation.
这一决定是在 11 月 3 日的中期选举前两周作出的；届时，特朗普的强硬移民政策将在投票中接受选民的检验。
The decision Monday comes two weeks before the Nov. 3 midterm elections, when Trump’s hard line immigration policies will face a test at the ballot box.
美国国会于 1990 年设立了“临时保护计划”，旨在防止将那些来自遭受自然灾害或内乱国家的公民驱逐出境。根据该计划，如果国土安全部部长认定这些公民的祖国环境不安全，他们就可以继续留在美国并工作（相关保护措施可定期更新）。不过，这一计划并未为他们提供获得永久居留权的途径。
The U.S. Congress created TPS in 1990 to prevent deportations to countries suffering from natural disasters or civil strife. It allows people already in the country to remain and work, for renewable periods if the homeland security secretary determines conditions are unsafe for their return. But it doesn’t give them a pathway to permanent residency.
支持者认为，这一政策能够保护这些公民免于被遣返回危险的环境；而批评者（尤其是特朗普政府时期的批评者）则指出，无论这些国家的局势如何变化，历届美国政府多年来一直都在延续这一保护措施。
Supporters say that using this tool protects people from being returned to dangerous situations and that uprooting people covered by TPS after years of living in the U.S. is cruel. Critics, especially in the Trump administration, say successive administrations have extended these protections for years regardless of what has happened in the home countries.
根据联邦法规，如果部长在保护措施到期前至少 60 天内未作出决定，该保护措施将自动延长六个月。
Federal rules say TPS is automatically extended for six months if the secretary doesn’t make a determination at least 60 days before the designation expires.
“我对延长（尽管是暂时的）对乌克兰和苏丹难民身份（TPS）持有人的决定表示感谢，”世界救济组织（World Relief）总裁兼首席执行官马亚尔·格林（Myal Greene）表示，该组织在两国均提供人道主义援助。“我们呼吁行政当局和国会考虑为那些试图在其原籍国动荡中建立稳定的妇女、男性和儿童提供更长期的救济。”
“We’re grateful for an extension, however temporary, for TPS holders from Ukraine and Sudan,” said Myal Greene, president and CEO of World Relief, an organization that has provided humanitarian assistance in both countries. “We encourage the administration and Congress to consider longer term relief for women, men and children trying to carve out stability while their countries of origin remain in upheaval.”
全球难民组织（Global Refuge）总裁兼首席执行官克里斯·奥马拉·维纳拉汉（Krish O’Mara Vignarajah）指出，乌克兰和苏丹尚未安全，符合延长难民身份（TPS）的法律条件。
Krish O’Mara Vignarajah, president and CEO of Global Refuge, noted Ukraine and Sudan are not safe and meet the legal conditions for TPS to be extended.
“俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争即将进入第五个年头，乌克兰人正在为在无人机和导弹打击下的又一个冬季做准备，这导致平民伤亡增多并严重破坏关键基础设施。苏丹仍陷入残酷的内战，伴随严重饥荒、广泛的人权侵犯以及种族清洗的特征，”维纳拉汉说。“这些家庭回家是不安全的。”
“Russia’s war on Ukraine is nearing its fifth year, and Ukrainians are bracing for another winter under drone and missile strikes, driving civilian casualties and devastating critical infrastructure. Sudan remains locked in a brutal civil war marked by famine, widespread human rights abuses and the hallmarks of genocide,” Vignarajah said. “It is not safe for these families to go home.”
美联社记者雷贝卡·桑塔纳（Rebecca Santana）在华盛顿报道。
Associated Press reporter Rebecca Santana contributed from Washington.