
丹麦将从美国国防初创公司 Covenant 采购 Anthem 远程打击武器,并从挪威的 Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace(空间技术公司)采购联合打击导弹(JSM)巡航导弹。这位北欧北约成员国采取的双轨并行方案,将使其拥有从地面和空中发射远程打击的全新选项。此外,丹麦的这一举措反映了欧洲更广泛的推动,即获取更远程的打击选项,尤其是北约盟友寻求威慑俄罗斯。
Denmark is set to acquire Anthem long-range strike weapons from U.S.-based defense startup Covenant, as well as Joint Strike Missile (JSM) cruise missiles from Norway’s Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace. The twin-track approach by the Nordic NATO member will give it all-new options for launching long-range strikes from the ground and air. Furthermore, Denmark’s move reflects a broader European push to acquire longer-range strike options , especially by NATO allies seeking to deter Russia .
丹麦国防大臣耶佩·布鲁斯昨日宣布了上述计划采购。据路透社报道,他表示,新武器将增强丹麦应对袭击和打击“敌后目标”的能力。哥本哈根未披露涉及的导弹数量、采购金额或预计交付日期。
Danish Defense Minister Jeppe Bruus announced the planned purchases yesterday. He said the new weapons would strengthen Denmark’s ability to respond to an attack and strike targets “behind enemy lines,” according to Reuters . Copenhagen has not disclosed the number of missiles involved, the value of the purchases, or expected delivery dates.
Covenant Anthem 远程打击武器的资料图片。Covenant“我们正处于严峻且恶化的安全形势中,这也是我们建设国防、增强战斗力的原因,”布鲁斯对记者表示。他补充称,计划中的采购是一个“强有力的信号,表明我们有能力反击”,但并未明确点名任何特定对手。
A stock picture of Covenant’s Anthem long-range strike weapon. Covenant “We’re in a serious and deteriorating security situation, and that is why we are building up the defense and strengthening our combat power,” Bruus told reporters . The planned acquisitions are a “strong signal that we have the ability to strike back,” he added , without explicitly naming any particular adversary.
丹麦政府去年曾表示,将针对欧洲因俄罗斯持续对乌克兰战争而加剧的安全担忧,总体上追求新的远程进攻精确武器。布鲁斯的宣布正值俄罗斯与北约成员国之间地缘政治摩擦再度升级之际。
The Danish government did say last year that it would pursue new long-range offensive precision weapons, in general, in response to the growing security concerns in Europe amid Russia’s ongoing war against Ukraine. Bruus’ announcement comes amid a new surge in geopolitical friction between Russia and members of the NATO alliance .

2018 年测试中,一枚联合打击导弹(JSM)正被装载到美国空军 F-16 “毒蛇”战机上的资料图片。USAF这两项新采购将为丹麦提供重要的互补打击选项。“安瑟姆”是一种地面发射武器,而“联合打击导弹”则设计为空中发射,包括由隐身的F-35战斗机发射——丹麦空军目前正装备这种战机。这两款武器将共同扩大丹麦可从中实施立-off精确打击的平台范围,并为其武装部队提供攻击高价值军事目标的额外选项。
A stock picture of a Joint Strike Missile (JSM), seen here being loaded onto a US Air Force F-16 Viper during a test in 2018. USAF The two new acquisitions will provide Denmark with important complementary strike options. Anthem is a ground-launched weapon, while JSM is designed to be air-launched, including by stealthy F-35 fighters just like those in Danish Air Force service today. Together, the weapons are set to expand the range of platforms from which Denmark can deliver stand-off precision strikes and give its armed forces additional options for attacking high-value military targets.

