东京——据《日经新闻》报道，由于美国要求各国增加国防开支，日本正在考虑从下一财年开始将更多类型的支出纳入国防开支的范畴，其中包括能源相关支出以及部分发展援助支出。
TOKYO -- Japan is considering placing a wider range of expenditures under the umbrella of defense spending starting next fiscal year, including energy and even some development assistance, as the U.S. demands bigger budgets, Nikkei has learned.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的政府正在敦促美国的盟友将其国内生产总值的3.5%用于核心国防开支。日本2026财年的国防预算仅占其预计国内生产总值的1.3%，若将相关支出全部计算在内，总国防开支也仅为1.5%。
U.S. President Donald Trump's administration is pushing America's allies to spend 3.5% of their gross domestic product on core defense. Japan's fiscal 2026 defense budget amounts to 1.3% of projected GDP, and adding in related expenditures brings the total to just 1.5%.
按照2026财年的数据，要达到特朗普设定的标准，日本每年需要额外投入约15万亿日元（960亿美元）的国防资金。
Based on the fiscal 2026 numbers, reaching Trump's benchmark would require around 15 trillion yen ($96 billion) in additional annual spending.
随着乌克兰和中东地区的战争重新定义了安全的含义，日本认为有必要扩大国防支出的范围。2022年底发布的《国家安全战略》修订版将研发、公共基础设施、网络安全和国际合作纳入了国防开支的范畴。
As wars in Ukraine and the Middle East redefine what constitutes security, Tokyo sees a need to widen the range of defense-related expenditures. A revised National Security Strategy released in late 2022 added research and development, public infrastructure, cybersecurity and international cooperation to the list.
日本政府正在考虑进一步扩展这些支出类别。相关提案包括将教育部监管下的大学开展的安全相关研究项目纳入国防研发预算。目前，公共基础设施的建设范围仅涵盖机场、海港和道路，未来可能会扩展到渔港，以便自卫队和海岸警卫队能够使用这些设施进行紧急疏散和部署。在国际合作方面，那些有助于日本安全的官方发展援助项目（如资源开发相关基础设施项目）也可能被纳入国防开支范围。
The government is considering further widening those four categories. Proposals include adding budgets for security-related research conducted by universities overseen by the education ministry to R&D. Public infrastructure, which now covers airports, sea ports and roads, may be expanded to encompass fishing ports. Japan looks to equip them for use in evacuations and deployments by the Self-Defense Forces and the coast guard. For international cooperation, projects related to the Official Development Assistance program that contribute to Japan's security, such as resource-related infrastructure projects, could be included.
2023年建立的“官方安全援助”框架规定日本可向选定国家免费提供国防装备，这些援助项目目前已被计入国防开支。
The Official Security Assistance framework established in 2023, under which Japan provides defense equipment for free to select countries, is already counted as defense spending.
将新领域列为“补充性开支”也是一种选择。有人认为，鉴于能源采购在维持长期作战中的关键作用，应将其视为日本国防能力的一部分。另有人表示，人工智能投资以及防空洞等民防措施也可以加入。
Adding new areas as "supplementary expenses" is an option as well. Some argue energy procurement should be considered part of Japan's defense capabilities, given its vital role in sustaining combat for prolonged periods. Others say that artificial intelligence investment and civil defense measures like shelters could be added as well.
但日本自卫队面临采购成本上升的问题，因为通货膨胀推高了价格。防卫省和执政党自民党内部分人士警告称，不应以牺牲装备等直接国防需求的预算为代价，扩大国防开支的范围。
But Japan's Self-Defense Forces face rising procurement costs as inflation drives up prices. Some in the Defense Ministry and the ruling Liberal Democratic Party have warned against broadening the scope of defense spending at the expense of budgets for direct defense needs like gear.
尽管政府意识到美国设定的3.5%基准，但其官方立场是，正在为必要开支增加国防预算。年底前来自华盛顿的压力程度可能会影响预算编制过程。
Although the government is conscious of the 3.5% benchmark set by the U.S., its official stance is that it is increasing the defense budget for necessary spending. The level of pressure from Washington going into the end of the year could affect the budgeting process.