丽贝卡·桑塔纳 华盛顿 —— 移民政策研究所周四发布的一份新报告显示，特朗普政府在过去一年内有望驱逐约 66 万人，随着全国范围内的逮捕行动升级，数十亿美元资金旨在为其移民议程注入强心剂。
REBECCA SANTANA WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump’s administration is on track to deport about 660,000 people over the past year, a new report released Thursday shows, as arrests ramp up across the country fueled by billions of dollars meant to supercharge his immigration agenda.
该报告显示，驱逐人数较特朗普第二任期第一年的 62 万人有所增加。但这一数字未达到 21 世纪初的历史高位，也未能兑现特朗普政府在从国会获得数十亿美元拨款时的承诺，即该笔资金将使每年驱逐人数达到 100 万。
The report by the Migration Policy Institute shows deportations increased from 620,000 during the first year of Trump’s second administration. The numbers fall short of previous highs in the early 2000s and fail to meet the Trump administration’s promise, made when it received the billions from Congress, that the money would allow for 1 million deportations annually.
该报告基于通过《信息自由法》请求获得的公开数据编制而成，此前特朗普政府于 2025 年 1 月停止公开发布由国土安全部编制的类似数据。
The report, based on publicly available data obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests, comes after the Trump administration in January 2025 stopped publicly releasing similar figures compiled by the Department of Homeland Security.
共和党人特朗普去年重返白宫，承诺遏制南部边境偷渡并严厉打击非法移民。其政府推行了针对合法和非法移民的限制措施，并发起高调逮捕行动，试图迫使移民离境。
Trump, a Republican, returned to power last year promising to stanch crossings at the southern border and crack down on immigration. His administration has pushed through restrictions on both legal and illegal immigration and launched high-profile arrest operations in its bid to force migrants out.
分析发现，在特朗普第二任期前 18 个月中，国土安全部共实施了 98 万次驱逐。
The analysis found that the Department of Homeland Security carried out 980,000 deportations during the first 18 months of the second Trump administration.
在上一财年 —— 当时特朗普政府的移民执法机制正全速运转 —— 估计有 66 万人被驱逐。
During the last fiscal year — when the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement mechanisms were shifting into high gear — an estimated 660,000 people were deported.
根据移民政策研究所的分析，这一数字比民主党籍总统乔·拜登 2021 年至 2024 年执政期间的年度平均水平增长了 26%，但远低于民主党籍总统比尔·克林顿执政时期 2000 年记录的 186 万次驱逐。
According to MPI’s analysis, that’s a 26% increase from the yearly average from 2021 to 2024 during the administration of President Joe Biden, a Democrat, but well below the 1.86 million deportations recorded in 2000, under President Bill Clinton, another Democrat.
尽管逮捕行动激增，报告详细列举了特朗普政府在实现驱逐目标方面面临的一些挑战。
Despite the surging arrests, the report details some of the challenges to the Trump administration reaching its deportation targets.
历史上，许多未经授权居住在美国的移民来自墨西哥，且不常寻求庇护。但近年来，移民来自的国家范围更广，这可能使驱逐他们变得更加复杂。而最终决定某人能否被驱逐出境的移民法庭，面临更为严重的案件积压。
Historically, many immigrants living in the U.S. without authorization were from Mexico and didn’t often seek asylum. But in recent years, migrants have come to the U.S. from a wide range of countries, which can make it more complicated to deport them. And immigration courts, which ultimately decide whether someone can be removed from the country, face more significant case backlogs.
报告称，自愿离境——即人们放弃在移民法庭的案件并同意离开该国——达到了“历史最高水平”，自2025年1月特朗普重返白宫以来，已有17万人选择这样做。选择自愿离境的人将来仍有可能返回美国。但一些移民权益倡导者和律师表示，人们放弃法庭抗争并同意离境，仅仅是为了摆脱美国移民与海关执法局（ICE）的拘留。
The report said voluntary departures — when people give up their cases in immigration court and agree to leave the country — were at an “all-time high,” with 170,000 choosing to do so since Trump returned to office in January 2025. People who choose voluntary departure could one day return to the U.S. But some immigrant advocates and lawyers say that people give up their court fight and agree to leave simply to get out of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, detention.
报告还称，特朗普政府越来越多地驱逐在美国内陆被捕的人员，这反映出其正在加强对在美国居住已久的移民的执法力度。2025年，被驱逐者中约28%是在境内被捕，但到今年7月，这一比例已上升至39%。
The Trump administration was also increasingly deporting people it arrested in the country’s interior, the report said, reflecting how it was stepping up enforcement against migrants who have been in the country for a long time. In 2025, about 28% of the people deported were arrested inside the country, but by July of this year that had risen to 39%.
报告称，在南部边境被捕的移民仍占驱逐人数的很大比例——2025年1月20日至2026年7月31日期间，所有被驱逐者中69%是在边境初次被拦截的人员。
Migrants arrested at the southern border still make up a large number of deportations, the report said — 69% of all deportations between Jan. 20, 2025, and July 31, 2026, were of people initially intercepted at the border.
在美国停留时间较长的人可能有更多机会对抗驱逐，而政府通常拥有更大权力，可对在边境被捕者实施快速驱逐。
People in the country longer may have more opportunities to contest their removal while the government typically has greater authority to fast-track deportations for people arrested at the border.
分析指出，尽管特朗普政府声称瞄准的是“最坏之最坏”，但大多数被驱逐者从未因犯罪被定罪。此前的数据也显示了同样的情况。
The analysis said most people deported have never been convicted of a crime, despite the Trump administration claiming to be targeting the “worst of the worst.”Previous data has showed the same.
国土安全部在特朗普就职后停止发布类似数据，这使得追踪其核心竞选承诺之一变得困难。特朗普政府发布的数据前后不一且无法核实。
Homeland Security stopped releasing similar data when Trump took office, making it difficult to track one of his key campaign promises . Figures the Trump administration has released are inconsistent and unverifiable.
政府称其做法公开透明。周二，它作为一份吹嘘其在移民问题上成就的文件的一部分，发布了部分自有数据，其中包括称在特朗普第二任期内已有120万移民被驱逐或遣返。目前无法立即调和这一差异。
The administration says it is transparent. On Tuesday, it released some of its own figures as part of a document boasting of its achievements on immigration, including that 1.2 million migrants have been deported or removed during Trump’s second term. The discrepancy could not immediately be reconciled.
在缺乏定期数据的情况下，关注移民趋势的分析人士和活动人士不得不依靠通过诉讼获得的信息，或联邦机构发布的有限且零星的信息来追踪驱逐数据。
In the absence of regular data, analysts and activists interested in immigration trends have relied on information obtained through lawsuits or limited and sporadic information released by federal agencies to track deportation data.