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俄罗斯乌克兰战争:斯洛维扬斯克前线附近的生活Russia's war in Ukraine: Life near the front line in Sloviansk

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想要撤离的人不被允许带走宠物 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWPeople who want to evacuate are not allowed to bring their pets Image: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

几天前,三枚俄罗斯航空炸弹击中了斯洛维扬斯克郊区的一个居民区。其中一枚击中了一栋五层公寓楼,造成七人受伤。连同邻近的克拉马托尔斯克,斯洛维扬斯克是乌克兰东部顿涅茨克地区仍处于乌克兰控制之下的最后几个主要城镇之一。自夏季以来,这座城市一直是战区。

A few days ago, three Russian aerial bombs struck a residential neighborhood on the outskirts of Sloviansk. One hit a five-story apartment building, injuring seven people Along with neighboring Kramatorsk, Sloviansk is one of the last major towns in the eastern Ukrainian region of Donetsk still under Ukrainian control. Since summer, the city has been a combat zone In a courtyard surrounded by damaged apartment blocks, a dusty carpet hangs over the metal frame of a swing set.

在一个被受损公寓楼包围的庭院里,一块布满灰尘的地毯挂在秋千架的金属框架上。住在街对面楼里的退休老人捷佳娜把它从满是瓦砾的公寓里拿出来清洗。炸弹袭来时,她正在厨房里。

Tetjana, a pensioner who lives in the building across the street, has brought it out of her rubble-strewn apartment to clean it. She was in her kitchen when the bombs struck.

“炸弹击中了二楼,住在四楼的一名女子在尖叫,”她告诉德国之声。“他们设法在该楼段整体坍塌前把她救了出来,”她补充道。

"The bomb hit the second floor, and a woman who lived on the fourth floor was screaming," she tells DW. "They managed to rescue her before that entire section of the building collapsed," she adds.

尽管获得了撤离机会,捷佳娜至今仍未离开斯洛维扬斯克。“我不知道我会去哪里,”她说。房租每月高达400欧元(约合449美元)。捷佳娜的养老金仅相当于每月67欧元(约合75美元)。即使加上每月约40欧元(约合45美元)的安置补助,她也无法收支平衡。“我靠那点钱活不下去。哪儿都不行!”

Despite being offered the opportunity to evacuate, Tetjana has yet to leave Sloviansk. "I don't know where I would go," she says. Rent can cost up to €400 ($449) a month. Tetjana's pension is the equivalent of just €67 ($75) a month. Even with monthly relocation assistance of about €40 ($45), she could not make ends meet. "I couldn't live on that. Nowhere!"

与此同时,她所在街区仍有电力和供水,但燃气供应已被切断。“我们会挺过去的,”捷佳娜充满希望地说。“一切都会好的。我对每个人都这么说。我多么希望如此。”居民因宠物不愿撤离袭击发生几天后,留在受损楼里的寥寥几名居民仍在清理公寓。但另一次袭击在他们工作时发生。这一次,炸弹击中了一栋设有国家紧急援助中心和红十字会的建筑。消防员扑灭大火的同时,救援人员和志愿者取出留在里面的物品,清理碎玻璃。此次袭击造成八人受伤。

Meanwhile, electricity and water are still available in her neighborhood, but the gas supply has been cut off. "We'll get through this," Tetjana says hopefully. "Everything will be OK. That's what I tell everyone. I want that so much." Residents reluctant to evacuate without pets Days after the attack, the few residents remaining in the damaged buildings were still clearing out their apartments. But another attack hit as they worked. This time, the bombs struck a building housing a state-run emergency assistance center and the Red Cross. While firefighters put out the blaze, rescue workers and volunteers retrieved belongings left inside and cleared away broken glass. Eight people were injured in the attack.

