《华盛顿邮报》的一项分析显示，唐纳德·特朗普总统已成功重塑联邦官僚体系，对黑人员工的影响最大。
A Washington Post analysis shows that President Donald Trump has succeeded in reshaping the federal bureaucracy, with the largest impact on Black workers.
《华盛顿邮报》的分析发现，自第二任期开始以来，唐纳德·特朗普总统已监督约每5名政府雇员中就有1人离职，这一改革的速度和深度均超过任何一位近任前总统。
President Donald Trump has overseen the departure of about 1 in every 5 government workers since the start of his second term, a faster and deeper overhaul than under any recent predecessor, a Washington Post analysis found.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，按某些指标衡量，黑人——他们在政府雇员中所占比例历来高于其在人口中的占比——受冲击最严重。
By some metrics, Black people — who have historically made up a larger portion of government employees compared with their share of the population — were hit hardest, The Post found.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，这些削减岗位的举措在一定程度上被新招聘和部分员工复职所抵消。总体而言，自特朗普第二届政府开始以来，联邦劳动力中黑人的占比已大幅下降。
The cuts were partially offset by new hiring and the reinstatement of some workers. Overall, the portion of the federal workforce that is Black has dropped substantially since Trump’s second administration began, The Post found.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，约85%的离职属于辞职或退休，而约有3.2万名全职员工被直接解雇。
About 85 percent of the departures were resignations or retirements, The Post found, while approximately 32,000 full-time workers were directly fired.
《华盛顿邮报》获取并分析了联邦数据、调查以及特朗普政府内部规划文件，从而勾勒出迄今为止最清晰的图景，展示了谁离职、为何离职，以及特朗普对联邦劳动力的大规模削减如何重塑美国官僚体系。以下是主要发现。
The Post obtained and analyzed federal data, surveys and internal Trump administration planning documents to obtain the clearest picture to date of who left, why they departed and how Trump’s sweeping cuts to the federal workforce are reshaping American bureaucracy. Here are the major findings.
联邦劳动力规模按历史比例缩减——被招聘和返聘所抵消 《华盛顿邮报》通过分析人事管理局（OPM）收集的联邦劳动力数据发现，在特朗普执政的前18个月里，共有42.6万名全职文职员工离开联邦体系。这相当于近五分之一的劳动力，而在特朗普第二任期开始时，联邦劳动力总数近220万。
Federal workforce shrank by historic proportions — offset by hires and rehires Over Trump’s first 18 months in office, 426,000 full-time, civilian workers left federal service, The Post found by analyzing figures from Federal Workforce Data, collected by OPM. That is equivalent to nearly one-fifth of the workforce, which totaled almost 2.2 million at the start of Trump’s second term.
这一离职率显著高于最近两届政府时期的水平。相比之下，在乔·拜登总统任内，约每7名员工中就有1人离开政府部门；而在特朗普第一届政府时期，约每8名员工中就有1人离职。
This rate of departure is significantly higher than the rates seen during the last two administrations. By comparison, about one in seven employees left government over the course of President Joe Biden’s term, while one in eight departed during Trump’s first administration.
离职集中发生在2025年9月，当时政府的辞职与提前退休激励计划开始生效。《华盛顿邮报》发现，仅在那一个月，就有近12.1万人离开联邦政府岗位。
The departures concentrated in September 2025, when the administration’s incentive programs for resignation and early retirement took effect. In just that month, nearly 121,000 people left federal service, The Post found.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，计入新聘人员和复职人员——有时是法官在遭解雇员工提起的诉讼中下令复职——联邦雇员人数在2024年12月至2026年6月间减少了25.5万人，降幅约为12%。上一次劳动力规模处于这一水平还是在总统巴拉克·奥巴马的第一任期内。
Accounting for new hires and reinstatements — sometimes forced by judge’s orders in lawsuits filed by dismissed staffers — the federal workforce has shrunk by 255,000 employees between December 2024 and June 2026, a reduction of about 12 percent, The Post found. The last time the workforce was that size was during President Barack Obama’s first term.
黑人联邦雇员的就业降幅最大。特朗普政府已停止发布联邦雇员人口统计数据，打破了数十年来的先例。
Black federal workers saw the sharpest decline in employment The Trump administration has stopped publishing data on federal employee demographics, breaking with decades of precedent.
该数据最后一份发布于2024年9月的概览显示，当时有近42.8万名黑人联邦雇员，约占总劳动力的19%。相比之下，黑人约占美国全国人口的12%。
The last snapshot of that data, published in September 2024, showed there were nearly 428,000 Black federal employees, representing about 19 percent of the total workforce. By comparison, Black Americans make up about 12 percent of the nation’s population.
为估算政府劳动力多元化的状况以及自特朗普缩减规模以来这一状况的变化，《华盛顿邮报》查阅了人口普查局为劳工统计局开展的月度家庭调查结果。该调查涵盖人事管理办公室未跟踪的劳动者，例如邮政局雇员、部分军事情报机构人员，以及自认属于联邦雇员的承包商。
To obtain a proxy estimate of government workforce diversity, and how that has changed since Trump’s downsizing, The Post examined the results of a monthly household survey conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It includes workers not tracked by OPM, such as Postal Service employees, those in some military and intelligence agencies, as well as contractors who identify as federal workers.