2024年3月13日,一架丹麦皇家空军F-35A在内华达州内利斯空军基地起飞,执行“红旗-内利斯24-2”任务。美国空军照片,威廉·R·刘易斯摄 威廉·刘易斯“安瑟姆”由美国防务公司“誓约”研发,该公司还概述了在德国和以色列建立导弹生产线的计划。丹麦选定该系统,使该公司获得了一位重要的欧洲客户,因为北约成员国正寻求扩充其远程武器库存。
A Royal Danish Air Force F-35A takes off for a Red Flag-Nellis 24-2 mission at Nellis AFB, Nevada, on March 13, 2024. U.S. Air Force photo by William R. Lewis William Lewis Anthem is being developed by Covenant, a U.S.-based defense company that has also outlined plans to establish missile production in Germany and Israel. The system’s selection by Denmark gives the company an important European customer as NATO members seek to expand their inventories of long-range weapons.
“誓约”的“安瑟姆”属于一类弹药,这类弹药越来越多地模糊了远程自杀式无人机与传统巡航导弹之间的界限。它旨在提供一种成本更低、射程更远的打击能力,且比许多现有系统更易于生产、更便于规模化制造。“誓约”尚未公开披露该武器的射程。但未经证实的报道称其约为740英里(1200公里)。据称它还携带一枚重达200多公斤(441磅)的弹头。它还使用固体火箭发动机在发射时提供初始助推,随后过渡到重油喷气发动机进行巡航飞行。
Covenant’s Anthem is in a category of munitions that increasingly blurs the line between long-range kamikaze drones and traditional cruise missiles. It is designed to offer a lower-cost, longer-range strike capability that can be produced more easily and at greater scale than many existing systems. Covenant has not publicly disclosed the weapon’s range. Still-unconfirmed reports put it at roughly 740 miles (1,200 kilometers). It is also said to carry a warhead weighing more than 200 kilograms (441 pounds). It also uses a solid rocket motor to provide an initial boost at launch before transitioning to a heavy-fuel jet engine for cruise flight.

目前,关于“安瑟姆”究竟如何发射尚不清楚。它已经与美国陆军进行过测试,那些试验的图片显示,武器在地面上通过三轮起落架进行搬运。这可能指向从跑道进行火箭助推起飞。
Currently, it is unclear how exactly Anthem is launched. It has already undergone testing with the U.S. Army , and images from those trials show the weapons being handled on the ground using a tricycle undercarriage. This may point to rocket-assisted takeoffs from runways.
一枚“契约”巡航导弹在摩洛哥坦坦的非洲多域训练与实验中心准备进行实弹演示,摄于2026年8月5日。美国陆军照片,由乔丹·比格尔上尉拍摄上个月,“契约”公司宣布,其“安瑟姆”导弹已完成200多次试飞,并获得了约1.5亿美元的订单。该公司还透露,一位身份未公开的国际客户预计将在今年年底前开始接收德国制造的武器。这很可能是丹麦,但也可能有其他尚未公开露面的客户。与此同时,根据一份加速认证合同,美国陆军的交付预计将在2027年进行。
A Covenant cruise missile is prepared for a live-fire demonstration at the Africa Multidomain Training and Experimentation Center in Tan-Tan, Morocco, August 5, 2026. U.S. Army photo by Capt. Jordan Beagle Last month, Covenant announced it had already conducted more than 200 test flights of Anthem and had secured roughly $150 million in orders. It also disclosed that an unidentified international customer was expected to begin receiving German-built weapons before the end of this year. This may well be Denmark, though there could also be other customers that have yet to emerge publicly. Meanwhile, U.S. Army deliveries are expected in 2027, under an accelerated qualification contract.