“当时我在阳台上,突然传来一声震耳欲聋的巨响。感觉就像有人用重物砸了我的头,”娜塔利娅描述最近一次袭击时说。这位退休老人来到城市的这一带,是为了照顾她的双胞胎姐姐。“她已经无法行动了。今天我给她买不到面包,只能买干面包,”她告诉德国之声。虽然烧毁的市场上还留着几家商店和摊位,但面包并非天天有售。

"I was on the balcony when there was a deafening bang. It felt as if someone had hit me over the head," says Natalja, describing one of the recent attacks. The pensioner comes to this part of the city to care for her twin sister. "She can no longer get around. Today, I couldn't bring her bread, only crispbread," she tells DW. Although shops and a few stalls remain at the burned-out market, bread is not available every day. "I tried to persuade my sister to leave.

志愿者帮助清理废墟,并从一处坚韧中心取回物品,此前一枚俄罗斯炸弹击中了斯拉维扬斯克的这栋建筑 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWVolunteers help clear the debris and retrieve belongings from a resilience center after a Russian bomb struck the building in SlovianskImage: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

“我试着劝姐姐离开。我去养老院,她去医院。但她的狗病了,我的狗也病了,”娜塔利娅说,并指出撤离时不允许带宠物。“我不能把姐姐丢下不管。她很担心,还生我的气,仿佛一切都是我的错。我已经没有力气了。”娜塔利娅缓缓踏上回家路,“以便天黑前到家。”市中心距离近4公里(2.5英里)。自邻城克拉马托尔斯克两辆公交车遭袭致30人死亡后,公共交通已停运。

I would go to a nursing home and she would go to a hospital. But her dog is sick, and I have one, too," Natalja says, noting that pets are not allowed during evacuations. "I can't leave my sister behind. She is worried and angry with me, as if everything were my fault. I have no strength left." Natalja slowly sets off for home, "so I can get there before dark." The city center is nearly 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) away. Public transportation has been suspended since 30 people were killed in an attack on two buses in neighboring Kramatorsk.

娜塔利娅照顾她的双胞胎姐妹,后者拒绝离开,因为她不得不把狗留在身后 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWNatalja cares for her twin sister who refuses to leave as she would have to leave her dog behindImage: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

“我们习惯了在炮火中生活”斯拉维扬斯克市中心破坏严重。街上行人稀少,仅有少数商店仍在营业。这座原本拥有10万居民的城市,如今仅剩约2万人,多为无法离开的老年人。

"We're used to living under fire" The center of Sloviansk is heavily damaged. Few people are out on the streets, though a handful of shops remain open. Of the city's 100,000 residents, about 20,000 remain, most of them elderly people who are unable to leave.

养老金领取者瓦西里来自斯拉维扬斯克以北的马亚基村。一位邻居开车把他送到市中心,他在一家咖啡馆坐下吃午饭。“我们现在已经习惯了在炮火下生活,”他说,“但这是个坏习惯。我们早就该改掉它了。”

Vasyl, a pensioner, is from the village of Mayaky, north of Sloviansk. A neighbor drove him into the city center, where he sat down for lunch in a cafe. "We're used to living under fire by now," he says. "But it's a bad habit. We should have broken it long ago."

瓦西里希望自己的家乡能获得和平。但他拒绝俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的要求,即把顿涅茨克地区由乌克兰控制的部分交给莫斯科。两名老年妇女在一条覆盖着防无人机网的街道上交谈。“我已经记不清上次一觉睡到天亮是什么时候了,”养老金领取者伊琳娜说,“这太可怕了,但我无处可去。我本应丢下我的两只猫,但我太爱它们了。它们是我仅有的一切。”

Vasyl wants peace for his homeland. But he rejects Russian President Vladimir Putin's demand that the part of the Donetsk region under Ukrainian control be handed over to Moscow Two elderly women talk on a street covered with nets to protect against drones. "I can't remember the last time I slept through the night," says Iryna, a pensioner. "It's terrible, but I have nowhere to go. I'm supposed to leave my two cats behind, but I love them so much. They're all I have."

