全球冲突中激烈的导弹和无人机袭击，正向美国陆军展示其需要如何训练防空部队，以及如何保护他们免受威胁，陆军官员表示。关于保护“爱国者”（MIM-104 Patriot）地对空导弹系统和操作人员的经验教训正在汇总，陆军领导人称，这些观察结果正被迅速纳入训练，以帮助部队跟上不断演变的威胁和战术。
Intense missile and drone attacks in global conflicts are showing the US Army how it needs to train its air defenders, as well as how to protect them from threats, Army officials said. Lessons on protecting MIM-104 Patriot surface-to-air missile systems and crews are coming in, and Army leaders say those observations are being quickly incorporated into training to help troops keep pace with evolving threats and tactics.
在对乌克兰的战争中，俄罗斯军队一直在猎杀“爱国者”阵地及其他防空系统，同时试图用单向攻击无人机、弹道导弹和巡航导弹的复杂齐射来压垮它们，这为机动、隐蔽、欺骗和分散部署提供了经验教训。与此同时，与伊朗的冲突让美军及盟军防空部队面临抵御大规模无人机和导弹轰炸、同时管理拦截弹库存的挑战。陆军正在汲取这些教训，官员们表示。
In their war against Ukraine, Russian forces have hunted Patriot batteries and other air-defense systems while also trying to overwhelm them with complex barrages of one-way attack drones alongside ballistic and cruise missiles, providing lessons in mobility, concealment, deception, and dispersal. The war with Iran, meanwhile, has exposed American and allied air defenders to the challenge of defending against large-scale drone and missile bombardments while managing interceptor stocks. The Army is learning those lessons, officials say.
美国陆军太空与导弹防御司令部司令约翰·拉弗蒂中将上周在美陆军协会年会上对记者表示，防空兵“可能是陆军中最积极主动地从乌克兰汲取经验教训的群体”，重点关注生存能力和关键资产防护。“我们如何接纳来自乌克兰的这些观察，并将其付诸行动？”拉弗蒂说，这是他今年早些时候接任司令时提出的首要问题之一。他表示，他已看到指挥团队“如何落实这些教训，以及他们如何采取措施保护官兵、保护‘爱国者’及传感器等关键系统，包括防护、伪装、欺骗，所有这些方面。”
Lt. Gen. John Rafferty, the head of Army Space and Missile Defense Command, told reporters at the Association of the United States Army conference last week that air defenders have been "probably the most aggressive community in the Army for learning lessons from Ukraine," with an emphasis on survivability and the protection of critical assets. "How have we embraced those observations from Ukraine and then put them into action?" Rafferty said this was one of the first questions he asked when he took command earlier this year. He said that he has seen how command teams have "put those lessons in place and how they are taking steps to protect their soldiers, to protect the critical systems of Patriots and sensors, protection, camouflage, deception, all of that."
第32陆军防空暨导弹防御司令部官员向《商业内幕》透露，来自乌克兰的观察和教训会共享给其位于得克萨斯州布利斯堡的总部，在那里更新防空士兵的训练教材。
Officials with the 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command told Business Insider that observations and lessons from Ukraine are shared with its headquarters at Fort Bliss, Texas, where training materials for air defense soldiers are updated.
这些信息也与更广泛的陆军部队及行业合作伙伴共享。第32陆军防空反导司令部最近划归陆军太空与导弹防御司令部管辖，负责跨区域的导弹防御规划。其职责既包括主动防御，如拦截来袭导弹，也包括被动措施，如伪装和分散部署，以及协调情报和指挥控制。拉弗蒂和其他官员表示，美国与伊朗的战争对美军防空部队进行了压力测试，正在提供宝贵的防空数据。
The information is also shared with the larger Army and industry partners. The 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command recently transferred to Army Space and Missile Defense Command and is tasked with missile defense planning across different regions. Its responsibilities include both active defenses, such as intercepting incoming missiles, and passive measures, such as camouflage and dispersal, as well as coordinating intelligence and command-and-control. Rafferty and other officials said that the US war with Iran, which has stress-tested American air defense units, is providing valuable data on air defense.
据拉弗蒂称，其司令部约有2500名士兵部署在中东，既包括防空编队，也包括太空专家。他表示，该司令部约25%至30%的防空编队已被部署。这些部队主要由“爱国者”部队和“萨德”（末段高空区域防御）反弹道导弹防御机组组成。“我们将在中东看到的情况反馈给编制中的其他旅，”第32陆军防空反导司令部行动副指挥官马修·英吉尔斯上校说。
According to Rafferty, roughly 2,500 soldiers from his command are deployed to the Middle East, including both air defense formations and space specialists. He said that roughly 25% to 30% of the command's air defense formations are deployed. These forces consist primarily of Patriot units and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-ballistic missile defense crews. "We're taking the things that we're seeing in the Middle East and feeding it back to the other brigades in the formation," Col. Matthew Ingils, deputy commanding officer for operations with the 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command, said.
经验教训包括“威胁类型”，以及“我们所见到的规模、范围、复杂性”，然后利用这些见解训练新编队，以便加入防空部队的个别士兵能迅速跟上进度。乌克兰和中东的冲突带来不同挑战，使陆军获得了更广泛的经验教训纳入训练。为应对新威胁或采用新战术，士兵们使用正在根据中东和乌克兰经验教训更新的战斗模拟进行训练。
Lessons include "the types of threats" as well as "the scale, the scope, the complexity of what we're seeing," and then training new formations on that insight so that individual soldiers who join an air defense unit can quickly catch up. The conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East present different challenges, giving the Army a broader range of lessons to incorporate into its training. To prepare to counter new threats or employ new tactics, soldiers use combat simulations that are being updated with lessons from the Middle East and Ukraine.
当前冲突已向陆军和更广泛的美军表明，防空系统对于拦截导弹和无人机、保护关键资产以及对抗飞机至关重要。
Current conflicts have shown the Army and broader US military that air defenses are essential for intercepting missiles and drones, protecting critical assets, and challenging aircraft.
然而，防空拦截弹和其他弹药的大量消耗，引发了人们对美国是否拥有足够储备以应对未来冲突的担忧。与此同时，防空部队本身已成为敌方部队的优先打击目标，这使得分散部署、伪装和机动对于其生存变得愈发重要。
Heavy expenditure of air-defense interceptors and other munitions, however, have raised concerns about whether the US is sufficiently stocked for future fights. At the same time, air defenders themselves have become priority targets for enemy forces, making dispersal, camouflage, and mobility increasingly important to their survival.