伊斯坦布尔——土耳其正在加快铁路项目建设，目标是在2031年前打造一条贯穿其领土、连接中国与欧洲的无缝货运走廊，投资约100亿美元，以消除中间走廊沿线的关键瓶颈，同时推进建设通往中东的额外南部连接项目。
ISTANBUL -- Turkey is accelerating rail projects aimed at creating a seamless freight corridor linking China and Europe through its territory by 2031, investing about $10 billion to remove key bottlenecks along the Middle Corridor while pursuing projects to build additional southern connections to the Middle East.
此举正值地缘政治紧张局势扰乱传统贸易路线之际。俄罗斯入侵乌克兰已切断北部铁路连接，而霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡周边的不稳定局势则暴露了海运的脆弱性。随着各国寻求替代方案，土耳其正在吸引投资以扩大基础设施，力求成为连接东西方的物流枢纽。
The push comes as geopolitical tensions disrupt traditional trade routes. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has closed off northern rail links, while instability around the Hormuz and Bab el-Mandab straits has exposed vulnerabilities in maritime shipping. As countries seek alternatives, Turkey is attracting investment to expand infrastructure as it aims to become a logistics hub connecting East and West.
土耳其本月早些时候开通了一条连接与保加利亚接壤的卡皮库勒与伊斯坦布尔附近的切尔克佐伊之间的153公里铁路，这是一项耗资12亿欧元（约合13亿美元）的项目的一部分，部分得到欧盟支持。
Turkey earlier this month opened a 153-kilometer railway between Kapikule on its border with Bulgaria and Cerkezkoy near Istanbul as part of a 1.2 billion-euro ($1.3 billion) project with some backing from the European Union.
当全长229公里的线路于2028年延伸至伊斯坦布尔的哈勒卡利区时，前往保加利亚边境的旅行时间将从四小时缩短至90分钟，年货运能力将从150万吨增至950万吨。
When the full 229-km route has been extended to Istanbul's Halkali district in 2028, travel time to the Bulgarian border will fall to 90 minutes from four hours while annual freight capacity will rise to 9.5 million metric tons from 1.5 million.
土耳其还将于11月11日公布一条连接伊斯坦布尔两个机场以及博斯普鲁斯海峡两岸工业区的127公里铁路的技术投标，该线路将连接亚洲与欧洲。
Turkey will also announce technical bids on Nov. 11 for a 127-km railway linking Istanbul's two airports and industrial zones on both sides of the Bosporus, connecting Asia and Europe.
该项目被称为伊斯坦布尔北部铁路穿越项目，即INRAIL，线路将穿越由韩国承包商设计和建造、可容纳铁路交通的亚武兹苏尔坦塞利姆桥。该项目预计耗资约80亿美元，由包括世界银行、亚洲开发银行和亚洲基础设施投资银行在内的机构提供融资。
Known as the Istanbul North Rail Crossing Project, or INRAIL, the route will cross the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, which was designed and built by South Korean contractors to accommodate rail traffic. The project is expected to cost about $8 billion and be financed by institutions including the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
“我们预计将在四到五年内完工，一旦建成，亚欧之间的瓶颈将被消除，”交通与基础设施部长阿卜杜勒卡迪尔·乌拉奥卢对《日经亚洲》表示，这将使年运力从目前的300万吨提升至5000万吨。
"We expect it to be completed in four to five years, and once it is done, the bottleneck between Asia and Europe will be eliminated," boosting its annual capacity to 50 million tons from three now, Transport and Infrastructure Minister Abdulkadir Uraloglu told Nikkei Asia.
目前，列车仅能通过马尔马雷海底隧道穿越博斯普鲁斯海峡，该隧道主要服务于客运，每天仅能容纳四趟货运列车。
Trains currently cross the Bosporus only through the Marmaray tunnel, which primarily serves passenger traffic and can accommodate just four freight trains a day.
火星物流铁路集团总裁埃尔丁·埃伦居尔表示，该公司原为日立物流系统，目前在土耳其与罗马尼亚、捷克和德国目的地之间运营每周20班双向列车服务，运输汽车零部件、化工产品和消费品。
Erdin Erengul, railway group president at Mars Logistics, formerly Hitachi Transport System, said the company operates 20 weekly two-way services between Turkey and destinations in Romania, Czechia and Germany, transporting auto parts, chemicals and consumer goods.
“假如我们在第三座博斯普鲁斯大桥上拥有铁路选项，我们可以轻松将这一运量翻倍以上，”埃伦居尔说。
"When we have a railway option over the third Bosporus bridge, we can easily more than double this flow," Erengul said.
据乌拉奥卢介绍，正在建设或计划招标的项目将在2030年至2031年前打造一条长达2000多公里的无缝铁路货运走廊，连接土耳其的东部和西部边境，年运力将达到3000万吨。
According to Uraloglu, projects under construction or planned for tender will create a seamless rail freight corridor of more than 2,000 km linking Turkey's eastern and western borders by 2030-2031, with annual capacity reaching 30 million tons.
南高加索地区与欧洲之间的大量货物依赖通过格鲁吉亚、罗马尼亚和保加利亚的黑海港口进行多式联运“铁海联运”，但该区域商船遭到俄罗斯袭击，一些货主如今表示正在撤回。
Much of the cargo between the South Caucasus and Europe relies on multimodal rail-sea routes via Georgian, Romanian and Bulgarian ports in the Black Sea but merchant ships in the area have come under Russian attack, with some shippers now saying they are pulling back.
