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美联航CEO想要征收财富税,但美国人理应保住自己的遗产United Airlines CEO wants a wealth tax, but Americans deserve to keep their legacy

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联合航空首席执行官斯科特·柯比既想要财富税,也想要接近100%的遗产税。(联合航空)United CEO Scott Kirby wants both a wealth tax and a near-100% estate tax. (United Airlines)

美联航首席执行官斯科特·柯比主张征收国家财富税,并对超过门槛的遗产征收接近100%的遗产税。我的回应很简单:华盛顿不应成为“美国梦”的主要受益人。

United Airlines CEO Scott Kirby advocates for a national wealth tax and an inheritance tax approaching 100% on amounts exceeding a threshold. My response is simple: Washington should not become the principal beneficiary of the American Dream.

据福克斯商业频道(Fox Business)援引的报道,柯比认为贫富不平等需要国家层面的回应。他有权提出这一论点。但一项旨在没收政府设定门槛以上几乎所有财富的提议,理应遭到强有力的挑战。

According to reporting highlighted by Fox Business, Kirby believes wealth inequality requires a national response. He has every right to make that argument. But a proposal to confiscate nearly everything above a government-determined threshold deserves a forceful challenge.

创造事业并将其传给家人,是我们经济中最强大的激励机制之一。将这种愿望视为社会问题,将把美国引向完全错误的方向。

The ability to build something and leave it to your family is one of the most powerful incentives in our economy. Treating that aspiration as a social problem would send America in precisely the wrong direction.

作为Engineered Tax Services的创始人,我职业生涯一直与建立企业、投资社区、创造就业的人打交道。他们的财富往往以经营性公司、建筑、设备和所有权利益的形式存在。这些资产具有生产性——且通常流动性较差。

As the founder of Engineered Tax Services, I have spent my career working with people who build businesses, invest in communities and create jobs. Their wealth often exists in operating companies, buildings, equipment and ownership interests. Those assets are productive — and frequently illiquid.

企业估值并不意味着企业主账面上就躺着那么多现金。然而,年度财富税可能会根据估算的资产价值要求缴纳现金,即使所有者并未获得相应的收入。钱从哪来?

A business valuation does not mean a business owner has that amount sitting in a checking account. Yet an annual wealth tax could demand cash based on an estimated asset value, even when the owner has received no corresponding income. Where does the money come from?

视规则而定,所有者可能不得不借贷、出售资产或从企业抽离资本。本可用于设备、扩张或招聘的资金,反而可能用于支付持续持有资产的税款。支持者必须解释,这种权衡为何有利于那些机会取决于这些投资的工人。

Depending on the rules, owners could have to borrow, sell assets or withdraw capital from their businesses. Money that might have funded equipment, expansion or hiring could instead go toward paying a tax on continued ownership. Supporters must explain why that tradeoff would serve the workers whose opportunities depend on those investments.

遗产税提案引发了一个更根本的问题:谁应该决定一生的心血如何处置?父母往往做出牺牲,是因为希望子女拥有更大的保障和机会。企业家敢于冒险,是因为知道成功能让他们的家庭在自己离世后长久受益。这种动力值得尊重——也推动了真实的经济增长。

The inheritance proposal raises an even more fundamental question: Who should decide what happens to a lifetime of work? Parents often sacrifice because they want their children to have greater security and opportunity. Entrepreneurs take risks knowing that success could benefit their families long after they are gone. That motivation deserves respect — and drives real economic growth.

据报道,柯比并未明确遗产税应在何种门槛上逼近100%。这一缺失至关重要。没人应假装他的言论构成了一个影响每个家族企业的详细提案。

Kirby reportedly has not specified the threshold at which inheritance taxes should approach 100%. That omission matters. Nobody should pretend his remarks establish a detailed proposal affecting every family business.

但即便设定极高的门槛,其原则依然令人担忧。近乎全额的边际税率将赋予政府对遗产中超出其设定限额部分的压倒性索取权。为什么华盛顿对这笔财产的索取权,要强于财产所有者所选择资助的人?为什么政府设定的一个任意数字,要决定一个人的财产权相对于另一个人的界限?

But even at an extremely high threshold, the principle remains troubling. A near-total marginal tax would give government an overwhelming claim on the portion of an estate above its chosen limit. Why should Washington have a stronger claim to that property than the people its owner chooses to support? Why should an arbitrary number set by the government determine the extent of one person’s property rights relative to another’s?

支持者会辩称,继承财富可能固化特权。这种担忧值得严肃回应。出身不应决定一个人的机会上限。但政府也不应决定。

Advocates will argue that inherited wealth can entrench privilege. That concern deserves a serious response. Birth should never determine the limits of a person's opportunity. But neither should the government.

没收一个成功家族的遗产,本身并不能让另一个家族建立起自己的遗产。而民选官员在管理预算和项目方面,并没有什么光辉战绩。

Confiscating a successful family's legacy does not, by itself, equip another family to build one. And elected officials don’t have a great track record when it comes to managing budgets and programs.

我们应当以政策是否帮助更多美国人成为“拥有者”来评判:创办公司、购置房产、掌握实用技能、获得融资和积累储蓄。

We should judge policy by whether it helps more Americans become owners: start a company, purchase property, acquire useful skills, secure financing and accumulate savings.

这正是我致力于税收平等的初衷。太多小企业缺乏获取专业知识、激励措施和机会的渠道,而成熟组织懂得如何利用这些资源。扩大这种获取渠道,提供了一条通往更广泛繁荣的切实路径。

That is where my commitment to tax equality comes from. Too many small businesses lack access to the expertise, incentives and opportunities that sophisticated organizations know how to use. Expanding that access offers a practical path toward broader prosperity.

此外,要在税收问题上诚实面对:部分积累的财富反映了已缴税的收入;部分则反映了尚未纳税的增值。反对掠夺性税收的合理理由,并不需要假装每一美元都有相同的来历。它要求认识到税收会改变激励机制——并且即使所有者变得极其成功,财产权依然应当具有实质意义。

Also, be honest about taxation: Some accumulated wealth reflects income already taxed; some reflects appreciation that has not yet been taxed. Sound reasoning against confiscatory taxation does not require pretending every dollar has the same history. It requires recognizing that taxes change incentives — and that property rights should remain meaningful even when an owner becomes extraordinarily successful.

柯比据称愿意自行缴纳这些税款,并不能解决问题。公共政策必须考虑到拥有不同资产、义务和处境的人群。一位高管的个人意愿,无法替代一项切实可行的国家政策。

Kirby's reported willingness to pay these taxes himself does not settle the issue. Public policy must account for people with different assets, obligations and circumstances. One executive's willingness cannot substitute for a workable national policy.

美国需要充满活力的竞争、更低的创业门槛,以及更多通往财务独立的路径。我们应当挑战那些保护既得利益者、让新进入者更难竞争的特殊优待。

America needs vigorous competition, fewer barriers to business formation and more pathways to financial independence. We should challenge special favors that protect incumbents and make it harder for newcomers to compete.

在授予政府对私人财富广泛的新索取权之前,我们应当要求政府证明其对已获资源的使用具有纪律性。美国的承诺在于:努力、冒险和坚持能够创造持久的成果。我们应当为仍在奋斗向上家庭强化这一承诺。培育更多所有者。打开更多大门。让美国人能够留下传承。

And we should demand that government demonstrate discipline with the resources it already receives before granting it sweeping new claims on private wealth. The American promise is that effort, risk and perseverance can create something lasting. We should strengthen that promise for families still trying to get ahead. Build more owners. Open more doors. Let Americans leave a legacy.

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