匈牙利正在考虑以替代供应商取代俄罗斯Rosatom，成为其帕克核电站扩建项目的主要承包商，并已开始就替代方案展开可行性评估。据两人透露，该项目于2014年由总理欧班直接授予Rosatom，未经过招标程序，政治敏感性极高且成本极其高昂。此外，今年8月的一场干旱导致核电站现有反应堆接近停运，进一步增加了不确定性。
Hungary is considering replacing Russia's Rosatom as the main contractor in the expansion of its Paks nuclear power plant and has started sounding out alternative suppliers as part of a review of the project, two people said. The project, awarded by Viktor Orban to Rosatom without a tender in 2014, is politically sensitive and extremely costly. Adding to the uncertainties, in August a drought led to a near shutdown of the plant's existing reactors.
帕克核电站扩建是Rosatom在欧洲最重要的核电项目，仅次于2022年5月芬兰取消与Rosatom合同一事。此后双方陷入法律纠纷。在欧班执政期间，匈牙利一直反对对俄罗斯核能实施制裁。
The expansion of Paks is Rosatom's most prominent nuclear project in the European Union, after Finland cancelled the contract with the Russian firm in May 2022. The parties have since been locked in legal disputes. Under Orban, Hungary opposed any sanctions on Russian nuclear energy.
总理马加尔赢得4月大选后压倒性胜利，其内阁预计将于今年晚些时候或明年年初就帕克扩建项目做出最终决定。
The cabinet of Prime Minister Peter Magyar, who won a landslide election victory in April, is expected to make a final decision about the Paks expansion later this year or early next year.
该项目最初预算为125亿欧元，到今年2月浇筑第一罐混凝土时，匈牙利已花费超过20亿欧元（约合22.4亿美元）。
The project, originally estimated to cost €12.5 billion, had cost Hungary more than €2 billion ($2.24 billion) by the time the first concrete was poured in February.
匈牙利政府一名 spokeswoman 和 Rosatom 对路透社周三的置评请求未作回应。
A Hungarian government spokeswoman and Rosatom did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment on Wednesday.
熟悉该扩建项目审查情况的人士表示，所有方案都在考虑范围内，被问及是否会导致匈牙利更换主要承包商时如此表示。该人士还表示，此次审查将评估更换供应商所带来的法律、技术、财务和时间方面的后果，以及该项目是否具有财务可行性。
A person familiar with the review of the expansion project said all scenarios were on the table, when asked whether it could lead to Hungary changing its main contractor. The person also said the review would identify the legal, technical, financial and timing consequences of changing supplier, and whether the project was financially viable.
与Rosatom的原始合同已修订五次，第六次修订版已准备但尚未签署。
The original contract with Rosatom has been amended five times, with a sixth amendment prepared but not signed.
另有一项挫折：欧洲法院（欧盟最高法院）一项2025年的裁决推翻了欧盟委员会对该项目国家援助批准的决定。
In another setback, a 2025 ruling from the European Court of Justice, the EU's highest court, annulled the European Commission's approval of state aid for the project.
另一位与政府关系密切的消息人士表示，政府“倾向于认为扩建帕克斯核电站（Paks）是必要的”，但认为俄罗斯国家原子能公司（Rosatom）不应参与该项目的建设。
A second source, close to the administration, said the government was "leaning towards a conclusion that the Paks expansion is necessary" but that Rosatom should not be involved.
核能发电能够提供大量的基础负荷电力，且几乎不产生碳排放；然而，核电站通常需要大量的冷却用水，这使得它们容易受到气候变化导致的干旱和热浪的影响（这些极端天气事件正变得越来越频繁）。
Nuclear generation can provide a huge supply of baseload power with almost no carbon emissions, but plants typically need large volumes of cool water, making them vulnerable to the droughts and heatwaves that climate change is making more frequent.
尽管核能项目的建设和运营成本较高、技术复杂，但匈牙利亲欧盟的政府仍大力支持核能发展——因为匈牙利需要依靠核能来满足不断增长的能源需求，并平衡间歇性可再生能源的供应。
Despite nuclear's cost and complexity, Magyar's pro-EU government is strongly in favour of nuclear energy, which it needs to meet rising demand and to balance intermittent renewable sources.
“核能及其产业链在欧洲层面具有巨大的潜力，有助于增强我们的能源安全能力，”匈牙利经济与能源部负责核能及国际关系的副部长祖萨·贝雷斯（Zsuzsa Beres）表示。她在上周的一次会议上说：“未来我们仍会继续高度依赖核能。”
"Nuclear energy and the nuclear supply chain offer the greatest potential, including at the European level, to secure and strengthen our own capacities," Zsuzsa Beres, deputy state secretary in charge of nuclear energy and international relations at the Economy and Energy Ministry, said. "We will continue to rely heavily on nuclear energy in the future," she told a conference last week.
作为帕克斯核电站扩建前的临时措施，布达佩斯正在争取批准将四座由俄罗斯建造的核反应堆的运营许可证延长至20年（这些许可证的有效期分别为2032年至2037年）。
As a stopgap pending the Paks expansion, Budapest is exploring seeking approval for a 20-year extension of licences to operate four existing Russian-built reactors at Paks.
自2022年2月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来，欧盟成员国已大幅削减了对俄罗斯石油和天然气的进口。
The licences expire between 2032 and 2037.
然而，俄罗斯国家原子能公司成功规避了欧盟的制裁措施。根据世界核协会的数据，2025年俄罗斯仍为欧盟提供了约23%的核燃料浓缩服务以及16%的天然铀供应。
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, EU member states have cut Russian oil and gas imports. Rosatom, however, has avoided EU sanctions and in 2025, Russia supplied about 23% of the EU's enrichment deliveries and 16% of its natural uranium, according to data from the World Nuclear Association.
如果政府的审查结果决定不让俄罗斯国家原子能公司参与该项目，匈牙利可能需要承担迄今为止已支付给该公司的11亿欧元费用，以及可能因违约而产生的任何罚款。
Should the government's review decide against Rosatom, Hungary could have to absorb the €1.1 billion paid so far to Rosatom and any penalties for breach of contract.
这些消息人士并未透露任何可能的新供应商信息；不过有观点认为，选择欧洲供应商将有助于简化匈牙利的外交政策环境及制裁措施的实施。不过，项目管理的挑战依然存在。
The sources did not name any possible new supplier, though one said a European supplier would simplify the foreign-policy context and sanctions environment. The project management challenges would stay the same.
本月早些时候，俄罗斯原子能公司（Rosatom）的负责人阿列克谢·利哈切夫在莫斯科接受记者采访时表示，该公司正在等待匈牙利的审查结果。
Speaking to reporters in Moscow earlier this month, Alexei Likhachev, head of Rosatom, said the company was waiting for Hungary to complete its review.
他称自己已与匈牙利新政府进行了接触并提出了相关讨论，但至今尚未收到任何回复。
He said he had approached the new Hungarian government for talks, but so far had not had a response.