由韩国分包商建造的亚武兹·苏丹·塞利姆大桥，在其中间车道设计了博斯普鲁斯海峡上的首条铁路。（阿纳多卢通讯社）欧盟扩大事务专员玛尔塔·科斯于10月9日在土耳其出席新通道开通仪式时表示，欧盟旨在通过其“全球门户”倡议，动员高达120亿欧元的公共和私人投资，以支持中间走廊。
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, built by South Korean subcontractors, is designed to accommodate in the middle lane the first railway over the Bosporus Strait. (Anadolu Agency) EU Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos said in Turkey at the opening of the new link on Oct. 9 that the bloc aims to mobilize up to 12 billion euros in public and private investment through its Global Gateway initiative to support the Middle Corridor.
世界银行于9月发布的一项研究估计，在核心基础设施方面进行约250亿美元的协调投资，加上约300亿美元的配套投资，到2040年可使该走廊的货运量增加3.6倍。过境时间可缩短一半，而参与国的经济增长将比2023年水平高出3.3%。从长远来看，土耳其的经济增长可能上升4.1%，相当于约470亿美元。2024年，铁路仅占土耳其国内货运运输的3.5%。
A World Bank study published in September estimated that coordinated investments of about $25 billion in core infrastructure, together with roughly $30 billion in enabling investments, could increase freight volumes along the corridor 3.6-fold by 2040. Transit times could be cut by half while economic growth for participating countries would be 3.3% higher than 2023 levels. Economic growth for Turkey in the long run could rise 4.1%, equivalent to about $47 billion. Rail accounted for just 3.5% of domestic freight transport in Turkey in 2024.
科斯表示，新链接将有助于多元化贸易流向，让欧洲进入新市场、获取能源供应和关键原材料，同时减少对途经俄罗斯的路线的依赖。
Kos said the new link would help diversify trade flows and give Europe access to new markets, energy supplies and critical raw materials while cutting dependence on routes crossing Russia.
除了现有的经格鲁吉亚通道外，一条穿越阿塞拜疆纳希切万飞地和亚美尼亚南部通往阿塞拜疆本土的铁路连接也在讨论之中，作为“特朗普国际和平与繁荣路线”的一部分。土耳其和阿塞拜疆将这一项目——即美国总统特朗普斡旋达成的亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆双边协议的一部分——称为“赞格祖尔走廊”。
Beyond the existing passage via Georgia, a rail connection running through Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan exclave and southern Armenia to mainland Azerbaijan is also under discussion as part of the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity. Turkey and Azerbaijan refer to this project, part of a bilateral agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan brokered by U.S. President Donald Trump, as the Zangezur corridor.
关于经中亚的跨里海国际运输路线，乌拉洛卢表示：“当前和未来最大的问题是官僚主义。”他说，如果管理得当，中国和伦敦之间的交付时间可缩短至最快14天。
On the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route via Central Asia, Uraloglu said, "The biggest problem today and in the future is bureaucracy." He said that if properly managed, delivery times between China and London could be reduced to as short as 14 days.
另一个替代方案是“发展之路”项目，将伊拉克大法奥港与土耳其连接，并通过铁路、公路和未来的能源基础设施延伸至欧洲。该项目预计耗资约250亿美元。
Another alternative is the Development Road project linking Iraq's Grand Faw Port to Turkey and onward to Europe through railways, highways and future energy infrastructure. The project is expected to cost about $25 billion.
乌拉洛卢表示，安卡拉和巴格达已就融资模式达成一致，即伊拉克石油收入将支持土耳其承包商进行建设，尚待伊拉克议会批准。
Uraloglu said Ankara and Baghdad have agreed on a financing model under which Iraqi oil revenues would support construction by Turkish contractors, pending approval by Iraq's parliament.
他说：“我希望该项目今年能够获批，明年开工，并在五年内完工。”他还表示，该项目未来10年为土耳其带来的经济贡献总额将达到550亿美元。
"I hope it will pass this year and we can start construction next year and finish it within five years," he said, saying its economic contribution to Turkey over 10 years would total $55 billion.
在被问及美国支持的“印度-中东-欧洲经济走廊”（IMEC）时，乌拉洛卢直言不讳地表示，该计划“胎死腹中”。中东动荡是这一计划的主要绊脚石。
Asked about the U.S.-backed India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor, or IMEC, Uraloglu was blunt, saying that it was "stillborn." Middle East unrest is a major stumbling block for the plan.
土耳其还在推动复兴“现代汉志铁路”，该铁路将连接土耳其与叙利亚、约旦和沙特阿拉伯，未来还可能延伸至阿曼，从而形成另一条绕过霍尔木兹海峡的路线。
Turkey is also promoting a revived Modern Hejaz Railway linking Turkey with Syria, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, with potential future extensions to Oman, creating another route that would bypass the Strait of Hormuz.
乌拉洛卢说，仅通往沙特阿拉伯的铁路建设就需要至少五年时间。他认为，涉及也门胡塞武装的战斗不会使该项目受阻，因为“尚未爆发全面战争，此类项目不会因有限的冲突而被搁置”。
Uraloglu said construction to Saudi Arabia alone would take at least five years. He believes that fighting involving Yemen's Houthis would not derail the project because "there is no all-out war yet and such projects will not be shelved because of limited clashes."