布鲁塞尔——一位官员周四表示，国际刑事法院及其处境艰难的工作人员获得了欧盟最高的人权奖项——萨哈罗夫奖。
BRUSSELS — The International Criminal Court and its embattled staff have won the European Union’s top human rights honor, the Sakharov Prize, an official said Thursday.
这一奖项的颁发，距离特朗普政府宣布对这家位于荷兰海牙的国际刑事法院实施新的制裁仅几天时间。特朗普政府的制裁措施旨在破坏该法院的运作，因为该法院正在调查美国及其盟友（包括以色列）的相关罪行。
The award came just days after the Trump administration announced sweeping new sanctions on the court, which is based in The Hague, Netherlands, as part of its campaign to dismantle the tribunal over investigations into the United States and its allies, including Israel.
“欧盟建立在尊重多边主义和国际机构的基础上，这一奖项正是对国际刑事法院在维护国际法和正义方面所做重要工作的认可，”欧洲议会主席罗伯塔·梅佐拉说。她在法国斯特拉斯堡的欧洲议会发表这一声明时，赢得了在场人士的起立鼓掌。
“The European Union is built on respect for multilateralism and international institutions, and this prize recognizes the important work of the court in upholding international law and justice,” European Parliament President Roberta Metsola said. Her announcement at the parliament in Strasbourg, France, was greeted with a standing ovation.
这个以苏联持不同政见者、诺贝尔和平奖得主安德烈·萨哈罗夫命名的年度奖项设立于1988年，旨在表彰那些为捍卫人权和基本自由而努力的个人或组织。
The annual EU award, named after Soviet dissident and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Andrei Sakharov, was created in 1988 to honor individuals or groups who defend human rights and basic freedoms.
面对外界的种种压力，国际刑事法院的官员们对这一奖项表示欢迎。日本籍国际刑事法院院长赤根智子表示：“在这个法院及其工作人员面临前所未有的挑战之际，萨哈罗夫奖显得尤为重要——它再次强调了独立司法机构以及那些致力于维护国际法的人们的价值。”
A court under fire welcomes the award ICC President Tomoko Akane of Japan welcomed the award, saying that it “comes at a time when the court and its officials face unprecedented challenges.”“Against this backdrop, the Sakharov Prize carries particular significance, reaffirming the importance of independent judicial institutions and of those who work to uphold international law,” she said in a statement.
国际刑事法院成立于2002年，作为最后一道追责机制，用于起诉那些被认定犯有“严重违背人类良知”的罪行的高级领导人。该法院的管辖范围包括战争罪、反人类罪、种族灭绝罪和侵略罪。
The ICC opened in 2002 as a court of last resort to prosecute senior leaders it deems responsible for crimes that, according to its founding treaty, “deeply shock the conscience of humanity.”It has jurisdiction over war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression.
特朗普政府的制裁措施切断了该法院与美国金融服务机构、科技公司的联系，甚至限制了其使用美元的权限。美国政府还要求与该国法院有业务往来的美国企业和个人在六个月内终止相关合作。
The Trump administration’s sanctions cut off the court from U.S.-based financial services, technology companies, and even the use of U.S. dollars. They set a six-month timeline for U.S. companies and individuals that have business with the court to wind that business down.
欧盟考虑应对选项在上周峰会后的声明中，欧盟领导人表示，这个由27个国家组成的集团“深感遗憾”特朗普政府的制裁举措，并“敦促美国撤销这些最新措施”。他们指出，美国已将制裁的全面影响推迟六个月，这“为外交创造了空间”，并表示希望这些措施最终能够被撤销。
The EU considers options to respond In a statement after their summit last week, EU leaders said that the 27-nation bloc “deeply regrets” the Trump administration’s sanctions move and “urges the United States to reverse these latest measures.”They noted that the U.S. has delayed the full impact of the sanctions by six months, and that “this creates space for diplomacy,” and expressed hope that the measures can ultimately be reversed.
然而，如果外交努力失败，领导人坚持“欧盟准备采取一切必要措施”。他们责成欧盟委员会“采取一切适当举措”，帮助保护国际刑事法院并减轻制裁的影响，“特别是针对欧盟企业，以便它们能够继续为该法院提供服务”。一项可能的报复措施是欧盟的“阻断法令”，该法令可用于保护欧洲法院工作人员，并可能保护设在海牙的法院本身，方式是阻止欧洲公司遵守美国的措施。
Should diplomacy fail, however, the leaders insisted on “the EU’s readiness to take all necessary measures.”They tasked the European Commission “to take all appropriate initiatives” to help protect the ICC and mitigate the impact of the sanctions, “specifically towards EU companies so that they can continue providing services to the Court.”One possible retaliatory measure is the EU “blocking statute,” which could be used to protect European court staff, and possibly the Dutch-based court itself, by preventing European companies from complying with the U.S. measures.
当权利和正义受到攻击时颁发的奖项国际刑事法院及其官员由欧洲议会中的社会党与民主党团提名该奖项。该党团汇集了欧洲各地的中左翼政党，表示“在国际司法受到攻击之际，我们为提出他们的候选资格感到自豪”。萨哈罗夫奖得主由欧洲议会议长和欧盟高层立法者从议会各政治党团提名的候选人中选出。议会表示，该奖项是“欧盟对人权工作的最高敬意”。
An award for when rights and justice come under attack The ICC and its officials were nominated for the prize by the Socialist and Democrats group in the European Parliament. The group, which unites center-left parties across Europe, said that it was “proud to have put forward their candidacy at a time when international justice is under attack.”The Sakharov winner is chosen by the European Parliament’s president and top EU lawmakers from among candidates nominated by the parliament’s various political groups. The assembly says the award is “the highest tribute paid by the European Union to human rights work.”
被监禁的坦桑尼亚反对派领袖通杜·利苏，以及因参加反对伊朗政府示威而被关押的双胞胎塔拉内·拉希米和罗米娜·拉希米，是进入欧盟最终候选名单的其他人物。
Imprisoned Tanzanian opposition leader Tundu Lissu and Taraneh and Romina Rahimi — twins being held in prison for taking part in demonstrations against the Iranian government — were the others to make the EU shortlist.
去年的奖项授予了记者安德烈·波茨布特和姆齐亚·阿马格洛贝利，他们分别被白俄罗斯和格鲁吉亚监禁。梅措拉当时表示，“他们的勇气使他们成为争取自由和民主斗争的象征。” 几位萨哈罗夫奖得主，包括纳尔逊·曼德拉、马拉拉·优素福扎伊、德尼·穆克韦格和纳迪亚·穆拉德，后来又获得了诺贝尔和平奖。委内瑞拉反对派领导人玛丽亚·科里娜·马查多去年获得了诺贝尔和平奖，今年（2024年）领取了萨哈罗夫奖。
Last year’s prize went to journalists Andrzej Poczobut and Mzia Amaghlobeli, who were imprisoned in Belarus and Georgia, respectively. Metsola said at the time that “their courage has made them symbols of the struggle for freedom and democracy.”Several Sakharov laureates, including Nelson Mandela, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad, went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado, who won the Nobel Peace Prize last year, picked up the Sakharov Prize in 2024.