Cali基金是在COP16上设立的，旨在为生物多样性筹集资金，但截至目前仅筹得7,085美元（9,060新元）。
The Cali Fund was created at COP16 to raise money for biodiversity, but it has collected only US$7,085 (S$9,060) so far.
它要求使用数字序列信息的企业缴纳利润的1%或营业额的0.1%，但捐款是自愿的，且只有少数国家提供激励措施。
It asks firms using digital sequence information to pay 1% of profits or 0.1% of turnover, but contributions are voluntary and few countries have incentives.
专家表示，企业希望有更严格的规则和保障措施，而亚美尼亚的联合国峰会将决定各国政府是否能让该基金发挥作用。
Experts say companies want stronger rules and safeguards, while the UN summit in Armenia will decide if governments can make the fund work.
AI生成 PARIS – 该基金构想于2024年生物多样性COP会议期间提出，原本旨在为自然保护筹集数十亿美元——但截至目前仅筹得7,085美元（9,060新元）。
AI generated PARIS – Conceived at the 2024 Biodiversity COP, the Cali Fund was meant to raise billions of dollars for nature protection – but has so far collected only US$7,085 (S$9,060).
这是一个缓慢的起步，而该基金本应成为创新融资的典范，对从自然中获取的遗传数据中获利的企业征收费用。资金的微弱流入凸显了为生物多样性筹集资金所面临的困难。
It is a sluggish start for a fund intended as a showcase for innovative financing that charges companies profiting from the use of genetic data derived from nature. The trickle of money highlights the difficulties involved in mobilising money for biodiversity.
随着一个关键的联合国生物多样性峰会在亚美尼亚举行，直至10月30日讨论其未来，以下是该基金如何运作以及其起步乏力的原因概述：基金如何运作？
As a crucial UN biodiversity summit in Armenia running until Oct 30 discusses its future, here is a rundown on how the fund works and reasons for its lacklustre start: How does the fund work?
该基金于2024年底在哥伦比亚卡利的COP16上通过，并于2025年2月开始运营。
Adopted at COP16 in Cali, Colombia, at the end of 2024, the fund began operating in February 2025.
它建议制药、化妆品、生物技术公司或专注于动植物育种的企业，缴纳其年利润的1%或营业额的0.1%。
It proposes the payment of 1% of the annual profits of pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biotechnology companies or firms specialising in animal and plant breeding, or 0.1% of their turnover.
在一份准备文件中，其设计者提到，考虑到相关行业的收入，有可能每年追回10亿美元。
In a preparatory document, its designers mentioned the possibility of recovering one billion dollars a year in light of the revenues of the sectors concerned.
然而，截至目前仅有三家企业捐款：英国公司TierraViva AI（1,000美元）和Prozomix（5,000美元），以及比利时公司E-BIOM（1,085美元）。另外两家企业承诺再捐款3,571美元。其依据是什么？
However, so far only three companies have contributed: The British firms TierraViva AI (US$1,000) and Prozomix (US$5,000), and the Belgian company E-BIOM (US$1,085). Two others have pledged an additional US$3,571. What is its justification?
数字序列信息（DSI）——源自植物、动物、真菌、病毒和微生物等遗传资源的数据——在数字数据库中可自由获取。
Digital sequence information (DSI) – data derived from genetic resources such as plants, animals, fungi, viruses and micro-organisms – is freely accessible in digital databases.
公司利用这一生物遗产，通过开发药物、乳霜、改良农业植物等方式将其转化为经济价值。
Companies draw on this biological heritage to turn it into economic value by developing a medicine, a cream, improving an agricultural plant and so on.
Cali 基金的理念是：那些直接或间接受益于此信息的人，应当回馈以支持生物多样性的保护以及保护生物多样性的当地社区。
The Cali Fund is based on the idea that those who benefit from this information, directly or indirectly, should in return contribute to the protection of biodiversity and to the local communities preserving it.
该基金不具法律约束力，但它确实邀请各国采取行政、政策或立法措施，以鼓励企业这样做。企业为何不愿参与？
The fund is not legally binding but it does invite states to adopt administrative, policy or legislative measures to encourage companies to do so. Why are companies reluctant?
根据位于巴黎的可持续发展智库 IDDRI 的朱丽叶特·兰德里（Juliette Landry）所述，主要困难在于“该机制仍然高度依赖激励措施和自愿捐助”。
The main difficulty is the “mechanism still relies very heavily on incentives and voluntary contributions”, according to Juliette Landry from the sustainable development think tank IDDRI based in Paris.
她表示：“只要这些激励措施不够强且在各国之间不够一致，企业完全可能质疑：为什么它应该捐助，而其竞争对手却不这样做？”非政府组织“为地球种树”（Plant-for-the-Planet）的公共政策顾问帕克希·达斯（Pakhi Das）称，目前没有任何国家有鼓励向该基金捐助的立法，也没有任何国家正在讨论此类立法。
“As long as these incentives are not strong enough and consistent across countries, a company may well ask why it should contribute when its competitors are not doing so.”Pakhi Das, public policy adviser at the NGO Plant-for-the-Planet, said there were no countries currently with legislation incentivising contributions to the fund, nor are there any where such legislation is under discussion.
除了筹集足够资源的挑战之外，另一个挑战在于所筹资金的实际使用方式。
Beyond the challenge of drawing enough resources into it, another lies in the actual use of the money collected.
“企业似乎提出的主要障碍是确保有保障措施，以明确其资金将如何被使用，” WWF-India 的主管维沙伊什·乌帕尔（Vishaish Uppal）表示。
“The main hurdle that companies seem to be raising is ensuring there are safeguards in place for how their funding will be used,” said Vishaish Uppal, a director at WWF-India.
企业还希望确保 Cali 基金的国际认可证书——用于记录遗传资源使用付款的凭证——也能得到国家层面的承认，以避免重复付费。制药业对此有何看法？
Companies also want to be sure that the Cali Fund’s internationally-accepted certificates – documenting receipt of payment for use of genetic resources – are also accepted nationally, to avoid paying twice. What does the pharmaceutical industry say?
“卡利基金的参与程度反映了人们对该机制设计和实施的持续质疑，而非对生物多样性缺乏承诺，”国际制药商协会联合会创新政策主管吉列尔梅·辛特拉说。
“The level of participation in the Cali Fund reflects ongoing questions about the design and implementation of the mechanism, rather than a lack of commitment to biodiversity,” said Guilherme Cintra, the director of innovation policy at the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations.
“目前的机制与现有法律重叠，依赖于关于数据在药物发现中如何被使用的不准确假设，”他补充道。几家大型化妆品公司未回应法新社的采访请求。成功仍有可能吗？
“The current mechanism overlaps with existing law, relies on inaccurate assumptions about how data is used in the discovery of medicines,” he added. Several major cosmetics companies did not respond to AFP’s requests. Is success still possible?
IDDRI的兰德里表示，所筹集的少量资金“本身不足以（单独）判断该机制是成功还是失败”。
The small amount collected “is not enough (on its own) to determine whether the mechanism is a success or a failure,” said Landry from IDDRI.
“在未来几年，问题在于政府是否能够创造合适的条件，使得基于数字序列信息开展产品和服务营销的公司实际向该机制作出贡献，”她补充道。
“In the coming years, the question will be whether governments manage to create the right conditions so that companies marketing products and services based on digital sequence information actually contribute to this mechanism,” she added.