斯拉维扬斯克的生活几近停摆,只有少数商店和市场摊位仍在营业 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWLife has almost come to a standstill in Sloviansk and only few shops and market stalls remain openImage: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

“我们只能颤抖着躲藏,祈求上帝让一切都好起来,”伊琳娜继续说道,“当我必须去市场时,我不知道自己能不能活着到那里。”几周前,俄罗斯无人机袭击了中央市场,造成至少三人受伤。自那以后,来市场的商贩和顾客都变少了。“我们梦想留在这里”瓦列里娅卖女性内衣。由于幼儿园关闭,她不得不把5岁的女儿索菲娅带到工作地点。她们在斯拉维扬斯克所住的街区尚未被纳入有子女家庭的强制撤离范围。

"We can only hide, trembling, and pray to God that everything will be all right," Iryna continues. "When I have to go to the market, I don't know if I'll make it there alive." Russian drones attacked the central market several weeks ago, injuring at least three people. Since then, fewer vendors and customers have been coming to the market. "We dream of staying here" Valeriya sells women's underwear. With kindergartens closed, she has to bring her 5-year-old daughter Sofia to work. Their neighborhood in Sloviansk is not yet subject to the mandatory evacuation of families with children.

持续不断的无人机嗡嗡声和对俄罗斯袭击的恐惧,让人们无法整夜安睡 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWThe constant buzz of drones and the fear of Russian attacks keeps people from sleeping through the nightImage: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

“我们现在已经习惯了这种生活。我们在2022年被撤离过,但后来又回来了。现在我们又在等着再次被撤离,”瓦列里娅说。

"We're used to this life by now. We were evacuated in 2022, but later returned. Now we're waiting to be evacuated again," Valeriya says.

索菲娅和她大一岁的朋友安娅在市场的过道间奔跑。安娅的母亲是一名保卫家乡的士兵。她的祖母特季扬娜坐在附近卖男装。她也必须在工作的同时照看孙女。

Sofia races through the market aisles with her friend Anya, who is a year older. Anya's mother is a soldier defending her hometown. Her grandmother, Tetjana, sits nearby selling men's clothing. She, too, has to look after her granddaughter while working.

特佳娜已经开始将她的个人物品运往第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区,她希望在那里开始新的生活。她趁邮局还开放的时候寄出这些物品。“看到我们的乌克兰遭到破坏,真的让人心痛,”她强忍着泪水说道,“谁来重建我们的城市呢?”她希望有一天能够回到家乡。但巴赫穆特的命运一直让她忧心忡忡:“看看巴赫穆特吧——那里已经没有房屋了。我只能依靠我们的士兵来保卫我们的城市,尽管这非常困难。”

Tetjana has started shipping her belongings to the Dnipropetrovsk region where she hopes to start a new life. She is sending them while the post office is still open. "It hurts to see our Ukraine being destroyed, " she says, fighting back tears. "Who will rebuild our cities?" She hopes to return one day. But the fate of Bakhmut weighs on her mind. "Look at Bakhmut. There are no houses left.

5岁的索菲亚和6岁的安雅在斯拉维扬斯克中央市场玩耍,因为幼儿园因战争而关闭 图片:Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DWSofia, 5, and Anya, 6, play at Sloviansk central market as their kindergartens are closed due to the warImage: Hanna Sokolova-Stekh/DW

巴赫穆特距离斯洛维扬斯克约50公里(31英里),在经过数月的激烈战斗后于2023年落入了俄罗斯军队的控制之下。

I'm counting on our boys to hold our cities, even though it's very difficult." Bakhmut, about 50 kilometers (31 miles) from Sloviansk, fell to Russian forces in 2023 after months of heavy fighting.

这些妇女对停火几乎不抱任何希望:“普京不会同意停火的。而且我们的年轻一代会问我们,我们当初到底为什么而战,”特佳娜说。她坚信俄罗斯必须从乌克兰领土上撤军。

The women see little hope for a ceasefire. "Putin won't want one. And our younger generation will ask us what we fought for in the first place," Tetjana says. She believes Russia must withdraw from Ukrainian territory.

无人机在头顶上盘旋,枪声在市场上回荡。“我们的士兵很难击落那些无人机,”特佳娜说,“但他们正在尽最大努力。”俄罗斯的袭击不断波及乌克兰的平民。

Drones buzz overhead as gunfire echoes across the market. "It's hard for our boys to shoot them down," Tetjana says. "But they're doing their best." Russian strikes hit civilians in Ukraine

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