OpenAI宣布，其人工智能模型在数学、计算机科学和物理学领域取得了多项科学发现。
OpenAI has announced that its AI models have made several scientific discoveries in mathematics, computer science and physics.
这家人工智能巨头周一表示，这三项新发现涉及调和分析、复杂性理论和量子场理论领域。
The AI giant said on Monday that the three new discoveries concerned the fields of harmonic analysis, complexity theory and quantum field theory.
OpenAI表示，在这些发现中，人工智能模型首次在所有空间维度上证明了局部平滑猜想，这是调和分析的核心命题之一。
Among the discoveries, AI models proved the local smoothing conjecture, one of the central propositions of harmonic analysis, in every spatial dimension for the first time, according to OpenAI.
调和分析是数学的一个分支，研究复杂信号和函数如何分解为基本波形。此前，该领域的研究人员仅在三维空间中证明了该理论。“历史性进展”罗切斯特大学数学教授、调和分析专家亚历克斯·约西维奇表示，OpenAI似乎“攻克”了该猜想，这是一项“历史性进展”。
Researchers in harmonic analysis, a branch of mathematics that studies how complex signals and functions can be broken down into elementary waves, had previously only proved the theory in three dimensions. ‘Historic development’Alex Iosevich, a professor of mathematics at the University of Rochester who specialises in harmonic analysis, said OpenAI appeared to have “cracked” the conjecture in a “historic development”.
“该猜想是由我的博士导师克里斯·索格提出的，因此它与我关系密切，消息传来时我最初感到震惊，”约西维奇告诉半岛电视台。
“The conjecture was formulated by my PhD adviser, Chris Sogge, so it is near and dear to my heart, and the news was a shock at first,” Iosevich told Al Jazeera.
“现在我充满喜悦和乐观，因为整个科学事业将因人工智能革命而取得巨大飞跃，我们有机会参与这项历史性进展。”约西维奇表示，他预计理论数学领域将因人工智能而“发生剧变”。“因此，我感到一丝悲伤，”约西维奇说。
“Now I am filled with joy and optimism, because the scientific enterprise as a whole is going to make giant leaps as a result of the AI revolution, and we have the chance to be a part of this historic development.”Iosevich said he expected the field of theoretical mathematics to “change drastically” due to AI. “I feel a twinge of sadness as a result,” Iosevich said.
“我认识的许多理论数学家有同样的感受，但我坚信，这些感受很快就会让位于这样的认识：我们现在能完成的事情非常多。”
“Many theoretical mathematicians I know feel the same way, but I firmly believe that these feelings will soon give way to the realisation that there is so much we can now accomplish.”
“纯数学中的问题并非凭空产生，”他补充道。“许多问题源于具体的物理考量，而这些联系现在可以快速而果断地探索。”据OpenAI的公告称，其模型还推翻了指数时间假说，该假说与解决复杂计算问题所需的时间有关，并提供了量子色动力学存在的“数学上严谨的证明”，量子色动力学研究夸克和胶子之间的相互作用。
“Problems in pure mathematics did not arise in a vacuum,” he added. “Many of them came out of concrete physical considerations, and these connections can now be explored rapidly and decisively.”According to OpenAI’s announcement, its models also disproved the Exponential Time Hypothesis, which relates to the time it takes to solve complex computational problems, and provided “mathematically rigorous [proof of the] existence” of quantum chromodynamics, which studies the interaction of quarks and gluons.
这家ChatGPT的开发公司表示，已联系公司外部的科学家，将其“原始研究数据转化为科学理解”。
The ChatGPT creator said it had reached out to scientists outside the company to turn its “raw research data into scientific understanding”.
这家总部位于旧金山的公司表示，在与三个被选为“牧羊人”的专家组进行磋商后，决定采用几种不同的方法发布研究结果。
The San Francisco-based company said it decided on several different methods for releasing the findings based on consultations with three expert groups chosen to act as “shepherds”.
OpenAI表示，在数学和计算机科学问题上合作的各组选择立即公开AI生成的数据，而物理组则决定推迟发布，以便撰写他们对研究结果的自身解读。“所有这些方法都涉及权衡，”OpenAI表示。
While the groups collaborating on the mathematics and computer science problems opted to make the AI-produced data public immediately, the physics group decided to defer the release in order to write up their own interpretation of the findings, OpenAI said. “All of these approaches involve tradeoffs,” OpenAI said.
“一方面，这些合作使专家能够促进对结果的拆解，并将其置于更广泛的学术社区中进行语境化，”这家估值8520亿美元的初创公司表示。
“On the one hand, the collaborations empower experts to foster unpacking the results and contextualizing them in the broader academic community,” the $852bn start-up said.
“另一方面，选择最初的牧羊人必然会影响谁首先参与，并造成信息不对称。我们欢迎关于如何扩大参与并使这一过程更有用的反馈。”OpenAI的公告是一系列被归功于AI的所谓科学突破中的最新一项。
“On the other hand, choosing initial shepherds necessarily shapes who gets involved first and creates asymmetry of information. We welcome feedback on how to broaden participation and make this process more useful.”OpenAI’s announcement is the latest in a series of claimed scientific breakthroughs credited to AI.
上个月，Claude 的创造者 Anthropic 宣布发现了一种新酶，据称这种酶类似于 CRISPR——这种开创性的基因编辑机制被用于治疗癌症和镰状细胞病等疾病。
Last month, Claude creator Anthropic announced the discovery of a new enzyme said to resemble CRISPR the groundbreaking gene editing mechanism used in treating conditions such as cancer and sickle cell disease.
Anthropic 的这一宣布在科学家中引发了褒贬不一的反应。
Anthropic’s announcement drew mixed reactions among scientists.
虽然一些研究人员称赞这一发现是一项令人振奋的进展，但也有人认为这家 AI 公司夸大了其意义。
While some researchers hailed the finding as an exciting development, others suggested that the AI company had exaggerated its significance.