迪恩-安·德宾 美国联邦贸易委员会周三表示，已下令达美航空、沃尔玛等公司提供详细信息，说明它们在定价时如何使用消费者数据。
DEE-ANN DURBIN The U.S. Federal Trade Commission said Wednesday it is ordering Delta Air Lines, Walmart and other companies to provide detailed information on how they use consumers’ data when they’re setting prices.
该委员会表示，还在研究优步等网约车和配送公司在设定报酬时如何使用独立司机的个人数据。
The commission said it is also studying how ride-sharing and delivery companies like Uber use their independent drivers’ personal data when setting compensation rates.
联邦贸易委员会主席安德鲁·弗格森在一份声明中说：“我们打算仔细审查这些行业的一些公司可能正在使用的、不透明的方法，以确定消费者为同样的产品或服务支付多少费用，或者零工劳动者获得多少报酬。”
“We intend to scrutinize the opaque methodology that some companies in these industries may be using to determine how much consumers pay or how much gig workers are paid for the same product or service,” FTC Chairman Andrew Ferguson said in a statement.
联邦贸易委员会表示，还向联合航空、捷蓝航空、来福车、DoorDash、Instacart和塔吉特发出了命令。
Orders were also issued to United, JetBlue, Lyft, DoorDash, Instacart and Target, the FTC said.
该机构表示，每家公司都必须提供信息，使委员会能够评估机票、网约车、食品配送或其他产品和服务的定价是否会因是否参加忠诚度计划或对个人数据的分析等因素而因人而异。
Each company must share information that will allow the commission to assess whether pricing for tickets, rides, food delivery or other products and services varies from one person to the next based on factors such as participation in loyalty programs or analysis of personal data, the agency said.
联邦贸易委员会表示，还在审查公司是否会根据个人数据（如手机使用情况或接受网约车或配送订单的历史记录）来支付劳动者报酬。联邦贸易委员会表示，如果这些公司不提交数据，它可以在联邦法院强制其遵守。
The FTC said it is also examining whether companies compensate workers based on personal data like their phone usage or their history of accepting rides or deliveries. If the companies fail to turn over data, the FTC said it could compel compliance in federal court.
达美航空回应称，该公司“对歧视性或掠夺性定价零容忍”，并完全遵守定价和广告相关法律。
Delta said in response that it has “zero tolerance for discriminatory or predatory pricing” and fully complies with pricing and advertising laws.
该公司在一份声明中说：“达美航空从未使用过、目前没有测试、也不计划使用任何基于个人数据向客户提供个性化报价的票价产品。”
“There is no fare product Delta has ever used, is testing or plans to use that targets customers with individualized offers based on personal data,” the company said in a statement.
捷蓝航空表示，该公司不使用个人信息或网页浏览历史来设定个人价格。
JetBlue said it doesn’t use personal information or web-browsing history to set individual prices.
该公司表示：“票价由需求和座位可用情况决定，所有客户都可以获得相同的票价。”
“Fares are determined by demand and seat availability, and all customers have access to the same fares,” the company said.
美联社联系了沃尔玛、塔吉特、DoorDash等公司请其置评。沃尔玛首席执行官在上个月的一份声明中表示，该零售商不会利用收入、购物历史或顾客支付意愿等个人信息来定价，未来也不会这样做。
The Associated Press reached out to Walmart, Target, DoorDash and others for comment. Walmart’s CEO said in a statement last month that the retailer doesn’t use personal information like income, shopping history or a customer’s willingness to pay to set prices, and it won’t be doing so in the future either.
美国联邦贸易委员会的行动反映出消费者对定价技术以及利用人工智能收集大量数据的担忧日益加剧。据美国全国州议会会议统计，今年至少有30个州的议员审议了与定价相关的法案，其中包括针对算法定价和个性化定价的措施。
The FTC’s actions reflect customers’ increasing concerns about pricing technology and the use of artificial intelligence to collect vast amounts of data. Legislators in at least 30 states have considered pricing-related bills this year, including measures addressing algorithmic and personalized pricing, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
今年8月，美国联邦贸易委员会宣布了一项拟议政策，要求企业在实施个性化定价时“清晰且显著地披露”，并说明其用于设定这些价格的数据类型。该机构已将该政策的意见征询期延长至11月21日。
In August, the FTC announced a proposed policy that would require businesses to “clearly and conspicuously disclose” if they are engaging in personalized pricing and share the types of data they’re using to set those prices. The agency has extended the comment period on that policy until Nov. 21.
在2025年1月提交的一份初步报告中，美国联邦贸易委员会发现，杂货商、服装公司等企业正在利用第三方公司，根据购物者的位置、浏览历史等因素——包括商品在虚拟购物车中停留的时间——帮助他们实现线上价格的个性化。
In a preliminary report filed in January 2025, the FTC found that grocers, clothing companies and others were using third-party companies to help them individualize online prices based on shoppers’ locations, browsing histories and other factors, including how long they left items in their virtual shopping carts.
但弗格森表示，那份报告仓促完成，本应直接向企业索取数据，而不是把重点放在第三方中介机构上。弗格森在唐纳德·特朗普总统就职时出任美国联邦贸易委员会主席。
But Ferguson, who assumed the chairmanship of the FTC when President Donald Trump took office, has said that report was rushed and should have asked the companies directly for data instead of focusing on third-party intermediaries.
德宾从底特律报道。美联社商业记者里奥·亚马特从拉斯维加斯供稿。
Durbin reported from Detroit. AP Business Writer Rio Yamat contributed from Las Vegas.