随着反复袭击，俄罗斯已将基辅推上战争前线玛丽娜·阿斯莫洛娃 2026年10月23日 俄罗斯对乌克兰首都的袭击力度越来越大、频率越来越高，使2026年成为这场漫长战争中基辅最血腥的一年之一。德国之声采访了现场人士，了解他们的生活状况。
With repeat attacks, Russia has put Kyiv on war's front line Maryna Asmolova October 23, 2026 Russia's attacks on the Ukrainian capital are hitting harder and more frequently, making 2026 one of the long war's bloodiest years for Kyiv. DW asked people on the ground what life is like.
俄罗斯袭击已将乌克兰首都变成前线城市 几个月前，与乌克兰其他前线地区的情况相比，基辅的生活相对平静。如今，随着俄罗斯扩大对首都的袭击，基辅越来越成为一座前线城市。
Russian attacks have turn Ukraine's capital into a front-line city Until a few months ago, life was relatively peaceful in Kyiv when compared with the situation near the war's front lines elsewhere in Ukraine Now, as Russia expands its attacks on the capital, Kyiv has increasingly become a front-line city.
基辅400万居民的避难所远远不足，地铁站充当临时宿舍。每晚大约10点，人们开始用床垫和小帐篷搭建睡眠区域。孩子们依偎着成年人；宠物向主人寻求安慰，或在陌生人之间、冰冷的墙壁间找个位置。
With too few shelters for the 4 million residents of Kyiv subway stations double as makeshift dormitories. Starting at about 10 every night, people create sleeping areas with mattresses and small tents. Children snuggle up to adults; pets seek comfort from their owners or find a spot among strangers between the cold walls.
“我们还活着，”哈莉娜对德国之声说，她紧紧抱着5岁的儿子罗曼。“我们又一次幸运了。”大多数晚上——即使没有拉响防空警报——她都会带男孩去最近的地铁站。她的公寓位于卢基亚尼夫卡区，在过去四年零八个月的战争中，该区一直是俄罗斯系统性打击的目标。
"We're alive," Halyna told DW, holding her 5-year-old son, Roman, close. "We've been lucky once again." Most evenings — even when no air-raid siren has sounded — she takes the boy to the nearest subway station. Her apartment is located in the Lukyanivka district, which Russia has systematically targeted over the war's four years and eight months.
夜晚，人们在首都地铁系统的床垫上躺卧 “这些病态的怪物不在乎杀死谁” 9月，14岁的丹尼尔·乌曼斯基在房间里做作业时，一架俄罗斯无人机袭击了佩切斯克中央区的一栋公寓楼。一名名叫弗拉德的邻居在袭击发生时正和女儿在走廊里。“那天我们晚了——这救了我们的命，”弗拉德说。“丹尼尔的死是一场悲剧。”他补充道：“这些病态的怪物不在乎杀死谁。”人们在那栋受损的公寓楼前种上鲜花，以纪念丹尼尔。
People lie on mattresses in the capital's subway system during the night 'These sick monsters don't care who they kill' In September, 14-year-old Daniel Umanskyj was doing homework in his room when a Russian drone struck the apartment building in the central district of Pechersk. A neighbor named Vlad happened to be in the hallway with his daughter at the time of the strike. "We were late that day — and this saved our lives," Vlad said. "Daniel's death is a tragedy." He added: "These sick monsters don't care who they kill." Flowers have been planted in front of the damaged apartment building in memory of Daniel.
俄罗斯也以儿童聚集场所为目标。10月初，一架无人机袭击了基辅西南部的一栋校舍。幸运的是，当时学生和教师已在防空洞内。
Russia also targets places where children gather. In early October, a drone struck a school building in southwestern Kyiv. Fortunately, pupils and teachers were already in shelters at the time.
“我们一直在进行全员线下教学，因为我们有一个可容纳500多名学生的大型防空洞，”该校校长瓦伦蒂娜·乔尔纳对德国之声表示。她说，由于防空洞空间足以容纳所有人，一年级至九年级的学生都能上学。
"We've been teaching all the pupils in person because we have a large shelter that can accommodate more than 500 students," Valentyna Chorna, the school's principal, told DW. As there is enough space in the shelter for everyone, students in the first through ninth grades are able to go to school, she said.
