
俄罗斯谷物行业正寻求越来越多的小众方案来运输小麦,因为黑海的袭击持续阻碍着世界最大小麦供应国的出口。
Russia’s grain industry is looking to increasingly niche solutions for shipping wheat as attacks in the Black Sea continue to choke off exports from the world’s biggest supplier.
最新的替代方案:格鲁吉亚克里姆林宫支持的分离主义地区阿布哈兹的一个微型港口。
The latest alternative: a tiny port in the Kremlin-backed separatist region of Georgia.
据四位知情人士透露,物流运营商 Modern Way 正提议从阿布哈兹的奥恰姆奇拉港运输小麦和其他农产品。他们表示,几位俄罗斯本土的贸易商和经纪人正在审议该提议,计划用集装箱将农作物运往土耳其。
Logistics operator Modern Way is offering to transport wheat and other agricultural produce from the Ochamchire port in Abkhazia, according to four people familiar with the plans. Several Russia-based traders and brokers are reviewing the proposal to take the crops to Turkey in containers, they said.
奥恰姆奇拉港运力有限,且用集装箱运输谷物成本高昂且非同寻常,这种方式通常只用于高价值香料和易腐香蕉等食品。这一提议凸显了该行业为维持粮食流通所付出的努力。黑海的袭击正在挤压农民和贸易商的收入,克里姆林宫一直在施加压力和提供激励,以维持俄罗斯在市场上的主导地位。
The Ochamchire port has a limited capacity, and it’s expensive and unusual to ship grains in containers, a method typically reserved for foodstuffs like high-value spices and perishable bananas. The proposal underscores the lengths that the industry is going to in its efforts to keep grain flowing. The attacks in the Black Sea are squeezing revenues for farmers and traders, and the Kremlin has been using both pressure and incentives to maintain Russia’s dominant position in the market.
俄罗斯约占全球小麦贸易的五分之一,其黑海港口处理了约 90% 的出口量。俄乌之间的袭击几乎停止了两国粮食枢纽的发货,导致小麦价格在 8 月飙升至三年高点,并刺激了对新运输路线的搜寻。
Russia accounts for about a fifth of the global wheat trade and its Black Sea ports handled about 90% of exports. Attacks between Russia and Ukraine have virtually halted shipments from the two nations’ grain hubs, causing wheat prices to spike to a three-year high in August and spurring a search for new transport routes.

对俄罗斯而言,这意味着启用北极港口摩尔曼斯克和波罗的海港口。俄罗斯一直通过铁路将谷物运往远东。其贸易商也加大了集装箱的使用力度,这些集装箱如今正穿越俄罗斯数千英里,前往圣彼得堡和太平洋沿岸的海参崴等各异港口。但迄今为止,这些替代方案仍无法满足所需运量。
For Russia, that’s meant tapping the Arctic port of Murmansk and ports in the Baltic Sea. It’s been transporting grains to the Far East via rail. Its traders have also stepped up the use of containers, which are now traveling thousands of miles across Russia to ports as diverse as St Petersburg and Vladivostok on the Pacific. But so far, these alternatives have fallen short of the required volume.
“俄罗斯愿意考虑几乎所有可用的出口渠道,表明供应的安全性和连续性正变得几乎与传统的运费经济学同等重要,”曾从事数十年粮食贸易的顾问斯维顿·斯蒂尔(Swithun Still)表示。这“说明出口商多么重视其传统黑海物流受到的冲击”。要求不具名、因未获授权披露商业信息的人士称,目前尚不清楚会有多少贸易商选择奥恰姆奇拉航线。
“Russia’s willingness to consider virtually every available export outlet indicates that security and continuity of supply are becoming almost as important as conventional freight economics,” said Swithun Still, a consultant who spent decades trading grains. It “tells us how seriously exporters are taking the disruption to their traditional Black Sea logistics.”It’s not yet clear how many traders will choose the Ochamchire route, said the people who asked not to be named because they weren’t authorized to disclose commercial information.

现代之路(Modern Way)一名要求不具名、因未获授权与媒体交谈的员工表示,该码头已准备好开始向土耳其盖布泽(Gebze)发运粮食,只待质检服务于下月底前开通。
The terminal is ready to start shipping grains to Turkey’s Gebze, pending the opening of a quality inspection service by the end of next month, said an employee at Modern Way who asked not to be named because they weren’t authorized to talk to media.
据其网站介绍,该公司通过海运和铁路运输集装箱,在俄罗斯和中国设有办事处。还经营空运和仓储业务。
The company transports containers by sea and rail, and has offices in Russia and China, according to its website. It also handles air freight and storage.
现代之路、奥恰姆奇拉港务局、阿布哈兹经济部以及俄罗斯交通部和农业部均未回复置评邮件。
Modern Way, the Ochamchire port administration, Abkhazia’s ministry of economy and Russia’s ministries of transport and agriculture didn’t respond to emails seeking comment.
阿布哈兹于20世纪90年代从第比利斯分离,但世界大多数国家仍将其视为格鲁吉亚的一部分。俄罗斯在2008年与格鲁吉亚短暂交战后承认其独立。在莫斯科推动多元化黑海物流网络的背景下,奥恰姆奇拉集装箱港口于去年在俄罗斯资金支持下建成。
Abkhazia broke away from Tbilisi in the 1990s, but most of the world recognizes it as part of Georgia. Russia recognized its independence in 2008 following its brief war with Georgia. The Ochamchire container port was completed last year with Russian financial backing amid Moscow’s push to diversify its Black Sea logistics network.
粮食通常以干散货船运输,载重甚至可超过10万吨。据货运专家开普勒(Kpler)称,一个标准20英尺集装箱可装约23吨粮食,装卸需要额外成本和时间。
Grains are typically transported in dry-bulk vessels with capacity that can even exceed 100,000 tons. A standard 20-foot container can carry about 23 tons of grains, requiring extra cost and time to load, according to freight specialists Kpler.
得益于俄罗斯的铁路补贴以及因滞销粮堆积农场导致国内小麦价格暴跌,近几个月集装箱运输小麦迎来利好。这在一定程度上抵消了其高昂的运费成本。
Shipping wheat in containers got a boost in recent months thanks to Russia’s railway subsidies and a collapse in domestic wheat prices as unsold grain piles up on farms. That’s helped partly offset their high freight costs.
“集装箱运输填补了这一经济缺口,”俄罗斯谷物联盟主席阿尔卡季·兹洛切夫斯基表示,该联盟代表当地行业。“但它们成本更高,因此没人认为这是此类大宗货物的长期解决方案。”
“Container shipments have moved into this economic gap,” said Arkady Zlochevsky, head of the Russian Grain Union, which represents the local industry. “But they are more expensive, so nobody sees them as a long-term solution for cargoes of this size.”