“安瑟姆”反映了全球范围内更广泛的推动,即研发能够快速、大量生产的新型远程打击武器,这可能意味着以部分性能和复杂度为代价,换取比更昂贵的“精致”武器更高的可负担性、可扩展性和大规模可用性。中东地区近期的冲突以及乌克兰战争,凸显了在长期战斗中增加关键弹药储备并对其进行补充所面临的挑战。
Anthem reflects a broader push, globally, for new long-range strike weapons that can be manufactured rapidly and in large quantities , potentially trading some of the performance and sophistication of more expensive, ‘exquisite’ weapons for affordability, scalability, and mass availability. Recent conflicts in the Middle East , as well as the war in Ukraine , have underscored the challenges of bolstering stockpiles of critical munitions and replenishing them during prolonged fighting.
“联合打击导弹”由空客防务与航天公司与美国国防承包商雷神公司合作开发,是一种传统的空射巡航导弹,可用于打击陆地和海上目标。它能够内挂和外挂于F-35的A型和C型战机上。该设计也已完成多种其他战术喷气式飞机的外挂适配性检查。如前所述,“联合打击导弹”将为丹麦的F-35A提供一种全新的立-off精确打击选项。在该国的F-16“毒蛇”战斗机于1月退役后,这些是丹麦现役的唯一战术喷气式飞机。
JSM, developed by Kongsberg in cooperation with U.S. defense contractor Raytheon, is a traditional air-launched cruise missile capable of being employed against targets on land and at sea. It is capable of being carried internally and externally on the A and C variants of the F-35. The design has also been fit-checked for external carriage on a variety of other tactical jets. As already mentioned, JSM will provide an entirely new stand-off precision-strike option for Denmark’s F-35As. These are the only tactical jets in Danish service today following the retirement of the country’s F-16 Vipers in January.
照片展示了将“联合打击导弹”集成到F-35联合打击战斗机所有三个型号以及F-16上的工作。空客防务与航天公司康斯伯格公司已确定丹麦是第七个选择 JSM(Joint Strike Missile)的国家,不过最终的合同范围和金额仍需通过谈判确定。JSM 是海军打击导弹(NSM, Naval Strike Missile)的改进型产品;近年来,NSM 的全球销量持续增长,包括美国军方也在使用该导弹。
Pictures showing work on integrating the Joint Strike Missile on all three variants of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, as well as the F-16. Kongsberg Kongsberg has identified Denmark as the seventh country to select JSM , although the final contract scope and value remain subject to negotiations. JSM is an enlarged derivative of the surface-launched Naval Strike Missile (NSM), which has also seen growing worldwide sales in recent years, including to the U.S. military .

自 2025 年起,丹麦开始在其“伊维尔·胡伊特菲尔特”(Iver Huitfeldt)级护卫舰上部署 JSM,并将其纳入地面海岸防御系统。
Since 2025, Denmark has also been fielding NSM on its Iver Huitfeldt class frigates and as part of a ground-based coastal defense system.
由于 JSM 是空射型导弹,其最大射程部分取决于导弹发射时的高度以及搭载它的飞机的飞行速度。康斯伯格公司曾表示,该导弹的射程可超过 300 海里;但在低空渗透模式下使用时,其射程会显著缩短。
Since JSM is designed to be air-launched its maximum range is dependent in part on the altitude at which the missile is released, as well as the speed of the aircraft carrying it. Kongsberg has said in the past the missile can fly out to a range of more than 300 nautical miles, but also that its reach is significantly cut back when it is employed in its low-altitude penetration mode.
以下是关于 JSM 功能的详细说明(来自康斯伯格公司的演示文稿):JSM 搭载了 260 磅重的弹头,采用 GPS、惯性导航系统(INS)和地形测绘技术来引导其飞向目标。地形测绘功能为导弹提供了额外的导航手段,即使在 GPS 信号不佳或无法使用的情况下,也能帮助导弹保持飞行轨迹。
A briefing slide with various details about the JSM’s capabilities. Kongsberg The JSM carries a 260-pound warhead and uses a combination of GPS, inertial navigation (INS), and terrain mapping to guide it toward its target. The terrain-mapping capability provides an additional means of navigation, helping the missile maintain its course even in environments where GPS connectivity is degraded or unavailable.

在飞行的最后阶段,JSM 会切换到基于图像的红外制导系统来进行精确的目标识别。由于这种制导系统是被动工作的(不发射无线电频率信号),因此降低了被探测的风险,并且具备抗常规无线电干扰的能力。JSM 的设计还采用了多种降低自身信号特征的技术,以降低被探测的概率并提高其在飞行过程中的生存能力。
The missile switches over to an imaging infrared seeker to provide precise target discrimination during the terminal phase of flight. Because the seeker operates passively, it does not rely on emitting radiofrequency signals, reducing the risk of detection and making it immune to conventional radiofrequency jamming. The agile JSM’s overall design also includes reduced-signature features to help limit its detectability and improve its survivability on the way to the target.
在一场测试中,美国空军的 F-35A 战斗机发射了一枚 JSM 导弹。 弹在飞行途中能够接收更新的目标信息,或在中段飞行阶段被重新指向完全不同的目标。
A U.S. Air Force F-35A releases a Joint Strike Missile (JSM) during a test. Norwegian Defense Materiel Agency A two-way datalink also allows the missile to receive updated targeting information while en route, or to be redirected toward an entirely different target during the mid-course phase of flight.