14岁的丹尼尔在基辅住宅楼遭袭时丧生 家中、学校到处皆险境 能否上课不仅取决于家长和学校管理层的决定，还取决于是否有防空洞以及防空警报持续多久。如果清晨孩子还在家时响起警报，他们那天可能就无法去上学。
14-year-old Daniel was killed when an attack hit his building in Kyiv Danger at home, at school — everywhere Whether classes take place depends not only on the decision of the parents and the school administration: It also depends on whether shelters are available and how long the air-raid siren continues to sound. If an alarm sounds in the morning while children are still at home, they may not be able to go to school that day.
“这对家长来说是巨大的负担，”德国之声基辅分社一位同事说，她的女儿正在上学。“你得去上班——孩子却独自留在家里。”“甚至连去学校的路上都很危险，因为防空警报随时可能拉响，”她说。女儿就读的学校离安东诺夫飞机制造厂不远。“一天她发短信给我：‘你无法想象那巨大的爆炸声！’”她说。“我不知道是击落了什么，还是哪里遭到了袭击。”她补充道：“这种事真的会吓坏孩子。”而待在家里也有其自身的风险。
"This is an enormous burden for parents," said a colleague from the DW bureau in Kyiv, whose daughter attends school. "You have to go to work — and the child stays home alone." "Even the walk to school is dangerous because an air-raid alarm can go off at any time," she said. Her daughter attends a school not far from the Antonov aircraft factory. "One day she texted me: ‘You can't imagine what a huge explosion that was!'" she said. "I don't know if something was shot down or if there was a strike somewhere." She added: "Things like that really scare children." And staying home brings its own risks.
9月，一架俄罗斯无人机袭击了她们所在的楼房。公寓本身未受损，那天早上女儿在学校，但这再次提醒人们，生存在多大程度上已成了运气问题。她说，防空警报一响，没人知道谁能幸免。
In September, a Russian drone struck their building. The apartment itself wasn't damaged, and her daughter was at school that morning, but it was another reminder of just how much survival has become a matter of luck. When an air-raid siren sounds, no one knows who will be spared, she said.
针对基辅的袭击瞄准民用基础设施、学校及儿童活动场所 基辅民众坚持抵抗2026年俄罗斯的袭击变得更加致命。据基辅军政管理局称，今年前八个月基辅有140人丧生，而2025年全年为172人。若这一趋势持续，2026年可能成为自2022年俄罗斯入侵开始以来基辅伤亡最惨重的一年。
Attacks on Kyiv target civilian infrastructure, schools and places where children spend free time Kyiv's population persists Russia's attacks have become deadlier in 2026. According to the military administration in Kyiv, 140 people were killed in the capital during the first eight months of the year, compared with 172 for all of 2025. If this trend continues, 2026 could become Kyiv's deadliest year since the start of the Russian invasion in 2022.
针对仓库的袭击导致超市出现短缺，规模之大自战争初期以来未见。9月底，基辅恢复紧急停电。地铁因俄军袭击瘫痪。鉴于能源基础设施遭打击，即将到来的冬季基辅能否可靠地向居民供应暖气、电力和水尚不清楚。
Attacks on warehouses have led to shortages in supermarkets on a scale not seen since the early months of the war. At the end of September, emergency power outages resumed in Kyiv. The subway was paralyzed by a Russian attack. Given the strikes on the energy infrastructure, it is unclear how the capital can reliably supply residents with heat, electricity and water during the upcoming winter.
尽管俄罗斯试图使基辅不适宜居住，基辅国际社会学研究所10月初报告称，9月有72%的城市居民表示准备忍受战争，无论需要多久。当局正努力维持城市正常生活，宵禁已缩短，现为凌晨1时至5时。
Despite Russia's attempts to render Kyiv uninhabitable, 72% of the city's residents said in September that they are prepared to endure the war for as long as necessary, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology reported in early October. The authorities are striving to maintain normal life in the city, where the curfew has been shortened and now runs from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m.
部分设施甚至获准在“黄色”警报期间继续运营。但在“红色”警报期间，民众必须立即寻找掩体：这可能意味着弹道导弹、巡航导弹或大规模混合袭击。俄罗斯对乌克兰发动大规模空袭
Some facilities have even been allowed to continue operating during "yellow" alerts. During "red" alerts, however, people must immediately seek shelter: This could mean ballistic missiles, cruise missiles or massive combined attacks. Russia strikes Ukraine with massive aerial attack