KATHERINE ORTIZ/CalMatters 尽管加州立法者最近通过了一套旨在让新建数据中心开发过程更透明的法律，但全州各地的社区发出的信号是：仅靠披露还不够。
KATHERINE ORTIZ/CalMatters Although California lawmakers recently passed a suite of laws intended to bring transparency to the development of new data centers , local communities across the state are signaling that disclosure isn’t enough.
根据美国数据中心地图等独立追踪机构的数据，加州目前在美国各州的数据中心整体密度中排名第三，全州拥有366座此类设施，它们要么已全面投入运营，要么正在建设中，要么正处于规划过程中。地方民选官员正提议实施数据中心暂停令，以减缓这一势头——甚至彻底叫停。
California currently ranks third among U.S. states in overall data center density, according to independent trackers like the US Data Center Map , with the state home to 366 of such facilities that are either fully operational, under construction, or moving through the planning process. Local elected officials are proposing data center moratoriums to slow that momentum — if not stop it in its tracks.
仅10月上半月，奥克兰市议会就一致通过了一项为期45天的暂停令，暂停新项目审批，这使其成为阿拉米达县首个、旧金山湾区第四个采取此类措施的城市。旧金山本月也通过了类似的暂停令，而洛杉矶县监事会在收到大量公众反馈后，推迟了对永久禁止在非建制土地上建设大规模数据中心（通常称为超大规模设施）的投票。
In the first half of October alone, Oakland’s city council unanimously approved a 45-day moratorium on new approvals, making it the first city in Alameda County and the fourth in the Bay Area to adopt such a measure. San Francisco approved a similar moratorium this month, while the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors postponed a vote to permanently ban large-scale data centers, often called hyperscale facilities, on unincorporated land after receiving an overwhelming volume of public feedback.
圣克拉拉市官员曾考虑进行暂停令表决，并正在推进管理数据中心开发的新规则，包括更严格的水和空气污染法规。阿罕布拉居民将在11月大选中就一项暂停令措施进行投票。
In Santa Clara, city officials considered a moratorium vote, and are moving forward with new rules to govern data center development, including more stringent water and air pollution regulations. Alhambra residents will vote on a moratorium measure in the November election.
总部位于华盛顿特区的非政府组织“食品与水源观察”追踪全美类似提案，该组织称，自6月以来，加州全州至少已通过或提出了26项关于数据中心开发的决议、暂停令或禁令。
Across California, at least 26 resolutions, moratoriums, or bans on data center development have been passed or proposed since June, according to the D.C.-based non-governmental organization Food & Water Watch, which tracks similar proposals nationwide.
日益激烈的抵制凸显了州级监管与市政行动之间日益扩大的鸿沟。加州州长加文·纽森上个月签署了七项新法案，主要聚焦于信息披露要求、环境影响研究和电网保护，而基层团体和市议会正迅速采取行动，全面叫停数据中心建设。
The escalating pushback underscores a widening gap between state-level regulation and municipal action. While Gov. Gavin Newsom last month signed into law seven new measures that focus primarily on disclosure requirements, environmental impact studies, and grid protection, grassroots groups and city councils are moving fast to halt construction entirely.
“我很难想起有什么事情能像对数据中心的反对那样迅速引燃火势，”食品与水源监察组织加州主任妮可·吉奥说。“地方政府能够更快地回应基层反对浪潮，民众在说：‘等等，让我们按下暂停键。在我们承诺这一巨大变革之前，让我们先弄清楚到底在做什么。’” 反对者称，这些耗能大户给电网带来压力，可能耗尽水资源并污染空气，还加剧了人们对 AI 驱动的岗位消失所引发的更广泛经济焦虑。
“I have a hard time remembering something that caught fire the way the opposition to data centers has,” said Nicole Ghio, California Director at Food & Water Watch. “Local municipalities have been able to respond quicker to the grassroots wave of opposition of people saying, ‘Hold on, let’s press pause. Let’s actually figure out what we’re doing before we commit to this huge change.’”Opponents say these energy-hungry facilities strain power grids, potentially deplete water supplies and pollute the air, and contribute to broader economic anxieties around AI-driven job elimination.