这两项采购是丹麦更广泛努力的一部分,旨在提供在更远距离上对目标构成威胁的新选项。丹麦此前曾装备八套M270多管火箭系统(MLRS),但于2004年退役。该国目前正引入以色列的PULS火箭炮系统,该系统可根据任务使用不同类型的火箭和导弹。目前,丹麦军方似乎仅使用PULS发射炮兵火箭。
The dual purchases build on a broader Danish effort to field new options for holding targets at extended ranges at risk. Denmark previously operated eight M270 Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (MLRS), but retired them in 2004. The country is now introducing Israel’s PULS rocket artillery system , which can employ different rocket and missile types depending on the mission. Presently, the Danish military looks to be fielding PULS just with artillery rockets.
就丹麦当前和未来的地面作战能力而言,PULS(精准通用发射系统)和Anthem将发挥不同作用。在丹麦服役的PULS提供灵活的火箭炮能力,而Anthem则提供类似巡航导弹的远程精确打击选项。
In terms of Denmark’s current and future ground-based capabilities, PULS – which stands for Precise and Universal Launch System – and Anthem will serve different. In Danish service, PULS provides a flexible rocket artillery capability, while Anthem will offer a cruise-missile-like option for longer-range precision attacks.
采购JSM也反映出丹麦F-35机队对其未来作战能力的重要性。空射武器具备机动性和灵活性,但其使用取决于可用的飞机。在此背景下,丹麦计划将F-35机队从27架扩大至43架的计划(于2025年10月宣布),将为其新兴的远程打击能力提供更大的平台基础。
The acquisition of JSM also reflects the importance of Denmark’s F-35 fleet to its future combat capability. Air-launched weapons offer mobility and flexibility, but their employment depends on available aircraft. In this context, Denmark’s planned expansion of its F-35 fleet from 27 to 43 aircraft, announced in October 2025 , will provide a larger platform base for its emerging long-range strike capability.
丹麦日益增长的空基和地基打击能力之间也可能出现一定的重叠。去年在一次北约演习中,荷兰的F-35A展示了向PULS发射器提供目标数据的能力。像Anthem这样的地面发射武器也提供了一种无需战斗机携带升空的远程打击选项,进一步提升了作战灵活性。
There could be some overlap here between Denmark’s growing array of air- and ground-based strike capabilities, as well. Dutch F-35As demonstrated their ability to provide targeting data to PULS launchers during a NATO exercise last year. A ground-launched weapon like Anthem also provides an alternative long-range strike option that does not require a fighter to carry it aloft, creating additional operational flexibility.
对丹麦而言,采购联合打击导弹和“赞歌”导弹还具有另一层吸引力:在更经济、更易获得的远程打击武器之外,再增加一款性能出色的高端弹药。路透社报道称,Covenant公司预计“赞歌”导弹的最终成本将在六位数美元的中段区间,不过最终单价尚未披露。与此同时,据报道联合打击导弹的单价约为280万美元。
For Denmark, acquiring JSMs and Anthems also offers the appeal of adding a capable higher-end munition alongside a more affordable, readily available long-range strike weapon. Reuters has reported that Covenant expects Anthem to eventually cost in the mid-six-figure range, although a final unit price has not been disclosed. Meanwhile, the JSM has a reported unit cost of approximately $2.8 million .
如前所述,“赞歌”与联合打击导弹采购计划的公布,与哥本哈根政府此前关于获取新型远程打击选项的表态完全一致。丹麦首相梅特·弗雷泽里克森此前曾敦促军方全面加快采购步伐,此前丹麦的国防开支多年来相对有限。
As mentioned, the announcement of the Anthem and JSM purchase is fully in line with prior statements from the government in Copenhagen about acquiring new long-range strike options. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen previously urged the military to accelerate procurement across the board after years of comparatively limited defense spending.
2024年3月7日,丹麦首相梅特·弗雷泽里克森在访问位于丹麦日德兰半岛的卡鲁普空军基地时与义务兵见面,该基地是丹麦皇家空军的主要空军基地。(摄影:米克尔·贝格·佩德森 / Ritzau Scanpix / 法新社)/ 丹麦境外使用 米克尔·贝格·佩德森这些远程打击武器的采购也符合北约在波罗的海地区及联盟东北翼加强威慑的更广泛努力。
Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen meets conscripts during a visit to Air Base Karup, the main air base of the Royal Danish Air Force, in Jutland, Denmark on March 7, 2024. (Photo by Mikkel Berg Pedersen / Ritzau Scanpix / AFP) / Denmark OUT MIKKEL BERG PEDERSEN The long-range strike acquisitions also fit into a broader NATO effort to strengthen deterrence across the Baltic region and the alliance’s northeastern flank.