《华盛顿邮报》将2025年11月和12月的调查结果——这是2025年9月联邦离职潮之后可获得数据的头两个月——与2024年11月和12月的调查结果进行了比较。
The Post compared survey results for November and December 2025 — the first two months for which data was available after the September 2025 spike in federal departures — against survey results for November and December 2024.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，在这一时期，受雇于政府的黑人估计人数下降了30%。相比之下，在调查涵盖的所有其他种族中，报告的联邦就业人数下降了4%。
Across that period, the estimated number of Black people working for the government fell by 30 percent, The Post found. By comparison, reported federal employment declined by 4 percent among all other races included in the survey.
据《华盛顿邮报》分析调查估计，2026年的招聘导致劳动力人口结构出现不均衡变化。将今年1月至9月的联邦平均就业人数与2024年同期相比，黑人就业人数估计下降20%，而西班牙裔就业人数上升6%。白人就业人数下降约4%，亚裔就业人数基本持平，上升约1%。
Hiring in 2026 has resulted in an uneven demographic shift in the workforce, according to survey estimates analyzed by The Post. Comparing average federal employment during January through September of this year with the same months in 2024, estimated Black employment fell 20 percent, while Hispanic employment rose 6 percent. White employment fell about 4 percent, while Asian employment remained roughly unchanged, rising about 1 percent.
“政府效率部”推动了与多元化相关的政府削减。《华盛顿邮报》获得的内部规划文件显示，第二届特朗普政府计划裁撤数百个与多元化、公平和包容（DEI）办公室及项目相关的联邦岗位。这些计划由“政府效率部”制定，以响应一项旨在清除政府DEI项目的总统命令。“政府效率部”是最初由亿万富翁埃隆·马斯克监督的成本削减团队。
DOGE drove diversity-related cuts to government Internal planning documents obtained by The Post show the second Trump administration planned to ax hundreds of federal jobs related to diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) offices and programs. The plans were developed by the Department of Government Efficiency, a cost-cutting team initially overseen by billionaire Elon Musk, in response to a presidential order meant to rid the government of DEI programs.
一份“政府效率部”规划指南列出了225个拟关闭的办公室，并概述了对受影响员工的处理选项，包括解雇、安排行政休假或重新分配岗位。《华盛顿邮报》在特朗普第二任期开始前，确认了与这些办公室相关的200多名员工样本——他们的工作似乎包含DEI内容或职责。尽管这不是对这些办公室员工的完整统计，《华盛顿邮报》仍通过查阅组织架构图、职业资料和社交媒体，查明了他们的人口特征和当前状态。
A DOGE planning guide listed 225 offices for closure and outlined options for affected employees, including firing, placement on administrative leave or reassignment. The Post identified a sampling of more than 200 workers associated with these offices — whose jobs appear to have had DEI components or responsibilities — before the start of Trump’s second term. Although not a complete accounting of workers in these offices, the Post ascertained their demographics andcurrent statuses by examining organizational charts, professional profiles and social media.
约52%的人已不再为政府工作，而44%的人仍在联邦政府任职。一人死亡。《华盛顿邮报》无法确定其余人员的就业状态。
About 52 percent no longer work for the government, while 44 percent remain in federal service. One person died. The Post could not determine the employment status of the others.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，“政府效率部”解雇目标中超过一半是黑人，近三分之一是白人，13%是亚裔，8%是西班牙裔。
More than half of the DOGE firing targets were Black, The Post found, while nearly a third were White, 13 percent were Asian, and 8 percent were Hispanic.
被“政府效率部”针对DEI削减力度最大的机构是卫生与公众服务部，其次是环境保护部和内政部。“DEI观察名单”《华盛顿邮报》还调查了在“DEI观察名单”网站上被点名的联邦工作人员的命运。该网站由保守派倡导组织“美国问责基金会”于去年年初发布。网站称，该名单旨在曝光“在联邦政府内部推动激进的多元化、公平与包容（DEI）倡议的非民选职业雇员”。
The agency targeted most heavily by DOGE for DEI cuts was the Department of Health and Human Services, followed by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Interior Department. ‘DEI Watchlist’The Post also explored the fates of federal workers named on a “DEI Watchlist” website published early last year by a conservative advocacy group, the American Accountability Foundation. That list aims to expose “unelected career staff driving radical Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives within the federal government,” the site states.
该名单列出了93名联邦雇员，公布了他们的全名、薪资、任职经历和面部照片。《华盛顿邮报》发现，其中三分之二是黑人。
The list identifies 93 federal employees, sharing their full names, salaries, employment histories and pictures of their faces. Two-thirds are Black, The Post found.
《华盛顿邮报》通过查阅领英个人资料、联邦就业数据和社交媒体发现，截至本月，名单上的50人仍在为政府工作。15人已在政府之外找到工作，28人处于失业状态。
As of this month, 50 people identified on the list still work for the government, The Post found, by reviewing LinkedIn profiles, federal employment data and social media. Fifteen have found jobs outside of government, and 28 are unemployed.
《华盛顿邮报》发现，名单上的黑人员工比其他被点名者更有可能失去工作且至今仍失业。目前有23人失业。《华盛顿邮报》发现，名单上的白人中仅有两人失业。
Black employees were more likely than others named on the list to have lost their jobs and still be unemployed, The Post found. Twenty-three are out of work today. Among White people named on the list, just twoare unemployed, The Post found.