反数据中心运动跨越党派界限；例如，保守派组织“以人为本”本月结束了其全美“数据中心反叛之旅”，在加州设了三站，与呼吁地方控制权以及加强环境和消费者保护的左翼人士形成了共鸣。
The anti-data-center movement cuts across party lines; conservative group Humans First, for example, finished its nationwide Data Center Revolt tour this month with three stops in California, joining a chorus of figures on the left who call for local control as well as additional environmental and consumer protections.
“这是一个非常具有凝聚力的议题，”吉奥指出，并补充说居民对潜在的费率上涨和环境恶化感到震惊。“这不是我认为大多数人想要的未来。我是说，如果你是科技亿万富翁，这是个美好的未来。但如果你是普通美国人，这可不是个美好的未来。” 然而，业界支持者认为，叫停基础设施建设可能会削弱关键国家利益。政策倡导联盟“美国边缘项目”首席执行官道格·凯利将当前的建设热潮定义为一场关乎必需的基础设施竞赛。
“This is very much a unifying issue,” Ghio noted, adding that residents are alarmed by potential rate hikes and environmental degradation. “This is not a future that I think a lot of people want. I mean, it’s a great future if you’re a tech billionaire. It’s not a great future if you’re a regular American.”Industry proponents, however, argue that halting infrastructure development risks eroding critical national interests. Doug Kelly, CEO of the policy advocacy coalition American Edge Project, framed the current buildout as an essential infrastructure race.
“为人工智能提供动力的数据中心，是美国正在建设的下一个基础设施基石，”凯利说，并将其比作历史上对铁路和公路的投资。
“Artificial intelligence and the data centers that power it, this is the next foundational block of infrastructure that America is building out,” Kelly said, comparing it to historical investments in railroads and highways.
凯利承认，过去的开发缺乏足够的社区参与，导致了地方摩擦。为在不停止建设的情况下消除这些担忧，他的组织推行“AI社区契约”——一项提供地方担保的协议，旨在保护用费者免受费用飙升之苦、保障资源安全，并承诺尽早公开信息。
Kelly acknowledged that past developments lacked sufficient community input, leading to local friction. To address these fears without stopping construction, his organization promotes an “AI Community Compact” — an agreement offering local guarantees to protect ratepayers from cost spikes, safeguard resources, and promise early transparency.
“因此，社区可以决定是否想要数据中心，但不应直接全面禁止，因为那样会失去所有谈判筹码，”凯利说。“你实际上是在说‘我们希望这笔数十亿美元的投资去别的地方，只要不是这里’。”然而，对地方倡导者而言，零星的担保和披露法远不足以解决根本风险。倡导者指出，纽约州州长7月下令暂停大规模数据中心建设一年，这提供了一条路线图，他们希望州议员最终能追随地方领袖的脚步。
“So, communities can decide whether they want data centers there or not, but they shouldn’t just blanket ban them because then you lose all your negotiating power,” Kelly said. “You’re literally saying ‘we want this billion dollar investment to go somewhere else, anywhere but here.’”Yet for local advocates, piecemeal guarantees and disclosure laws fall short of addressing the underlying risk. Advocates point to a one-year pause on hyperscale data centers that New York’s governor ordered in July as a roadmap, hoping state legislators will eventually follow local leaders’ lead.
随着城市继续起草临时冻结令和全面禁令，地方社区控制权与全球技术主导地位之间的张力依然未解。州透明化法或许已让数据中心的扩张计划公之于众，但地方反对者明确表示，看清规划并不等于批准规划。
As cities continue to draft temporary freezes and outright bans, the tension between local community control and global technological dominance remains unresolved. State transparency laws may have opened the books on data center growth, but local opponents are making it clear that seeing the plans isn’t the same as approving them.