丹麦占据着连接波罗的海与北海的战略要地,其部队也参与北约的地区存在与增援计划。具备打击敌方纵深目标的能力,将为丹麦提供一种新的手段,用以威胁对手的军事基础设施、指挥设施及其他关键目标。
Denmark occupies a strategically important position linking the Baltic Sea to the North Sea, while its forces contribute to NATO’s regional presence and reinforcement plans. The ability to strike targets deep behind enemy lines will provide a new ability for Denmark to threaten an adversary’s military infrastructure, command facilities, and other critical targets.
丹麦并非唯一一个寻求新型远程打击能力的国家。今年9月,拉脱维亚着手采购安杜里尔公司的“梭鱼”系列远程打击导弹,此前该国已订购陆军战术导弹系统(ATACMS)近程弹道导弹。波兰正在扩充自身多层次打击能力,而法国、德国、意大利、波兰、瑞典和英国正在推进“欧洲远程打击方案”(ELSA)倡议,以加快下一代武器的研发和采购。这些努力反映出欧洲更广泛的转变,即恢复纵深打击能力——自冷战结束以来,北约欧洲成员国在这方面的能力相对匮乏。
Denmark is far from alone in pursuing new long-range strike capabilities. In September, Latvia moved to acquire Anduril’s Barracuda family of long-range strike missiles , building on its earlier order for Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) short-range ballistic missiles. Poland is expanding its own layered strike capabilities , while France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom are working on the European Long-Range Strike Approach (ELSA) initiative to accelerate the development and procurement of next-generation weapons. The efforts reflect a wider shift across Europe toward restoring deep-strike capabilities that have been relatively scarce among NATO’s European members since the end of the Cold War.
这一切发生之际,波罗的海国家尤其越来越多地表达担忧,认为俄罗斯可能试图利用北约东北翼的脆弱环节。爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛都曾就俄罗斯军力扩张、侵犯领空、破坏活动及其他潜在挑衅行为带来的风险发出警告。作为回应,北约通过“东部哨兵”行动等倡议加强了其地区态势。
All of this is happening while the Baltic states, in particular, increasingly voice their concerns that Russia could seek to exploit vulnerabilities along NATO’s northeastern flank. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have all warned about the risks posed by Russian force expansion, airspace incursions, sabotage, and other potential provocations. In response, NATO has stepped up its regional posture through initiatives, including Operation Eastern Sentry .

2026年8月26日,丹麦国防部长耶珀·布鲁斯(右)在访问格陵兰努克的天线园区期间与军事人员交谈。照片由Thomas Traasdahl / Ritzau Scanpix / AFP拍摄有关丹麦新远程打击计划的消息已经引发莫斯科的激烈反应。据路透社报道,俄罗斯驻哥本哈根大使馆指责丹麦寻求与俄罗斯对抗,并警告将带来“不可避免的灾难性后果”。
Danish Defense Minister Jeppe Bruus (right) speaks with military personnel during a visit to the Antenna Park in Nuuk, Greenland, on August 26, 2026. Photo by Thomas Traasdahl / Ritzau Scanpix / AFP The news about Denmark’s new long-range strike plans has already drawn a heated reaction from Moscow. Russia’s embassy in Copenhagen accused Denmark of pursuing confrontation with Russia and warned of “inevitable disastrous consequences,” Reuters reported .
关于计划采购“安塞姆”和JSM的许多细节仍有待了解。然而,昨天的宣布明确表明,哥本哈根打算让其武装部队具备更实质性的能力,以威胁远距离目标,这也反映出欧洲其他地区仍在增长的趋势。
Many details about the planned Anthem and JSM acquisitions still remain to be learned. However, the announcement yesterday is a clear signal of Copenhagen’s intention to give its armed forces a more substantial ability to threaten targets at distance, and reflects still-growing trends elsewhere in Europe.